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531 Jing-feng Wang, Lin-zhu Wang, Chao-yi Chen, Xiang Wang, Fei Zhao
Effect of rare earth on primary carbides in H13 die steel and their addition method: a review
Larger-sized primary carbides lead to stress concentration during the application of H13 hot-work die steel, resulting in microcracks and fatigue failure. Rare earth was usually added to modify the carbides and inclusions. The existing literature is reviewed on the effect of rare earth on primary carbides in H13 steel. A comprehensive review on the effect of rare earth on the characteristics of primary carbides, i.e., number, size, morphology, and thermal stability inH13 steel, was done. The precipitation mechanism and nucleation of primary carbides with rare earth were summarized. The position and form of rare earth in steel and their effects on alloying elements segregation were reviewed. The addition techniques of rare earth in H13 steel were compared, and the prospects for other uncommon rare earth and emerging technology were present. Based on the current references, it can be known that adding rare earth facilitated refined and dispersed primary carbides. The size of primary carbides would be reduced, and their morphology would be improved because the rare earth inclusions formed in H13 steel can act as nucleation cores for γ- Fe or δ-Fe, refining the dendritic structure. Besides, the number of primary carbides at grain boundaries would be significantly reduced. However, rare earth had little impact on thermal stability. The nucleation of primary carbides tended to be inhibited due to themodification of inclusions by rare earth which were likely to be nucleation cores for primary carbides. Rare earth had been reported to affect themechanism and process of primary carbide precipitation. Additionally, the addition of rare earth can inhibit the segregation of alloying elements and carbon diffusion by calculation. Thus, laboratory experiments and theoretical calculations need to be conducted to study the states and evolution of rare earth steels.
钢铁研究学报(英文版)   2024 Vol. 31 (3): 531-551.
2341 Ya-jun Wang, Meng-jie Tao, Jun-guo Li, Jian-bao Zhang, Song Qin, Shao-hua Liu, Li-jie Peng, Xiao-pei Zhang, Xi Zhang, Ya-nan Zeng
A review of use of metallurgical slag for its carbonation products: processes, crystallization behavior, and application status
In response to the pressing global issue of reducing carbon emissions and the crucial technical challenges of fully utilizing steel slag, researchers have been studying an accelerated carbonation process that entails the carbonation of basic oxides in steel slag to store CO2. However, despite its promising potential, the process has yet to see widespread industrial application. The latest research progress in the area of mineral carbonation processes, both direct and indirect, that are used to capture, utilize, and store carbon in steel slag are summarized. Given the limited scale of steel slag carbonation and the underutilized products that can be derived from it, a new research focus is proposed for examining the regulation of calcium carbonate crystal forms during carbonation using the Ca source in steel slag. Precise control of synthesis variables will help to ensure accurate control of calcium carbonate precipitation in the carbonation process. A summary of the effects of synthesis variables on CaCO3 crystal form and the latest research findings on controlling aragonite morphology are provided. The review is concluded with a discussion of the potential applications and future development prospects of CaCO3 whiskers.
钢铁研究学报(英文版)   2023 Vol. 30 (12): 2341-2365.
1897 Mei-qi Shao, Dong Xu, Si-yi Li, Xiao-gang Zuo, Chang-ke Chen, Gong-zhuang Peng, Jia-min Zhang, Xiao-chen Wang, Quan Yang
A review of surface roughness measurements based on laser speckle method
Surface roughness is commonly used to characterize material microstructure during processing, and accurate measurement of surface roughness is the premise and foundation of machining. Therefore, online non-destructive measurement of surface roughness based on the laser speckle method has become a hot issue in recent research. The improvements in surface roughness measurements based on the laser speckle method are systematically reviewed. Theory of speckle formation is introduced. The statistical properties of the speckle patterns including first-order statistical properties and second-order statistical properties are directly related to surface roughness. Surface roughness measurements based on the laser speckle method are roughly divided into the speckle contrast method, speckle correlation method, and fractal method. The three methods are described in detail, and an extensive comparison among all the methods is presented. The recent progresses and application of surface roughness measurements are reviewed. Finally, surface roughness measurements based on the laser speckle method are prospected and summarized.
钢铁研究学报(英文版)   2023 Vol. 30 (10): 1897-1915.
1463 Yan-xin Qiao, Zhi-bin Zheng, Hao-kun Yang, Jun Long, Pei-xian Han
Recent progress in microstructural evolution, mechanical and corrosion properties of medium-Mn steel
Medium-manganese (Mn) steel (MMS) has remarkable characteristics of high strength, strong work-hardening capacity, and wear resistance, being a promising third-generation advanced high-strength steel with lower raw material cost compared with other generations of advanced high-strength steel. The chemical composition and processing route play critical roles in determining the microstructural evolution of the MMS, and the microstructure composition significantly influences the mechanical, corrosion and wear properties of the steel. Hence, a lot of research work focus on exploring the direct relation between microstructural evolution and mechanical/corrosion/wear properties, and the progress has the following crucial aspects: (1) alloying design on the phase composition and carbide precipitation, (2) processing route on regulating microstructure evolution and twinning-induced plasticity and/or transformation-induced plasticity strengthening mechanism, (3) work-hardening, corrosion, and corrosion resistance of the regulated MMS, and (4) fracture and failure mechanism of MMS under tensile, corrosion and wear damages, as well as the improvement strategies.
钢铁研究学报(英文版)   2023 Vol. 30 (8): 1463-1476.
1059 Yu-chao Yao, Miao Liu, Zhong-qiu Liu, Bao-kuan Li, Yong Gan
Review on effect of applied internal cooling source and vibration on metal solidification process
Advancements in metallurgical technology have led to the emergence of high-performance requirements for metal materials, like high uniformity, high purity, and superfine crystallinity. This has resulted in the development and application of internal cooling source (ICS), vibrational, and vibrational internal cooling source methods in metal solidification processes to afford products with refined crystal grains and large proportions of equiaxed crystals. These methods have gradually been introduced into laboratories and some steel mills over the past few decades. However, there are few successful industrial applications of these methods, as there is no comprehensive understanding of their control theories and principles. Accordingly, the development, basic principles, and classifications of the three types of methods are summarized, and their impact on the solidification of molten metals and the morphology of solid products is discussed. In addition, experimental and numerical simulation-based researches on each type of method are reviewed and their prospects for applications are briefly discussed to control metal solidification. Finally, detailed future perspectives are provided on vibratory strip feeding, ICS, and pulsed magneto-oscillation methods. Hopefully, it will serve as a reference for future studies of the application of these and related methods in metal solidification processes.
钢铁研究学报(英文版)   2023 Vol. 30 (6): 1059-1072.
1057 Zhong-qiu Liu, Jun Li, Pei-yuan Ni
Special issue on numerical simulation of multiphase and multiscale metallurgical processes
钢铁研究学报(英文版)   2023 Vol. 30 (6): 1057-1058.
611 Yang-huan Zhang, Chen Li, Wei Zhang, Xin Wei, Jun Li, Yan Qi, Dong-liang Zhao
Research and application of Ti–Mn-based hydrogen storage alloys
Ti–Mn-based hydrogen storage alloys are considered to be one of the most promising hydrogen storage alloys for proton exchange membrane fuel cell applications, because of their good hydrogen absorption and desorption kinetics, low price, good activation performance, possession of high electrochemical capacity, and good cycling performance. The structure, performance characteristics, crystal structure of hydrides, development and application status of Ti–Mn-based hydrogen storage alloys were reviewed, and the methods to improve Ti–Mn-based hydrogen storage alloys were discussed: optimization of the preparation process, element substitution, and surface treatment. (1) In the study of the alloy preparation process, it was found that the use of the annealing process can significantly improve the high rate discharge performance, and cycling stability performance, increasing the maximum discharge capacity of the alloy electrode. In addition, using vacuum plasma spraying to prepare the electrode has better cycling stability and kinetic performance. (2) In element substitution, the effects of using Zr elements to partially replace Ti and Mn with Cr, V, Mo, and Fe on the hydrogen storage properties of Ti–Mn-based alloys were investigated. (3) In the study of surface treatment, palladium was plated on the surface of TiMn1.5 alloy by chemical deposition, and the strong affinity of palladium for hydrogen accelerated the cleavage of hydrogen molecules, which significantly improved the hydrogen absorption kinetics of TiMn1.5 alloy. Meanwhile, a new binary alloy system was formed by adding TiMn2 to MgH2, and it was shown that the addition of TiMn2 significantly improved the hydrogen absorption/desorption kinetics of the MgH2 alloy. Finally, the prospect of the application of Ti– Mn-based hydrogen storage alloys is presented, and the insight of further development of the alloy is offered.
钢铁研究学报(英文版)   2023 Vol. 30 (4): 611-625.
405 Dong-xiang Meng, Ru-fei Wei, Fei-hu Zhang, Hong-ming Long, Yuan-yuan Zhou
Resource utilization of flue gas calcium-based desulfurization ash: a comprehensive review
Calcium-based desulfurization ash (CDA) is mainly produced in dry and semi-dry flue gas desulfurization processes. The property of CDA is extremely unstable because its main component, calcium sulfite, makes it difficult to be directly applied to the field of building materials. The modification of desulfurization ash can be realized by high-temperature oxidation and wet oxidation. After modification, CDA can be widely used in building materials. Hydrothermal oxidation has broad development prospects because it can complete the oxidation of CDA and the removal of impurity elements at the same time. CDA can be used to prepare high value-added products of calcium sulfate whiskers and ecological rubber fillers.
钢铁研究学报(英文版)   2023 Vol. 30 (03): 405-418.
1334 Yu-xuan Liu, Shuai-jiang Yan, Cheng-song Zhang, Da-zhi Chen, Qin Xu, Guo-dong Cui
Preparation and compression behavior of Fe–Ni–P/porous-Fe/Fe–Ni–P composites
Porous-Fe–N alloys designed for light weight or energy absorption are inevitably facing the compromise of deteriorated mechanical properties. To optimize their mechanical properties, here a novel Fe–Ni–P/porous-Fe/Fe–Ni–P composite with sandwich structure was fabricated by spark plasma sintering and further strengthened via cryogenic treatment. Based on the principle of solid phase sintering and transient liquid phase sintering, porous core and dense outer layers formed simultaneously after co-sintering. The as-fabricated samples show excellent compressive strength of 1708 MPa, and after cryogenic treatment, due to the sufficient martensitic transformation, Fe–Ni–P outer layers show substantially increased hardness from 246.7 to 386.6 HV0.1 while the porous-Fe core remains unchanged. And the compressive strength maintains 1424 MPa despise the aggravated incongruity of deformation. The ratio of constituent microhardness R has been proposed to represent the hardness matching, and with decreasing R, the incongruity of deformation is intensified, and the nominal compressive strength is reduced.
钢铁研究学报(英文版)   2022 Vol. 29 (08): 1334-1341.
1322 Fa-yun Lu, Hong-yuan Wan, Xin Ren, Li-ming Huang, Hai-lin Liu, Xin Yi
Mechanical and microstructural characterization of additive manufactured Inconel 718 alloy by selective laser melting and laser metal deposition
The direct comparison of the microstructure and tensile properties of Inconel 718 fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM) or laser metal deposition (LMD) has been carried out. In the as-built state, LMD-fabricated specimens show lower tensile yield strength and fracture elongation than SLM-fabricated specimens due to the coarser solidification microstructure, including grains, cellular dendrites and Laves phases. This is mainly because the cooling rate of the LMD process is 2 to 3 orders lower than that of the SLM process. Upon the same heat treatment, both yield strengths of SLMand LMD-fabricated specimens are enhanced significantly. Notably, LMD-fabricated specimens exhibit simultaneous improvement in the strength and ductility, which is mainly attributed to the presence of small granular Laves phases and uniformly distributed nanoscale c00 strengthening phases. The results could serve as a guidance for selecting suitable postheat treatment routes for specific additive manufacturing process to attain excellent strength–ductility synergy.
钢铁研究学报(英文版)   2022 Vol. 29 (08): 1322-1333.
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