Research situation and prospect of interfacial wetting behavior of iron-coke-slag system in blast furnace
ZHANG Jian-liang1,2, JIANG Chun-he1, LI Ke-jiang1, BI Zhi-sheng1
1. School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; 2. School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Australia
Abstract:As the blast furnace is currently the world′s largest moving bed metallurgical reactor, maintaining good gas and liquid permeability in the blast furnace is the key to ensuring the stability of the blast furnace. The interior of the blast furnace is divided by the cohesive zone, divided into an upper solid bulk area and a lower solid-liquid coexistence area. The lower solid-liquid coexistence area is an important area that determines the gas permeability and gas flow distribution of the blast furnace. Therefore, a comprehensive study of the reaction of the solid-liquid coexistence zone in the lower part of the blast furnace is the key to clarifying the gas and liquid permeability of the blast furnace. The interaction between the coke bed and liquid iron/slag in the high-temperature zone of the blast furnace is an important factor that determines the iron-coke-slag interaction and gas and liquid permeability of the blast furnace. Adjusting the wettability changes of the liquid iron/slag and coke bed can effectively improve the gas and liquid permeability, which will ultimately affect the production efficiency and stability of the blast furnace. This article first summarizes the interfacial wetting behavior, and then summarizes the effects of liquid iron composition and coke properties on the iron-coke interfacial wetting behavior. Secondly, the effects of temperature, slag composition, and coke′s properties on the wetting behavior of the slag-coke interface are analyzed. The results showed that the current research on the wetting behavior of the slag-iron-coke interface in the blast furnace has been studied from laboratory experiments and basic simulations. It can provide preliminary theoretical guidance for blast furnace operators to understand the wetting behavior of the slag-iron-coke interface in the blast furnace. However, it is still necessary to conduct in-depth research on the changes in wetting behavior that can reflect the actual complex conditions in the blast furnace.
张建良, 姜春鹤, 李克江, 毕枝胜. 高炉内渣铁焦界面润湿行为研究现状及展望[J]. 钢铁, 2021, 56(11): 10-18.
ZHANG Jian-liang, JIANG Chun-he, LI Ke-jiang, BI Zhi-sheng. Research situation and prospect of interfacial wetting behavior of iron-coke-slag system in blast furnace[J]. Iron and Steel, 2021, 56(11): 10-18.
[1] https://www.worldsteel.org/steel-by-topic/statistics/monthly-crude-steel-and-iron-production.html. [2] 徐匡迪.低碳经济与钢铁工业[J].钢铁,2010,45(3):1.(XU Kuang-di. Low carbon economy and iron and steel industry[J]. Iron and Steel, 2010, 45(3):1.) [3] Li K, Khanna R, Zhang J, et al. The evolution of structural order, microstructure and mineral matter of metallurgical coke in a blast furnace: A review[J]. Fuel, 2014, 133: 194. [4] Gupta S, French D, Sakurovs R, et al. Minerals and iron-making reactions in blast furnaces[J]. Progress in Energy Combustion Science, 2008, 34(2): 155. [5] Bando Y, Hayashi S, Matsubara A, et al. Effects of packed structure and liquid properties on liquid flow behavior in lower part of blast furnace[J]. ISIJ International, 2005, 45(10): 1461. [6] Ohno K, Miyake T, Yano S, et al. Effect of carbon dissolution reaction on wetting behavior between liquid iron and carbonaceous material[J]. ISIJ International, 2015, 55(6): 1252. [7] Babich A, Senk D, Knepper M, et al. Conversion of injected waste plastics in blast furnace[J]. Ironmaking and Steelmaking, 2016, 43(1): 11. [8] Mahmood A.Wetting and Wettability[M].Croatia:Intech Open,2015. [9] Erle Donaldson,Waqi Alam.Wettability[M].Oklahoma:Gulf Publishing Company, 1993. [10] 董莉, 尹小荷, 孟萍萍, 等. 润湿行为的研究进展及在工程中的应用[J]. 沈阳师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2012, 30(1):48. (DONG Li, YIN Xiao-he, MENG Ping-ping, et al. Research progress of wetting behavior and application in engineering[J]. Journal of Shenyang Normal University (Natural Science), 2012, 30(1): 48.) [11] LI J. Wetting of ceramic materials by liquid silicon, aluminium and metallic melts containing titanium and other reactive elements: A review[J]. Ceramics International, 1994, 20(6): 391. [12] Keene B. Review of data for the surface tension of iron and its binary alloys[J]. International Materials Reviews, 1988, 33(1): 1. [13] Nakashima K, Mori K. Interfacial properties of liquid iron alloys and liquid slags relating to iron-and steel-making processes[J]. ISIJ International, 1992, 32(1): 11. [14] Chung Y, Cramb A. Dynamic and equilibrium interfacial phenomena in liquid steel-slag systems[J]. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, 2000, 31(5): 957. [15] Khanna R, Mansuri I, Sahajwalla V. Wettability of carbonaceous materials with molten iron at 1 550 ℃[J]. Wetting and Wettability, 2015, 13: 357. [16] Jeong I, Kim H, Sasaki Y. Trickle flow behaviors of liquid iron and molten slag in the lower part of blast furnace[J]. ISIJ International, 2013, 53(12): 2090. [17] Shin M, Oh J, Lee J. Carburization, melting and dripping of iron through coke bed[J]. ISIJ International, 2015, 55(10): 2056. [18] YIN Y, LI W, SHEN H, et al. Molecular dynamics simulations of iron/graphite interfacial behaviors: Influence of oxygen[J]. ISIJ International, 2018, 58(6): 1022. [19] Wu C, Sahajwalla V. Influence of melt carbon and sulfur on the wetting of solid graphite by Fe-C-S melts[J]. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, 1998, 29(2): 471. [20] Naidich Y, Perevertailo V, Loginova O. Adhesion and wettability of graphite by group VIII metals[J]. Russ Metal, 1979, 4: 33. [21] Nguyen C, Ohno K, Maeda T, el al. Effect of carbon dissolution reaction on wetting behaviour of molten Fe-C alloy on graphite substrate in the initial contact period[J]. ISIJ International, 2017, 57(9): 1491. [22] 湛文龙, 朱浩斌, 何志军, 等. 高炉内铁-焦界面的渗碳润湿行为研究[J]. 工程科学学报 2020, 42(5):595. (ZHAN Wen-long, ZHU Hao-bin, HE Zhi-jun, et al. Interface wetting behavior between iron and coke during the carbon dissolution process in a blast furnace[J]. Chinese Journal of Engineering, 2020, 42(5): 595.) [23] ZHU H, ZHAN W, YU Y, et al. Wetting and spreading behavior of molten iron in contact with graphite substrate: Interfacial effects[J]. Fuel Processing Technology, 2020, 203: 106389. [24] Sun H, Mori K, Sahajwalla V, et al. Carbon solution in liquid iron and iron alloys[J]. High Temperature Material Processing, 1998, 17(4): 257. [25] SUN M, ZHANG J, LI K, et al. Dissolution behaviors of various carbonaceous materials in liquid iron: Interaction between graphite and iron[J]. JOM, 2019, 71(12): 4305. [26] SUN M, ZHANG J, LI K, et al. The interfacial behavior between coke and liquid iron: A comparative study on the influence of coke pore, carbon structure and ash[J]. JOM, 2020, 72: 2174. [27] Mc Carthy F, Sahajwalla V, Hart J, et al. Influence of ash on interfacial reactions between coke and liquid iron[J]. Metallurgical and materials transactions B, 2003, 34(5): 573. [28] Ohno K, Tsurumaru S, Babich A, et al. Effects of ash amount and molten ash′s behavior on initial Fe-C liquid formation temperature due to iron carburization reaction[J]. ISIJ International, 2015, 55(6): 1245. [29] Zhao L, Sahajwalla V. Interfacial phenomena during wetting of graphite/alumina mixtures by liquid iron[J]. ISIJ International, 2003, 43(1): 1. [30] Monaghan B J, Chapman M W, Nightingale S A. Liquid iron wetting of calcium aluminates[J]. ISIJ International, 2010, 50(11): 1707. [31] Monaghan B J, Chapman M W, Nightingale S A. Carbon transfer in the lower zone of a blast furnace[J]. Steel Research International, 2010, 81(10): 829. [32] JIANG C, XIONG Z, LI K, et al. Molecular dynamics simulation study on the wetting behavior of liquid iron and graphite[J]. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2020: 113350. [33] Oh J, Lee J. Composition-dependent reactive wetting of molten slag on coke substrates[J]. Journal of Material Science, 2016, 51(4): 1813. [34] Shen P, Fujii H, Nogi K. Wettability of some refractory materials by molten SiO2-MnO-TiO2-FeOx slag[J]. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 2009, 114(2/3): 681. [35] Mehta A, Sahajwalla V. Influence of composition of slag and carbonaceous materials on the wettability at the slag/carbon interface during pulverised coal injection in a blast furnace[J]. Scandinavian Journal of Metallurgy, 2000, 29(1): 17. [36] George H, Monaghan B, Longbottom R, et al. Flow of molten slag through coke channels[J]. ISIJ International, 2013, 53(7): 1172. [37] Keene B. Surface tension of slag systems[J]. Slag Atlas, 1995, 2: 403. [38] Turkdogan E. Physicochemical Properties of Molten Slags and Glasses[M]. French: Metal Society, 1983. [39] Mehta A, Sahajwalla V. Influence of temperature on the wettability at theslag/carbon interface during pulverised coal injection in a blast furnace[J]. Scandinavian Journal of Metallurgy, 2001, 30(6): 370. [40] Jimbo I, Cramb A. Computer aided interfacial measurements[J]. ISIJ International, 1992, 32(1): 26. [41] Kozakevitch P, Urbain G. Tension superficielle du fer liquide et de ses alliages[J]. Mem Sci Rev Met, 1961, 58(7): 517. [42] Sahajwalla V, Taylor I, Washington B, et al. Wettability of carbonaceous substrates by slags[C]// 2nd Australian Melt Chemistry Symposium. Clayton: CSIRO, 1995: 113. [43] Sahajwalla V, Khanna R, Mehta A. Influence of chemical compositions of slag and graphite on the phenomena occurring in the graphite/slag interfacial region[J]. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, 2004, 35(1): 75. [44] Mehta AS, Sahajwalla V. Coal-char/slag interactions during pulverised coal injection in a blast furnace: Reaction kinetics and wetting investigations[J]. ISIJ International, 2003, 43(10): 1512. [45] 程广贵,张忠强,丁建宁, 等.石墨表面熔融硅的润湿行为研究[J].物理学报,2017, 66(3): 300. (CHENG Guang-gui, ZHANG Zhong-qiang, DING Jian-ning, et al. Wetting behaviors of the molten silicon on graphite surface[J]. Acta Physica Sinica, 2017, 66(3): 300.) [46] Siddiqi N, Sahajwalla V, Ostrovski O, et al. Wettability of graphite by CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-FeO-MgO slag[J]. High Temperature Materials and Processes, 1997, 16(4):2 13. [47] Siddiqi N, Bhoi B, Paramguru R, et al. Slag-graphite wettability and reaction kinetics: Part 2 Wettability influenced by reduction kinetics[J]. Ironmaking and Steelmaking, 2000, 27(6): 437. [48] Ukyo Y, Goto K. Measurement of quasi-binary interdiffusivities of various oxides in liquid slags[J]. Tetsu-to-Hagane, 1982, 68(14): 1981. [49] Kang T W, Gupta S, Saha-Chaudhury N, et al. Wetting and interfacial reaction investigations of coke/slag systems and associated liquid permeability of blast furnaces[J]. ISIJ International, 2005, 45(11): 1526. [50] Kang T W. Interfacial Phenomena of Slag and Coke Occurring in a Blast Furnace[D]. Australia:University of New South Wales, 2005.