Current situation analysis and prospect of iron and steel raw material for electric arc furnace steelmaking
WU Yao-guang1, XIAO Bu-qing2, ZHU Li-guang3, WANG Yan4,5
1. Metallurgical Engineering Consulting and Design Division, MCC Capital Engineering and Research Incorporation Limited, Beijing 100176, China; 2. The First Steel Plant, Handan Branch of Hegang Co., Ltd., Handan 056015, Hebei, China; 3. Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, Hebei, China; 4. College of Metallurgy and Energy, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, Hebei, China; 5. Hebei High Quality Steel Continuous Casting Engineering Technology Research Center, Tangshan 063000, Hebei, China
Abstract：As the core technology of short-path steelmaking, electric arc furnace steelmaking (EAF) has the characteristics of high iron recycling rate, low energy consumption and good environmental benefits. Promote the healthy development of EAF steelmaking, which is in line with the requirement of green development of iron and steel to achieve the goal of emission peak and carbon neutrality. EAF has various and flexible raw iron and steel materials for charging than the converter, and which affect directly the process control of EAF smelting. To create a good starting condition for excavating and exerting fully the advantages of EAF, the application, advantages and disadvantages of scrap, hot metal and direct reduced iron (DRI) as the main raw materials were analyzed from their production and storage, process operation, energy consumption, environmental protection and other aspects base of the current situation and characteristics of the main steel raw materials for EAF, and it is as a key point that the characteristics and technical indexes of direct reduction pellets are compared and analyzed, which provided a theoretical basis for exploring and optimizing the structure of raw iron and steel materials of EAF steelmaking. The scrap and direct reduced pellets will turn into the main raw materials of short-path steelmaking in the future considering resource consumption and environmental protection. Combined with the gradual maturation of iron and steel recycling technology and industrial specialization, and the development of more green hydrogen metallurgy technology, the new technologies, including comprehensive recycling technology of scrap, production technology of high-grade clean pellet as well as direct reduction technology of hydrogen shaft furnace, will be the development direction of production technology of iron and steel raw materials charged for EAF. Meanwhile, matching new and high efficient intelligent electric arc furnace smelting technology will be the development direction of short-path steelmaking in the future.
吴耀光, 肖步庆, 朱立光, 王雁. 电炉炼钢钢铁原料的现状分析与展望[J]. 钢铁, 2021, 56(11): 55-62.
WU Yao-guang, XIAO Bu-qing, ZHU Li-guang, WANG Yan. Current situation analysis and prospect of iron and steel raw material for electric arc furnace steelmaking[J]. Iron and Steel, 2021, 56(11): 55-62.
[1] 朱荣,刘会林.电弧炉炼钢技术及装备[M].北京:冶金工业出版社, 2018. (ZHU Rong,LIU Hui-lin. Electric Arc Furnace Steelmaking Technology and Equipment[M]. Beijing:Metallurgical Industry Press,2018.) [2] 朱荣,吴学涛,魏光升. 电弧炉炼钢绿色及智能化技术进展[J].钢铁,2019,54(8): 9.(ZHU Rong, WU Xue-tao,WEI Guang-sheng, et al. Development of green and intelligent technologies in electric arc furnance steelmanking process[J]. Iron and Steel, 2019, 54(8): 9.) [3] 朱荣,田博涵.电弧炉炼钢成本分析及降成本研究[J].河南冶金, 2019, 27(3): 1.(ZHU Rong,TIAN Bo-han. Cost analysis and cost reduction of EAF steel[J]. Henan Metallurgy, 2019, 27(3): 1.) [4] 蔡九菊.钢铁工业的空气消耗与废气排放[J].钢铁,2019,54(4):1.(CAI Jiu-ju. Air consumption and waste gas emission of steel industry[J]. Iron and Steel,2019,54(4):1.) [5] 上官方钦, 郦秀萍, 周继程,等. 中国废钢资源发展战略研究[J]. 钢铁, 2020, 55(6): 8.(SHANGGUAN Fang-qin,LI Xiu-ping, ZHOU Ji-chen, et al. Strategic research on development of steel scrap resources in China[J]. Iron and Steel, 2020, 55(6): 8.) [6] 王新江. 中国电炉炼钢的技术进步[J]. 钢铁,2019,54(8): 1.(WANG Xin-jiang.Technological process of EAF steelmaking in China[J]. Iron and Steel, 2019, 54(8): 1.) [7] 何坤,王立. 撬全球废钢市场'促钢铁产能输出与经济效益[J]. 中国冶金,2021,31(2): 103. (HE Kun, WANG li. Leveraging global scrap market, improving export of China′s steel production capacity and achieving economic benefits[J]. China Metallurgy, 2021, 31(2): 103.) [8] 王腾飞,王和兵,戴昭颖,等.钢水包增容改造及包底工艺优化实践[J].冶金能源,2019,38(1):34.(WANG Teng-fei,WANG He-bin,DAI Zhao-ying,et al. Improvement of ladle capacity increase and bottoming process optimization practice[J]. Energy for Metallurgical Industry,2019,38(1):34.) [9] 秦海涛. 安钢废钢验收方法的创新与实践[J]. 河南冶金,2020, 28(3): 54.(QIN Hai-tao. Novel method of receiving inspection of scrap steel developed and implemented by Anyang Steel[J]. Henan Metallurgy, 2020, 28(3): 54.) [10] 孟宪华. 特钢50 t电炉在不同铁水比下的炉料结构优化实践[J]. 山西冶金, 2019 (2): 78. (MENG Xian-hua. The optimization practice of furnace structure of special steel 50 t electric furnace under different iron water ratio[J]. Shanxi Metallurgy,2019 (2): 78.) [11] 赵庆杰,储满生. 电炉炼钢原料及直接还原铁生产技术[J]. 中国冶金,2010, 20(4): 23.(ZHAO Qing-jie, CHU Man-sheng. EAF steelmaking raw materials and direct reduction ironmaking processes[J]. China Metallurgy, 2010, 20(4):23.) [12] 王国军,朱青德,魏国立. 电炉钢与转炉钢成本比较[J].甘肃冶金,2019, 41(5): 74.(WANG Guo-jun,ZHU Qing-de,WEI Guo-li. Cost comparison between EAF steel and converter steel[J]. Gansu Metallurgy, 2019, 41(5): 74.) [13] 安杰,李涛,王哲,等. 60 t电弧炉全废钢熔炼技术[J]. 工业加热,2020, 49(5): 18.(AN Jie,LI Tao,WANG Zhe, et al. Smelting technology of full scrap in EAF[J].Industrial Heating, 2020, 49(5): 18.) [14] 金辉.降低钢铁料消耗实现降本增效[J].科技视界, 2015, 28: 233.(JIN Hui. Reduce the consumption of iron and steel material to achieve cost reduction and efficiency[J].Science and Technology, 2015, 28: 233.) [15] 傅杰,王新江.现代电炉炼钢生产技术手册[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2009.(FU Jie, WANG Xin-jiang. Modern Electric Furnace Steelmaking Production Technical Manuals[M]. Beijing:Metallurgical Industry Press, 2009.) [16] 葛建华,王明林,赵文博,等.不同热装方式下铸坯温度分布研究[J].上海金属,2017,39(4):48.(GE Jian-hua,WANG Ming-lin,ZHAO Wen-bo,et al.Study on temperature distribution in continuous casting slab under different hot charging behaviors[J].Shanghai Metals, 2017,39(4):48.) [17] 孙开明,张露,温德松.现代电弧炉炼钢热装铁水技术的再认识[J].北京科技大学学报, 2007,29(s1):52.(SUN Kai-ming, ZHANG Lu, WEN De-song. Re-understanding for modern EAF steel-making of charging hot metal[J]. Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing, 2007, 29(s1): 52.) [18] 艾磊,何春来. 中国电弧炉发展现状及趋势[J].工业加热, 2016, 45(6): 75.(AI Lei,HE Chun-lai. The present situation and development trend of EAF in China[J]. Industrial Heating, 2016, 45(6): 75.) [19] 金凤奎, 周伟, 张新文,等. 电炉提高热装铁水比的生产实践[J].宝钢技术,2009(6): 51.(JIN Feng-kui, ZHOU Wei, ZHANG Xin-wen, et al. Production practice of enhancing EAF' s hot metal charging ratio[J]. Baosteel Technology, 2009(6): 51.) [20] 王军涛,王宝明,纪连海. 电炉热装铁水比例对冶炼工艺的影响分析[J].天津冶金, 2012(4): 4.(WANG Jun-tao, WANG Bao-ming, JI Lian-hai. Analysis of influence of molten iron hot charging ratio on EAF smelting process[J]. Tianjin Metallurgy, 2012(4): 4.) [21] 王保峰. 80 t电炉热装铁水技术改造[J].中国铸造装备与技术, 2018, 53(6): 44. (WANG Bao-feng. Technical transformation of hot metal charging in 80 t electric furnace[J]. China Foundry Machinery Technology, 2018, 53(6): 44.) [22] 翁玉水. 三宝电炉技术升级改造[J].福建冶金, 2018(1): 22.(WENG Yu-shui. Technology upgrades of Sanbao electric furnace[J]. Fujian Metallurgy, 2018(1): 22.) [23] Sponge Iron and Smelting Reduction Sectional Committee, MTD 30. Sponge iron/direct reduced iron (DRI) hot briquette iron (HBI) and cold briquette iron (CBI) for steel making-specification[J]. Bureau of Indian Standards, 2007(11):3. [24] 石禹. MIDREX直接还原铁厂2019年运营概述[J].冶金管理,2020(20): 47.(SHI Yu. Overview of MIDREX direct reduced iron plant operations in 2019[J]. China Steel Focus,2020(20): 47.) [25] 宋赞, 李相帅, 查春和. 我国直接还原铁工艺的发展现状及趋势[J]. 冶金管理, 2020(16): 21.(SONG Zan, LI Xiang-shuai, ZHA Chun-he. Development status and trend of direct reducing iron technology in China[J]. China Steel Focus, 2020(16): 21.) [26] 杨雄飞. Energiron 直接还原炼铁工艺介绍[J]. 世界金属导报,2012-03-20: B02.(YANG Xiong-fei. Introduction to the energiron direct reduction ironmaking process[J]. World Metals, 2012-03-20: B02.) [27] 赵庆杰, 魏国, 沈峰满. 直接还原技术进展及其在中国的发展[J]. 鞍钢技术, 2014(4): 1. (ZHAO Qing-jie,WEI Guo,SHEN Feng-man. Process of direct reduce technology and its development in China[J]. Angang Technology,2014(4): 1.) [28] 黄慧琴. 全装 DRI 电弧炉产量提高试验研究[J]. 世界金属导报, 2019-12-17: B03.(HUANG Hui-qin. Experimental research on yield increase of fully installed DRI arc furnace[J]. World Metals, 2019-12-17: B03.) [29] 卢中强,杨永青. 用直接还原铁炼钢的工艺和能耗分析[J]. 中国金属通报, 2016(11): 60.(LU Zhong-qiang, YANG Yong-qing. Process and energy consumption analysis of steel-making with direct reducing iron[J]. China Metal Bulletin, 2016(11): 60.)
2021, Vol. 56 
