钢铁制造流程炼铁区段耗散结构的解析

doi:10.13228/j.boyuan.issn0449-749x.20210476

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摘要为了研究钢铁制造流程耗散结构的本质及其特征,以高炉炼铁区段为对象,研究解析了多工序协同动态运行条件下的耗散结构优化问题。由料场、焦化、烧结、球团、高炉等工序所组成的炼铁区段,不仅是钢铁制造流程中重要的物质/能源转换中心,也是全流程动态有序、协同连续运行的关键和基础环节。炼铁区段的物理本质是铁素物质流在碳素能量流的驱动和作用下,经过一系列热量、质量和动量传输以及复杂的冶金物理化学反应工程,将铁矿石转换/转化成为高温液态生铁,并生成高炉煤气和液态炉渣,同时产生大量余能、余热的工艺过程。这一复杂的工艺过程需要多工序协同耦合、耗散结构优化、动态有序运行。分析了耗散结构理论的内涵及耗散结构形成与维持的基本条件,指出钢铁制造流程炼铁区段是一个典型的耗散结构。阐述了炼铁区段主要工序功能解析优化和工程演化的历程,指出焦化、烧结、球团等单元工序的形成和发展,是现代高炉功能解析优化、集成优化和重构优化的演化结果和工程效应。其优化的目标包括了提高产品质量和生产高效、降低运行成本和能源消耗、减少CO₂和污染物排放、实现生态环境友好等。基于耗散结构理论,提出了炼铁区段主要单元功能解析、耗散结构特征、耗散结构体系建构及优化的理论与方法,论述了单元工序功能的对比分析和选择确定、设备/装置的能力和数量等参数的选择等。以耗散结构理论和冶金流程工程学为指导,构建了首钢京唐钢铁厂炼铁区段概念设计、顶层设计、动态精准设计体系,形成了动态有序、协同连续、耗散优化的工艺流程。生产实践证实,其耗散结构合理、物质和能量耗散低、生产运行指标先进、经济效益和社会效益显著,具有重大的理论研究和推广应用价值。

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关键词 ：钢铁制造流程, 炼铁区段, 耗散结构, 工程设计, 流程优化

Abstract：In order to study the essences and characteristics of the dissipation structure of iron and steel manufacturing process, the blast furnace ironmaking segment is targeted, some issues are studied and analyzed for dissipative structure optimization under the condition of multi-process cooperative dynamic operation. The ironmaking segment composed of raw material yard, coking, sintering, pelletizing and blast furnace procedures, is not only an important material/energy conversion center in the steel manufacturing process, but also the key and basic link of dynamic, orderly, coordinated and continuous operation of the whole process. The physical essence of ironmaking segment is the process that iron ore converts/transforms into high temperature hot metal, forms blast furnace gas and liquated slag, and produces a lot of residual energy and heat, under drive and function of carbon element energy flow, and through a series of heat, mass and momentum transmission as well as complex metallurgical physical and chemical reaction engineering. This complex process requires multi-process cooperative coupling, dissipative structure optimization, and dynamic and orderly operation. The connotation of dissipative structure theory, the basic conditions for formation and maintenance of dissipative structure were analyzed, and it was pointed that the ironmaking procedure of steel manufacturing process was a typical dissipative structure. The progress of function analysis optimization and engineering evolution of main unit procedures for ironmaking segment was expounded. It was indicated that the formation and development of coking, sintering, pelletizing and other unit processes were the evolution result and engineering effect of function analysis optimization, integration optimization and reconstruction optimization for modern blast furnace. The optimization objectives included improving product quality and production efficiency, reducing operation costs and energy consumption, decreasing CO₂ and pollutant emissions, and achieving ecological environment friendliness. Based on the theory of dissipative structure, the theory and methods of function analysis, dissipative structure characteristics and dissipative structure construction and optimization of main units in ironmaking segment process were promoted, and the comparative analysis and selection of unit process function, as well as selection for parameters such as ability and quantity of equipment/device were discussed. Under the guidance of dissipative structure theory and metallurgical process engineering theory, the concept design, top-level design and dynamic precision design system of Shougang Jingtang Iron and Steel Plant were constructed, the dynamic-orderly, synergetic-continuous, and dissipative construction optimized production process had been established. Production practice with reasonable dissipative structure, low material and energy dissipation, advanced production and operational indices and significant economic and social benefits, has proved that the theory has great theoretical research and promotional application value.

Key words： iron and steel manufacturing process ironmaking produce dissipative structure engineering design process optimization

收稿日期: 2021-08-16

引用本文:

张福明, 颉建新, 殷瑞钰. 钢铁制造流程炼铁区段耗散结构的解析[J]. 钢铁, 2022, 57(3): 1-9. ZHANG Fu-ming, XIE Jian-xin, YIN Rui-yu. Analysis on dissipative structure of ironmaking procedure for iron and steel manufacturing process[J]. Iron and Steel, 2022, 57(3): 1-9.

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