Effect of Al and N contents on austenite grain size for high-temperature carburized gear steels
WEI Min1, DENG Wei2, TANG Hai-yan1, LI Hai-yang2, WANG De-jiong2, ZHANG Jia-quan1
1. School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083,China;
2. Special Steel Department, Nanjing Iron and Steel Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210035, Jiangsu, China
Abstract:As high-end gear steels for rail transit need a long-time and high-temperature carburizing heat-treatment to improve their surface hardness and wear resistance,the key to ensure a fine microstructure and geometrical accuracy for the steels is to select appropriate Al and N contents to pin austenite grain boundary with their precipitated AlN particles. AlN particles have undergone partial solution at the usual carburizing temperature. In order to ensure a fine austenite grain size after high temperature carburizing,the content of acid-soluble aluminum in gear steel generally needs to be kept between 0.02% and 0.055%,and the content of N is required to be 0.01%-0.016% to ensure the precipitation of sufficient fine AlN second phase particles to pin grain boundaries. As the ranges of Al and N content are wide,the study of appropriate Al and N contents,the ratio of Al and N mass percents and the pinning effect of AlN particles on austenite during high temperature carburizing of steel is necessary. Pseudo carburizing experiments of the steels with various Al and N contents were conducted,and the ripening model of the second phase particle and its Gladman pinning model were studied. As a result,a quantitative expression for the non-uniformity factor Z and temperature T was revealed. Furthermore,the growth trends of austenite grain radius RA during high temperature carburizing process were observed,and the effect of different products and ratios of Al and N on austenite grain-coarsening behavior were analyzed accordingly. The results show that for carburizing temperature range of 1 173-1 273 K,the Z factor of austenite grains obeys a linear law of Z=3.742 97-0.001 76T. With a given holding time t,lnRA has a quadratic polynomial relationship with 1/T,but lnRAis linearly related to lnt while under a constant heating temperature T,and the time exponent of austenite grain growth is 0.33. When the product of w(Al) and w(N) exceeds 4.77×10-4,namely the austenite-grain coarsening temperature exceeds 1 263 K,the austenite grains can outnumber grade 7 even after 6 h holding at T=TC-10 K provided the ratios of w(Al) and w(N) of the steels are between 1.5-3.8. With a given product of w(Al) and w(N),the size of austenite grains after the same heating history shows a linear positive correlation with its ratio of w(Al) and w(N),and the size difference of the austenite grains is within grade 1 for steels with Al-N ratios ranged from 1.5 to 3.8.
魏民, 邓伟, 唐海燕, 李海洋, 王得炯, 张家泉. 高温渗碳齿轮钢铝氮含量对奥氏体尺寸的影响[J]. 钢铁, 2022, 57(12): 141-151.
WEI Min, DENG Wei, TANG Hai-yan, LI Hai-yang, WANG De-jiong, ZHANG Jia-quan. Effect of Al and N contents on austenite grain size for high-temperature carburized gear steels[J]. Iron and Steel, 2022, 57(12): 141-151.
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