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Abstract Niobium can significantly ameliorate the structure and improve the performance of steel. At the same time，Nb was also segregation in the steel，which can effectively increase the steel hardenability，shifting the eutectoid point to the right. Therefore，the metallographic method and isothermal heat treatment experiments were used to analyze the microstructure of high carbon steel. It was found that the precipitation and solid solution of Nb would refine the grains，and the addition of Nb would delay the pearlite transformation of high carbon steel and make it. The incubation period was extended. Valence electron cells of two austenite alloys Nb free atoms and Nb atoms were constructed by using empirical electron theory (EET) of solids and molecules，to revealed the Nb on austenite influence from the electronic level. Theoretical results shown that the maximum covalent logarithmic logarithm nA of the two models under 0.86% carbon mass percent were 0.972 5 and 0.962 4，respectively. The addition of Nb would changes the composition of the bonds in the system and combine with C atoms to form new strongest bond C—Nb bonds，thus explained the principle of the formation of NbC. The precipitation of NbC hinders the diffusion process of C in austenite，which delays the formation and growth of pearlite，and directly delays the phase transformation of pearlite，resulted in the CCT moving to the right after the addition of Nb.
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Received: 14 January 2019
Published: 15 November 2019
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2019, Vol. 54 
