|
|
|
| Inclusions evolution and control of non-aluminum deoxidized GCr15 bearing steel |
| XIAO Wei1, BAO Yan-ping1, WANG Min1, LIU Yu2, HUANG Yong-sheng2, SUN Guang-tao2 |
1. State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China;
2. Special Steel Company, ZENITH Steel Group Co., Ltd., Changzhou 213000, Jiangsu, China |
|
|
|
|
Abstract Aluminum-deoxidized bearing steel often contains D and Ds inclusions, which have a negative influence on the fatigue properties of bearing steel. In order to reduce the content of these kinds of inclusions, a new smelting method with low basicity slag and non-aluminum deoxidization was adopted to smelt bearing steel in a steel mill in China. The whole smelting process was sampled, and the inclusions were characterized by means of SEM-EDS and the automatic inclusion analysis system to clarify the evolution mechanism of inclusions. The results show that the total oxygen content of the bearing steel can reach from 0.000 6% to 0.001 0%; during the smelting process, the inclusions mainly composed of silicon oxide are formed first, which then continuously react with calcium, magnesium, aluminum, and other components in the LF refining process and grow up gradually, and finally are removed in the RH refining process; eventually, the inclusions in the steel are mainly composed of small-size silicate, with few spinel and calcium aluminate. This smelting method changes the main types of inclusions in bearing steel, reduces the content of D and Ds inclusions, and reduces the influence of inclusions on the properties of bearing steel.
|
|
Received: 08 June 2020
|
|
|
|
[1] 宗男夫,张慧,张兴中. 国内外高品质轴承钢洁净化与均质化控制技术的进展[J]. 轴承,2017(1):48.(ZONG Nan-fu, ZHANG Hui, ZHANG Xing-zhong. Advances in control technologies for cleanliness and homogeneity of high-quality bearing steel at home and abroad[J]. Bearing, 2017(1):48.)
[2] LI S, CHENG G, MIAO Z, et al. Effect of slag on oxide inclusions in carburized bearing steel during industrial electroslag remelting[J]. International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy, and Materials, 2019, 26 (3): 291.
[3] 王坤,胡锋,周雯,等. 轴承钢研究现状及发展趋势[J]. 中国冶金, 2020, 30(9): 119. (WANG Kun, HU Feng, ZHOU Wen, et al. Research status and development trend of bearing steel[J]. China Metallurgy, 2020, 30(9):119.)
[4] GU C, WANG M, BAO Y, et al, Quantitative analysis of inclusion engineering on the fatigue property improvement of bearing steel[J]. Metals, 2019, 9 (4):476.
[5] 李永德,杨振国,李守新,等. GCr15轴承钢超高周疲劳性能与夹杂物相关性[J]. 金属学报, 2008(8): 968.(LI Yong-de, YANG Zhen-guo, LI Shou-xin,et al. Correlations between very high cycle fatigue properties and inclusions of GCr15 bearing steel[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica, 2008(8): 968.)
[6] 刘烨,尹青,李锋,等. 超长疲劳寿命轴承钢的质量评价[J]. 中国冶金, 2020, 30(9): 37. (LIU Ye, YIN Qing, LI Feng, et al. Assessment on quality of bearing steel with ultra-ling fatigue life[J]. China Metallurgy, 2020, 30(9): 37.)
[7] 常立忠,高岗,郑福舟,等. 稀土-镁复合处理对GCr15轴承钢中夹杂物的影响[J]. 工程科学学报, 2019, 41 (6): 763.(CHANG Li-zhong, GAO Gang, ZHENG Fu-zhou, et al. Effect of rare earth and magnesium complex treatment on inclusions in GCr15 bearing steel[J]. Chinese Journal of Engineering, 2019, 41 (6): 763.)
[8] 史智越,徐海峰,许达,等. 采用ASPEX和旋弯疲劳法表征GCr15轴承钢夹杂物[J]. 钢铁, 2019, 54(4): 55. (SHI Zhi-yue, XU Hai-feng, XU Da, et al. Characterization of inclusions in GCr15 bearing steel by ASPEX and rotary bending fatigue methods[J]. Iron and Steel, 2019, 54(4):55.)
[9] Moghaddam S M, Sadeghi F. A Review of microstructural alterations around non-metallic inclusions in bearing steel during rolling contact fatigue[J]. Tribology Transactions, 2016, 59 (6): 1.
[10] 李明,王新成,段加恒,等. 轴承钢中D类夹杂物的形成与控制[J]. 工程科学学报, 2018, 40 (s1): 31.(LI Ming, WANG Xin-cheng, DUAN Jia-heng, et al. Formation and controlling of type-D inclusions in bearing steel[J]. Chinese Journal of Engineering, 2018, 40 (s1): 31.)
[11] 车晓健,杨卯生,唐海燕,等. 高性能GCr15轴承钢中夹杂物控制与疲劳性能[J]. 钢铁, 2018, 53(5): 76. (CHE Xiao-jian, YANG Mao-sheng, TANG Hai-yan, et al. Inclusions control and fatigue performance in high performance GCr15 bearing steel[J]. Iron and Steel, 2018, 53(5):76.)
[12] 王硕明,吕庆,王洪利,等. 转炉流程轴承钢连铸坯非金属夹杂物的行为[J]. 东北大学学报(自然科学版), 2006,27(2):192.(WANG Shuo-ming, LÜ Qing, WANG Hong-li,et al. Behavior of non-metallic inclusions in casting slab of BOF bearing steel[J]. Journal of Northeastern University(Natural Science), 2006, 27 (2): 192.)
[13] 王康,刘剑辉,杨树峰,等. GCr15轴承钢EAF-LF-VD-CC流程非金属夹杂物的演变[J]. 钢铁, 2020, 55(2): 48. (WANG Kang, LIU Jian-hui, YANG Shu-feng, et al. Evolution of non-metallic inclusions in EAF-LF-VD-CC process of GCr15 bearing steel[J]. Iron and Steel, 2020, 55(2): 48.)
[14] XIAO W, WANG M, BAO Y. The research of low-oxygen control and oxygen behavior during RH process in silicon-deoxidization bearing steel[J]. Metals, 2019, 9 (8):812.
[15] 刘浏. 特殊钢发展新趋势与工艺创新[J]. 炼钢, 2017, 33 (4): 1.(LIU Liu. New tendency and process innovation for special steels[J]. Steelmaking, 2017, 33 (4): 1.)
[16] GU C, BAO Y, GAN P, et al. An experimental study on the impact of deoxidation methods on the fatigue properties of bearing steels[J]. Steel Research International, 2018, 89 (9): 1800129.
[17] GU C, BAO Y, GAN P, et al. Effect of main inclusions on crack initiation in bearing steel in the very high cycle fatigue regime[J]. International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy, and Materials, 2018, 25 (6): 623.
[18] CAI X, BAO Y, LIN L, et al. Effect of Al content on the evolution of non-metallic inclusions in Si-Mn deoxidized steel[J]. Steel Research International, 2016, 87 (9): 1168.
[19] CHEN S, JIANG M, HE X, et al. Top slag refining for inclusion composition transform control in tire cord steel[J]. International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy, and Materials, 2012, 19 (6): 490.
[20] 赵晓磊,成功,杨华峰,等. GCr15轴承钢脱氧过程中非金属夹杂物生成热力学及工业实践[J]. 炼钢, 2020, 36 (2): 22.(ZHAO Xiao-lei, CHENG Gong, YANG Hua-feng, et al. Thermodynamics and industrial practice on the formation of non-metallic inclusions in GCr15 bearing steels during deoxidation process[J]. Steelmaking, 2020, 36 (2): 22.) |
| [1] |
ZHANG Yin, WANG Lin-zhu, LI Jun-qi, YANG Shu-feng, CHEN Chao-yi. Comparison on non-metallic inclusions in OCTG steel from home and abroad[J]. Iron and Steel, 2021, 56(2): 69-75. |
| [2] |
XU Zhen. Influence of surface roughness of bearing steel[J]. PHYSICS EXAMINATION AND TESTING, 2021, 39(1): 11-. |
| [3] |
YE Yu-kui, YAO Cheng, LIU Yu, WANG Min, WANG Xiang-hong, BAO Yan-ping. Numerical simulation of solidification and heat transfer in bloom bearing steel GCr15[J]. CONTINUOUS CASTING, 2020, 45(6): 15-20. |
| [4] |
TONG Meng， XU Peng， LUO Jing， DU Yang. Results and its qualification analysis of national supervision and inspection of bearing steel products in 2019[J]. PHYSICS EXAMINATION AND TESTING, 2020, 38(6): 57-. |
| [5] |
HOU Xin-mei, LIU Yun-song, WANG En-hui. Effect of ladle-lining refractory on non-metallic inclusions in steel[J]. Iron and Steel, 2020, 55(6): 15-24. |
| [6] |
NIU Kai-jun, YANG Wen, ZHANG Li-feng, CHU Yan-ping, ZHANG Hong-qi, GUO Zi-qiang. Thermodynamics and industrial practice of formation of inclusions during solidification of tire cord steels[J]. Iron and Steel, 2020, 55(6): 61-67. |
|
|
|
|
2021, Vol. 56 
