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| Numerical simulation of vacuum arc remelting process of USS122G ingot |
| JI Qing-tao1,2, YU Jie1, NING Jing2, LIANG Jian-xiong2, YANG Zhi-yong2, LIU Zhen-bao2 |
1. School of Material Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, China;
2. Institute of Special Steels, Central Iron and Steel Research Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing 100081, China |
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Abstract Ultra high strength stainless steel with its ultra high strength and good toughness and excellent corrosion resistance is widely used in aviation,aerospace and other fields. Vacuum arc remelting(VAR) is the main production technology of ultra-high strength stainless steel ingot,which can remove harmful impurities and improve element segregation in steel. In this paper,the vacuum arc remelting process of a high strength stainless steel USS122G was studied. Through the process simulation optimization software (Melf-Flow),the macroscopic heat transfer,mass transfer and flow phenomena of the VAR process were simulated,and the two-dimensional axisymmetric mathematical model of the VAR process of USS122G alloy was established.The temperature field and morphology of molten pool under different cooling rates are predicted. The evolution of magnetic field,temperature field and flow field under specific cooling rates and the macrosegregation of elements with or without helium cooling are emphatically analyzed. In order to validate the agreement between the model and experiment results,a full-scale USS122G ingot has been prepared. The results show that with the increase of melting rate,the morphology of molten pool changes from flat to semi-circular,and finally to deep U-shape,the molten pool depth becomes deeper gradually. The melting rate of 4.5 kg/min is determined as the actual melting rate,molten pool morphology has a narrow mushy zone,under the melting speed,molten pool morphology presents the arc shape,and the input power of the vacuum self-consuming furnace is low. The flow field simulation results show that the flow direction of the fluid is downward along the edge and upward in the middle,and it moves clockwise on the right side of the ingot. The simulated pool depth is 132 mm after reaching steady state,which is consistent with the measured results. The Cr and C elements have positive segregation,and the segregation degree of the elements in the ingot cooled by helium is small. From 1/2R away from the ingot axis to the edge,the measured element distribution is in good agreement with the simulation results. The research results provide reliable data support for the steady industrial production of steel.
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Received: 21 March 2022
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2022, Vol. 57 
