20 November 2021, Volume 33 Issue 11
    

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  • Research status of out field strengthening technology in manganese resource treatment
    DAI Qingqing1， LIN Shunda1， DU Jinjia1， GUO Shenghui1， CHEN Guo 1,2,3， ZHOU Junwen1
    JOURNAL OF IRON AND STEEL RESEARCH　. 2021, 33(11): 1109-1117. https://doi.org/10.13228/j.boyuan.issn1001-0963.20200259
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    Abstract： As an important strategic resource mineral, manganese ore is widely used in the fields of steel, battery, agriculture, metallurgy and national defense industry, and plays a vital strategic role. In recent years, with the rapid development of manganese industry, China has become the largest consumer of manganese resources in the world, and the demand for manganese resources is increasing year by year. Based on the fact that manganese ore is still a scarce mineral in China with large demand, and the traditional processing technology has obvious shortcomings in productivity, sustainable development and automation, in order to ensure the strategic security of national manganese resources and promote the sustainable development of China′s manganese industry, exploring a processing method that can process manganese ore efficiently, cleanly and economically has become a research hotspot at home and abroad. The research shows that microwave, ultrasonic, flow field, pressure field and other external field methods can effectively and cleanly treat minerals and improve product quality. Therefore, the application of microwave, ultrasonic, electric field, pressure field and flow field in the process of manganese ore treatment is summarized and considered, which has guiding significance for the followup research of field enhancement technology in the treatment of mineral resources.
  • Construction and thinking of big data research and development platform for steel enterprises
    REN Ziping1,2， LI Degang2， LI Xiaowei2， WANG Zhuo3,4
    JOURNAL OF IRON AND STEEL RESEARCH　. 2021, 33(11): 1118-1126. https://doi.org/10.13228/j.boyuan.issn1001-0963.20200276
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    Abstract： By analyzing the new features and problems faced by steel enterprises in research and development at the contemporary big data background environment, a big data research and development platform of steel enterprises was proposed. The main functions of the big data management and analysis service application system, integrated computing platform system and machine learning platform system, which constitute the big data research and development platform of steel enterprises, were briefly described, and the main principles and ideas followed by the construction of the big data research and development platform of steel enterprises were also emphatically described. Finally, through the research on the construction of big data R&D platforms for steel enterprises, it can basically solve the problems faced by steel enterprises in data processing during the research and development process, and help steel companies to realize the research and development model from "experience + trial and error" to "calculation + verification". At the same time, it can effectively reduce the costs and improve the efficiency of research and development, which will play an important guiding role in the development of big data for steel companies in the future.
    • Smelting and Working
  • Synergistic mechanisms of alkaliactivation and carbonation of carbonated steel slag bricks
    SHI Di1， YE Jiayuan1， ZHANG Wensheng1， SI Zhengkai2， ZHANG Meng′an2， ZHANG Hanyue2
    JOURNAL OF IRON AND STEEL RESEARCH　. 2021, 33(11): 1127-1133. https://doi.org/10.13228/j.boyuan.issn1001-0963.20200288
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    Abstract：Based on the synergistic effect of alkaliactivation and carbonation, carbonated steel slag bricks were prepared by steel slag, ISO sand and sodium carbonate. The mineralogy, porosity and morphology of steel slag bricks were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetry /differential scanning calorimetry analysis, mercury intrusion porosimeter and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The effects of alkaliactivation, carbonation and “alkaliactivation + carbonation” on strength, reaction products, porosity and morphology were investigated. Then, the synergistic mechanisms of alkaliactivation and carbonation were discussed. The results show that sodium carbonate can improve the cementitions activity of steel slag and produce flakylike calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) gels to provide the initial properties of steel slag bricks. The CaCO3 and other reaction products generated during the carbonization process have a "filling effect" on the sample, which is the main reason for the improvement of the strength of the sample. The synergistic effect of alkaliactivation and carbonation was observed. The C-S-H gels resulted from the alkaliactivation of steel slag, which can be easily carbonated, is favorable to the carbonation process. The carbonation products of C-S-H gels filled into the pores, consequently resulting into the increase of compactness and strength of steel slag bricks.
  • Numerical simulation of effect of blade structure on KR desulfurization stirring
    JIA Shuyuan1,2， WANG Qiang1,2， HE Zhu1,2， OUYANG Degang3， ZHU Shanhe3， SUN Wei3
    JOURNAL OF IRON AND STEEL RESEARCH　. 2021, 33(11): 1134-1143. https://doi.org/10.13228/j.boyuan.issn1001-0963.20200278
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    Abstract：Compared with the injection method, the KR mechanical stirring method has significant advantages in the stability of molten iron desulfurization. Due to the different structure of the stirring blade used in the desulfurization of KR molten iron, the desulfurization effect is also different. Based on the multiple reference frame method (MRF) model, the flow field with different impellers was numerically simulated. The simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental results of water model, and the maximum error is 9.20%. The stirring effects of traditional fourblade impeller and spiral threeblade impeller, doublelayer fourblade impeller, doublelayer threeblade impeller on the stirring effect of molten iron and desulfurizer were simulated and studied. The results show that the height drop of hot metal vortex with singlelayer three blade propeller is the largest. When the doublelayer three blade propeller is used, the volume fraction of desulfurizer in the bottom area is 7.89%, which is increased by 17587% and 61.22% respectively compared with the traditional blade and singlelayer three blade propeller. The industrial experiment of molten iron desulfurization in the scale of 200tscale hot metal shows that compared with the traditional four blade propeller, the traceless rate of ［S］ in molten iron after deep desulfurization with singlelayer three blade propeller is increased by 10%.
  • Study on an identical metallurgical effect for multistrand tundish during special steel bloom casting
    DENG Wei1， NIU Shuai1， YANG Enjiao1， WANG Dejiong1， WANG Kaimin2， TANG Haiyan2
    JOURNAL OF IRON AND STEEL RESEARCH　. 2021, 33(11): 1144-1153. https://doi.org/10.13228/j.boyuan.issn1001-0963.20210241
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    Abstract： The divergence of the molten steel flow and temperature state in a multistrand tundish is a frequent reason leading to a poor continuous casting quality consistence and their final steel products. For a practical special steel bloom casting process, the measured temperature difference between the edge strand and the middle strand in its original 4strand Tshaped symmetrical tundish is as large as 4-7℃. To improve the quality of special steel long products from its casting period, the thermal fluid dynamics simulation on the overall metallurgical behavior of the tundish was carried out based on the actual casting conditions. The reasons for the obviously slow flow response of the edge strand nozzle in the prototype tundish and the poor consistency among strands were revealed. An effective countermeasure to control the molten steel flow and temperature difference in the multistrand tundish is proposed, which can improve the temperature distribution uniformity of molten steel in the tundish obviously, and the temperature difference between the edge strand and the middle strand can be reduced to less than 1℃ by the numerical analysis. With one of improved flow control designs for the tundish adopted in production, the measured temperature difference between nozzles is dropped to 0-3℃ which is remarkable as compared to the original one. It is pointed out that to optimize the multistrand tundish for an improved overall metallurgical effect is an important issue especially for long products production, which can be achieved by numerical simulation through a reasonable thermal fluid dynamics analysis.
  • Characterization of organic composite binder and its influence on properties of pellets
    XU Chenyang1， ZHANG Jianliang1， LIU Zhengjian 1， WANG Yaozu1，ZHENG Anyang1, MA Liming 1
    JOURNAL OF IRON AND STEEL RESEARCH　. 2021, 33(11): 1154-1160. https://doi.org/10.13228/j.boyuan.issn1001-0963.20210150
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    Abstract： Adding organic binder instead of bentonite is one of the effective ways to reduce the gangue content of pellet. The interaction between bentonite and organic binder was studied by residual burning experiment and XRD. The result shows that the crystal layer spacing of organic composite binder increases by 008 nm compared with the original bentonite. The results of palletization and roasting experiments show that the drop number and compressive strength of green pellets can be improved by adding organic binder instead of bentonite. The experimental results show that adding organic binder instead of 05 mass% bentonite can improve the reducibility and sticking index of pellets. SEM microscopic results show that the addition of organic composite binder can improve the porosity of pellets, which is conducive to reducing gas entering into the pellets, so as to improve the reducibility of pellets. The research can provide a reference for the preparation of organic composite binder pellets and helps to expand the application of organic composite binder in iron making.
    • Materials Research
  • YANG Dezhen， XIONG Zhiping， ZHANG Chao， CHENG Xingwang
    National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Materials under Shock and Impact, School of
    JOURNAL OF IRON AND STEEL RESEARCH　. 2021, 33(11): 1161-1170. https://doi.org/10.13228/j.boyuan.issn1001-0963.20210126
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    Abstract： The Fe-0.39C-3.69Mn (wt.%) steel with the initial microstructure of lamellar pearlite was fast heated to 730℃ and held at this temperature for 90s followed by water quenching to room temperature, resulting in the formation of lath martensite structure containing 13.2% retained austenite. The effect of tempering time at 200℃ on microstructures and mechanical properties was systematically studied, especially on the volume fraction and stability of retained austenite. The results show that with increasing tempering time, the amount of transition carbides is increased and their size is coarsened; the volume fraction of retained austenite decreases firstly and then remains unchanged; the hardness, strength and uniform elongation gradually decreases, but the total elongation increases due to recovery in lath martensite. It is worth noting that the film retained austenite is hardly decomposed after a long time tempering at 200℃, indicating a high thermal stability due to the Mn enrichment. After 15min tempering, a good combination of high yield strength (1544MPa), high ultimate tensile strength (2031MPa) and decent total elongation (10.1%) is achieved.
  • Study on microstructure and mechanical properties of 9Cr-ODS steel prepared by a powder hot forging process
    ZHANG Jiarong1,2， LI Yanfen2,3， RUI Xiang2,4， YAN Wei2,3， SHAN Yiyin2,3， YANG Ke2
    JOURNAL OF IRON AND STEEL RESEARCH　. 2021, 33(11): 1171-1178. https://doi.org/10.13228/j.boyuan.issn1001-0963.20210088
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    110016, Liaoning, China) Abstract： ODS steel is considered as one of the most promising candidate structural materials for advanced nuclear reactors due to its excellent hightemperature mechanical properties and radiation tolerance. A low activation 9Cr-ODS steel was prepared by hot forging after powder mechanical alloying. The effects of mechanical milling on powder morphology and particle size were studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Xray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The microstructure of 9Cr-ODS steel were observed by transmission electron microscope (TEM), and the mechanical properties were tested by tensile experiments. It is found that after ball milling for 50 h, the particle size, grain size and lattice distortion of the powders tended to be stable. The relative density of 9Cr-ODS steel was 99.4%, indicating that the excellent compactness had successfully obtained by hot forging method. After heat treatment, 9Cr-ODS steel exhibited tempered martensite structure with high density of dislocations and fine grains. There were two types of precipitates in the matrix of 9CrODS steel, M23C6 carbides with a size of 100-200nm and Y-Ti-O nanooxides with an average size of 102nm. The number density of nanooxides could reach about 1.3×1022m-3. The tensile strength and yield strength of 9CrODS steel were 910MPa and 750MPa at room temperature, and 200MPa and 160MPa at 700℃, respectively.
  • Effects of salt spray corrosion on low cycle fatigue behavior and mechanical properties of HRB400E steel bar
    CHEN Lifei1， LUO Yunrong1， FU Lei1， LI Hui1， LI Xiulan1， ZHANG Yingqian2
    JOURNAL OF IRON AND STEEL RESEARCH　. 2021, 33(11): 1179-1188. https://doi.org/10.13228/j.boyuan.issn1001-0963.20200093
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    Abstract： Accelerated corrosion tests were carried out in salt spray corrosion chamber with 5% NaCl solution for 30-90 days to study the effect of salt spray corrosion on low cycle fatigue behavior and tensile properties of HRB400E steel bars. Low cycle fatigue and tensile tests were carried out on corroded steel bars under simulated earthquake load controlled by axial displacement, and the cyclic response characteristic curve and strain life curve were obtained. Combined with SEM fracture morphology observation, the low cycle fatigue fracture mechanism of steel bar was analyzed. The results show that the salt spray corrosion has obvious influence on the quality and size of steel bars, and corrosion pits appear on the surface of steel bars. The mechanical properties of steel bars decrease with the increasing of corrosion time. The elongation at break decreases by 461% after 90 days of corrosion. The yield strength may no longer meet the standard requirements after 30 days of corrosion. The results show that the corrosion weakens the cyclic load resistance of the steel bars and leads to the decrease of the low cycle fatigue life; the corrosion reduces the area of the crack propagation zone and accelerates the crack propagation.
  • Microstructure and mechanical properties of light weight high manganese steel
    YANG Yi1,2， ZHENG Zhibin2， YE Zhiguo1， YANG Haokun3， LONG Jun2， ZHENG Kaihong2
    JOURNAL OF IRON AND STEEL RESEARCH　. 2021, 33(11): 1189-1197. https://doi.org/10.13228/j.boyuan.issn1001-0963.20200245
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    Abstract： As a wearresistant material, high manganese steel is widely used under high load or impact wear conditions. Lightweight is one of the development trends of steels, and it is also an important way to meet the needs of industrial energy saving and consumption reduction. In order to clarify the influence of the lightweight element aluminum on this type of steel, based on the high manganese steel ZGMn18Cr2, by controlling the aluminum mass fraction, light high manganese steels with different compositions were obtained. The microstructure was characterized by metallographic microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and electro probe microanalysis (EPMA). Its mechanical properties were tested by hardness tester, impact tester and tensile testing machine at room temperature. The results show that as the aluminum content continued to increase in the range of 0-11%, the density of high manganese steel was significantly reduced. The ferrite phase was gradually stabilized, and the grains were refined. At the same time, the tensile strength, yield strength, elongation and the fracture impact energy of the material increased first, and then decreased. However, the hardness decreased first and then increased. The changes of these properties have an important relationship with the changes in aluminum content, the appearance of the second phaseferrite, and the amount of the carbides containing Al.
  • Research on peeling properties of oxide scale of high carbon steel wire rod
    SHEN Kui1， ZHANG Yu1， YU Xuesen1， MA Han1， CAO Jin2
    JOURNAL OF IRON AND STEEL RESEARCH　. 2021, 33(11): 1198-1203. https://doi.org/10.13228/j.boyuan.issn1001-0963.20200254
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    Abstract： The simulated oxidation tests of high carbon steel H82BJ were carried out on muffle furnace and Gleeble3800 thermomechanical simulator and the thickness and phase composition of oxide scale for samples were characterized by OM, SEM. The results show that typical oxide scale on highcarbon steel mostly consists of FeO and Fe3O4, the scale thickness and the thickness ratio of FeO/ Fe3O4 were increases with the increase of oxidation temperature, and the scale thickness and percentage of eutectoid Fe3O4 from FeO phase were decreases with the increase of cooling rate. The thickness and structure of oxide scale suitable for mechanical descalability were obtained through adjusting the temperature and cooling rate in the actual process production.
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