1 State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, China; 2 Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Intensification Metallurgy, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, China; 3 National Local Joint Laboratory of Engineering Application of Microwave Energy and Equipment Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, China; 4 Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, China; 5 Key Laboratory of Unconventional Metallurgy, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, China; 6 Panzhihua University, Panzhihua 617000, Sichuan, China
Kinetic study on microwave-enhanced direct reduction of titanomagnetite concentrate with coal
1 State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, China; 2 Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Intensification Metallurgy, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, China; 3 National Local Joint Laboratory of Engineering Application of Microwave Energy and Equipment Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, China; 4 Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, China; 5 Key Laboratory of Unconventional Metallurgy, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, China; 6 Panzhihua University, Panzhihua 617000, Sichuan, China
摘要 Titanomagnetite concentrate is one of the important titanium resources. The apparent activation energy (Ea) of the direct reduction of titanomagnetite concentrate was composed of two parts (average activation energy: , where is the lattice energy of titanomagnetite concentrate, and is the activation energy of step 1 for the reduction of titanomagnetite concentrate in the route of . Ea (583.43 kJ/mol), (426.4 kJ/mol), and (157.0 kJ/mol) were calculated by the model-free methods based on thermogravimetry and Dmol3 module. Combined with the analysis of activation energy fluctuation and the shifting trend of related mechanism functions, the reduction kinetic system with three main characteristics, namely nucleation, diffusion and concentration fluctuation, was established. In addition, the scanning electron microscopy comparison analysis of the samples from microwave reduction and conventional reduction shows that microwave heating could realize the microstructure Ti–Fe separation and reduce the lattice energy of the titanomagnetite concentrate, thus enhancing the reduction process by 7.68% from the perspective of activation energy.
Abstract：Titanomagnetite concentrate is one of the important titanium resources. The apparent activation energy (Ea) of the direct reduction of titanomagnetite concentrate was composed of two parts (average activation energy: , where is the lattice energy of titanomagnetite concentrate, and is the activation energy of step 1 for the reduction of titanomagnetite concentrate in the route of . Ea (583.43 kJ/mol), (426.4 kJ/mol), and (157.0 kJ/mol) were calculated by the model-free methods based on thermogravimetry and Dmol3 module. Combined with the analysis of activation energy fluctuation and the shifting trend of related mechanism functions, the reduction kinetic system with three main characteristics, namely nucleation, diffusion and concentration fluctuation, was established. In addition, the scanning electron microscopy comparison analysis of the samples from microwave reduction and conventional reduction shows that microwave heating could realize the microstructure Ti–Fe separation and reduce the lattice energy of the titanomagnetite concentrate, thus enhancing the reduction process by 7.68% from the perspective of activation energy.
Peng Liu,Si-yu Gong,Yu-wen Chao, et al. Kinetic study on microwave-enhanced direct reduction of titanomagnetite concentrate with coal[J]. Journal of Iron and Steel Research International, 2023, 30(03): 429-445.
2023, Vol. 30 
, where 
is the lattice energy of titanomagnetite concentrate, and 
is the activation energy of step 1 for the reduction of titanomagnetite concentrate in the route of .jpg){kind=small}
. Ea (583.43 kJ/mol), 
(426.4 kJ/mol), and 
(157.0 kJ/mol) were calculated by the model-free methods based on thermogravimetry and Dmol3 module. Combined with the analysis of activation energy fluctuation and the shifting trend of related mechanism functions, the reduction kinetic system with three main characteristics, namely nucleation, diffusion and concentration fluctuation, was established. In addition, the scanning electron microscopy comparison analysis of the samples from microwave reduction and conventional reduction shows that microwave heating could realize the microstructure Ti–Fe separation and reduce the lattice energy of the titanomagnetite concentrate, thus enhancing the reduction process by 7.68% from the perspective of activation energy.
, where 
is the lattice energy of titanomagnetite concentrate, and 
is the activation energy of step 1 for the reduction of titanomagnetite concentrate in the route of .jpg){kind=small}
. Ea (583.43 kJ/mol), 
(426.4 kJ/mol), and 
(157.0 kJ/mol) were calculated by the model-free methods based on thermogravimetry and Dmol3 module. Combined with the analysis of activation energy fluctuation and the shifting trend of related mechanism functions, the reduction kinetic system with three main characteristics, namely nucleation, diffusion and concentration fluctuation, was established. In addition, the scanning electron microscopy comparison analysis of the samples from microwave reduction and conventional reduction shows that microwave heating could realize the microstructure Ti–Fe separation and reduce the lattice energy of the titanomagnetite concentrate, thus enhancing the reduction process by 7.68% from the perspective of activation energy.