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2013 Vol. 48 No. 10
Published: 2013-10-15
Steelmaking
Materials
Environmental Protection and Energy
Technology Exchange
Raw Materials and Ironmaking
6
LIU Cheng-song，,LI Jing-she,GAO Ya-wei, ,TANG Hai-yan，
Experiment on the Sintering Proportioning Optimization
Based on micro sintering experiments, the high temperature properties of six kinds of iron ores in a certain steel plant, such as the assimilation and liquid phase fluidity, were measured and compared, and their influencing factors were also analyzed. Then according to their high temperature properties, the ore matching principles were put forward and four groups of optimizing ore matching schemes were designed, based on which, sinter pot tests were carried out to verify the application of these schemes. Results show that, compared with the original ore blending scheme in the steel plant, better sinter production and quality as well as lower sintering cost were obtained by ore matching optimization and the feasibility of sintering proportioning optimization methods based on high temperature characteristics of the six types of iron ore fines were verified, which provides a theoretical basis and technical support for optimizing the sintering proportioning in this steel plant.
2013 Vol. 48 (10): 6-11 [
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12
WU Wei-nan,Lv Qing,WAN Xin-yu,BAI Rui-guo, LI Feng-chen,CHEN Shu-jun
Effect of Sintering Basic Characteristics for Iron Ore Fines on Drum Strength in Chenggang
The content of vanadium and titanium in Chenggang iron powder is high, which makes the sinter’s RDI and drum strength bad. By the sintering basic characteristics tests of three kinds of iron ore in Chengde Iron and Steel Co., Ltd., and compared with the drum strength of single iron ore sintering under the same condition, the effect of sintering basic characteristics (such as assimilability, fluidity of liquid phase, self-intensity of adhere phase, crystal intensity) on drum strength in Chengde Iron and Steel Co., Ltd. was investigated, which will provide basis for reasonable iron ore blending.
2013 Vol. 48 (10): 12-16 [
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17
CAO Ying-jie,ZHANG Jian-liang,,GUO Hong-wei,,DU Shen,BAI Jun-li
Clustering Analysis and Application of Operative Profile in Guofeng No.1 Blast Furnace Based on the Algorithm of TwoStep
As the technology of data mining applied to the management of operation profile, making clustering analysis of the thermocouple temperature of blast furnace cooling stave with the algorithm of TwoStep in data mining in Guofeng No. 1 blast furnace, the relationship between the change of operative profile and production index of blast furnace was built, and some rules on the change of operative profile related to gas permeability index were summarized. The data on the process of practical production in Guofeng in November 2012 was taken an example to monitor the application results of the clustering analysis online. The practice has proved that the result of clustering analysis can effectively monitor and control the change of operative, and it can provide reliable information on the blast furnace monitoring.
2013 Vol. 48 (10): 17-22 [
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Steelmaking
23
GE Yun-zong, , YAN Hui-cheng , WANG Jian-jun,CAO Chun-lei, QIU Sheng-tao
Best Composition of CaO-Al2O3 Slag System for Refining of 20CrMnTiH Steel
The effect of the refining slag composition changing on total oxygen content and inclusions was investigated. The mutual influences between slag and molten steel were studied by factsage thermodynamic calculation software. The results show that the effects of slag indexes are mainly attributed to the changes of activities of CaO and Al2O3. The higher “Al2O3 capacity” induced by the changes of activities of CaO and Al2O3 in slag is helpful to decrease the T.O content. Meanwhile, the proper refining slag content for smelting 20CrMnTiH is proposed on this basis, which is CaO 50%-55%, Al2O3 30%-35%, SiO2 6%-8%, MgO 5%-8%, others≤3%. Through industrial test using this refining slag, the result shows that the total oxygen in slab is reduced to 10×10-6.
2013 Vol. 48 (10): 23-27 [
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28
XU Mian-guang,LIU He-ping,QIU Sheng-tao,XIANG Li
Numerical Simulation of EMBr Effect in the CSP Funnel-Type Mold With Different Width
The slab size can strongly affect the effect of electromagnetic brake (EMBr). Aiming at the compact strip production (CSP) funnel-type mold in the industry, a three-dimensional mathematical model was developed to describe the process of EMBr in the funnel-type mold. The results show that, the EMBr can raise the location of the vortices and make the lower recirculation zone smaller; the EMBr results in obvious reduction of horizontal velocity and the level fluctuation at the meniscus region, at the same time, increase the meniscus temperature; at the mold exit, the EMBr causes slightly more uniform shell growth of wide face and a slightly increase of the solidified shell thickness of narrow face; with the increase of the slab width, the effect of EMBr becomes not obvious.
2013 Vol. 48 (10): 28-35 [
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36
TIAN Lu,BAO Yan-ping,YANG Jian-tao,HUANG Yu-jun
Characteristics of Flow Field During Continuous Casting Solidifying Process
As to control the slab internal quality, the continuous casting solidifying flow was investigated by the succinonitrile-water alloy experiment and solidification transport mathematical model. Under almost continuous casting cooling conditions, it is found that the centerline upwelling and solidification-front downwelling composed the butterfly convection during the whole solidification process. The velocity of solidifying flow stage varies. In the early state of solidification, the flow is rapid and the velocity exponential decay. It becomes steady in the middle stage and gradually reduces to solidus velocity at end. The 2D solidification transport mathematical model based on the continuum model could calculate the flow, temperature and solute concentration results. The numerical results also showed the butterfly convection and stage velocity change law. The results shown that the solidifying front downwelling could increase the solute concentration in the final solidified area and the upwelling wound facilitate solute redistribution in the longitudinal direction. The combined action of upwelling and downwelling determined the final solute distribution.
2013 Vol. 48 (10): 36-41 [
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Materials
50
XU Hong-mei,ZHANG Yu,PAN Xin,WANG Yin-bai
Effect of Ti and B on Continuous Cooling Transformation Behavior and Strength of Weather Resistant Welding Wire Steel
Effect of Ti and B on continuously cooled transformation behavior of weather resistant welding wire steel was investigated by thermal simulation on Gleeble. The results show that, under cooling rates between 0.1 and 1℃/s, increasing titanium content from 0.05% to 0.1% would decrease the start and finish temperature of phase transformation by 12 and 37℃, respectively, as well as increasing the quantities of TiN and decreasing the critical cooling rate for producing M-A constituent from 0.5 to 0.2℃/s. With further addition of 0.002% boron, the start and finish temperature of phase transformation is decreased by 26 and 60℃, also the size and volume fraction of M-A constituents increases and the critical cooling rate for producing M-A constituents is further decreased to 0.1℃/s. Hardness results suggested that tensile strength would improve 56MPa when titanium content increased from 0.05% to 0.1%, and it would further improve 78MPa with addition of 0.002% boron.
2013 Vol. 48 (10): 50-56 [
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57
YU Yin-hong,,PAN Tao,YIN Jian-cheng,SU Hang,MA Yue
Effect of Sulfur Contents on Properties and Inclusions in High Speed Wheel Steels
Effect of different contents of sulfur on the properties and inclusions in the high speed wheel steels was investigated. Inclusions (MnS, Al2O3) in the high speed wheel steels were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and statistically analyzed. The results show that, the impact toughness of the wheel steels increases with the ascending of sulfurs (0.002%-0.014%) at the beginning and gets the maximum at 0.011% then descends, while the strength remain almost the same level. The reason is that the increasing of the sulfur contents can effectively promote the covering ablity of MnS to Al2O3, which is good to the toughness of steels. However, too large content of sulfur is harm to the toughness of the wheel steels, for the excessive amount of MnS is got in this case.
2013 Vol. 48 (10): 57-62 [
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70
FAN Jun-kai,DU Feng-shan,,HUANG Hua-gui,LI Jie,LI Yuan
Hydrogen Pressure and Concentration in Steel’s Micropore
Base on the Sieverts law and chemical potential balance between molecular hydrogen in micropore and dissolved atomic hydrogen in steel, the paper introduced several existing calculation models for hydrogen pressure magnitude and hydrogen concentration in micropore. With comparing the most suitable for application of micropore hydrogen pressure magnitude calculation model was identified, and a new micropore hydrogen concentration calculation model was established. Finally, the compressive calculation model for micropore’s hydrogen pressure magnitude and hydrogen concentration was created, and prove the important influence of temperature and porosity on the micropore’s hydrogen pressure magnitude and hydrogen concentration. The established calculation model and analysis results lays the foundation for in-depth study on the flake’s initiation and expansion mechanism in steel.
2013 Vol. 48 (10): 70-75 [
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Environmental Protection and Energy
76
ZHENG Chang-le，ZHANG Jian-liang，XIAO Hong，JIA Feng-juan，QI Cheng-lin，PANG Qin-hai
Research on 3200m3 BF’s PCI Effective Calorific Value of Tangshan Iron and Steel
The concept of PCI effect calorific value was presented, and its formula was derived to discuss its relationship with the theoretical combustion temperature and other factors. Three typical PCI in Tangshan Steel were selected for calculation, the result shows that the effective calorific value and PCR are into a non-linear relationship, and the three coals’ effect calorific values are larger than the heat usually considered, which indicates that the pulverized coal heat in theoretical flame temperature formula in the last needs to be corrected. When PCR is less than 120kg/t the theoretical flame temperature before and after revised are almost in consistent with each other, but with the PCR continue to rise, the revised theoretical flame temperature is bigger than the pre-revised and the difference is growing.
2013 Vol. 48 (10): 76-81 [
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Technology Exchange
82
H Scholz,U Biebricher,G Brückmann,D Esser
ESR Meets the Requirements for Big Forgings
Material efficient ingot production tends to remelting equipment in regard to low density and casting shrinkage cavities in mould casting. Additionally the mechanical properties in ingots are more homogeneous. Ingots remelted in water cooled copper crucibles show high material output resulting in less single ingot weight for same final piece shape and density closed to forged material. Therefore subsequent forging processes do not require high forging ratios to produce high density ingots. Ingots up to 100t can be produced ordinarily in stationary moulds with external bottom heating devices to avoid possible cracking of ingot bottom. Whereas in highly sophisticated ingot withdrawal systems with multiple electrodes exchanged and remelted in a short collar crucible will start to be economical from 50t onwards. Big ESR furnaces with electrode exchange techniques offer the possibility to produce large sized ingots extending the maximum casting weight out of a single ladle in a steel shop. The design of such a furnace to produce 145t ingots will be presented. Highly sophisticated alloys prone to cracking can be produced by applying thermal isolation.
2013 Vol. 48 (10): 82-86 [
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