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	2016 Vol. 51 No. 3
	Published: 2016-03-15

	1	BI Xue-gong，LI Jiu-lin，LI Peng，ZHOU Jin-dong
		Brief discussions on German industry 4.0， Chinese manufacture 2025 and intelligent metallurgy
		Aiming at the popular topics of the German Industry 4.0 and Chinese Manufacture 2025， their strategic key points and goals were briefly introduced， the relationship between them was analyzed and the tasks of metallurgical industry intelligent manufacture were proposed in this paper. The kernel contents of the German Industry 4.0 and Chinese Manufacture 2025 are the comprehensive application of networking techniques and the realization of intelligent manufacture and individualized production in order to adapt to double win of manufacturing industries and customers and to the change of the social population structure. The weakness of fundamental capacity of advanced basic technologies and industrial technique basis is the bottleneck of the development of China metallurgical industry intelligent manufacture. The mission of those who are devoting to the high education and scientific study of the metallurgical engineering discipline is to promote the fundamental research of metallurgical manufacture technologies to even higher levels by means of learning and combined utilization of advanced computer and networking technologies， in the meanwhile to develop different kinds of process application software and tools and to train more highly qualified applied talents.
		2016 Vol. 51 (3): 1-8 [Abstract] ( 1020 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 0KB] ( 100 )

	9	ZHANG Tong-zhong，SHE Xue-feng，XUE Qing-guo，WANG Guang，WANG Jing-song
		Different coal injection on unconsumed pulverized coal in BF dust
		The amount of injected coal was approximately 160 kg for a BF in a domestic steel mills recently， a study on BF dust（gravitational dust and cloth-bag dust）has been carried on when the Chenxu coal and the Zhenghe coal were injected in different period.The particle composition and the distribution of particles in BF dust showed that the diameter of particles in gravitational dust was mainly among 10 μm and 110 μm， 96% particles were smaller than 110 μm； while 60% particles in gravitational dust lied among 74 to 297 μm.The particles of cloth-bag dust mainly scattered from 3 to 30 μm， 80% particles were smaller than 20 μm. The area ratio of different microscopic structure in BF dust has been given out according to petrographical microanalysis. Based on the utilization degree of the unconsumed pulverized coal and the coke， the ratio of unconsumed pulverized coal of different coals in the current BF was determined according to the chemical and petrographical analysis. Finally， the influence of different coal injection on the amount of unconsumed pulverized coal was evaluated. It could be preliminary concluded that the reactivity and the combustibility for both coals were well， while the content of unconsumed pulverized coal in BF dust was smaller when injecting Zhenghe coal into BF. And it is reliabe to use the combustibility and reactivity-which can be obtained by laboratory thermogravimetric method-as two key indexs for evaluating the utilization of coal in actual plant production.
		2016 Vol. 51 (3): 9-15 [Abstract] ( 898 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 0KB] ( 54 )

	16	DING Hong-qi，，YANG Chun-jie，SONG Zhi-huan
		Application of mathematical model of combustion input and output of hot blast stove
		In the current study， a stove control model was proposed based on the mechanism model and the identification model to study the variation of the instantaneous input and output in the stove combustion process. In the present model， the mechanism model was first established to calculate the input and output during the combustion operation of stove， then the identification model was developed and verified using plant data， finally both models were then comprehensively applied to generate a new input and output model. Simulation analyses were performed to investigate the input-output relationships in these three models. Results show that the comprehensive application of the first two models can better control the stove combustion process， damp the disturbance slowly to achieve full combustion， realize the longevity under high air temperature， and thus make the hot blast stove more energy-efficient and environmentally friendly.
		2016 Vol. 51 (3): 16-21 [Abstract] ( 660 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 0KB] ( 56 )

	22	CHEN Yi-sheng，SU Hong-liang，YAN Yong-wang，CHEN Hong-fei，ZHAO Kai
		Phosphorus behavior on hydrogen selective-reduction of Nb-bearing iron ore powder
		The phosphorus behavior of Nb-bearing iron ore powder in Bayan Obo was studied through the experiment of hydrogen selective reduction-melting-separation-Nb-bearing iron smelting. Under the experimental conditions， niobium-bearing iron ore powder containing 0.100% phosphorus was reduced by hydrogen and then melted， the niobium enriched slag which contained 2.00% niobium was yielded and contained phosphorus less than 0.010%. Meanwhile the iron contained niobium of 0.008% and phosphorus of 0.230%. And niobium concentration in the niobium enriched slag was 3.5 times in the niobium-bearing iron ore powder. The experimental results indicated that Ca3P2O8 can also be reduced by hydrogen when iron oxides were reduced by hydrogen. So the aim that phosphorus and iron elements were separated from the niobium enriched slag had been achieved.
		2016 Vol. 51 (3): 22-26 [Abstract] ( 704 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 0KB] ( 55 )

	27	HONG Lu-kuo，，AI Li-qun，CHENG Rong，SUN Cai-jiao，SUI Yan-long
		Experimental of gas-solid decarburization of Fe-C alloy ribbon
		The current study proposed a novel short process for carbon steel strip production， twin-roll iron strip casting and high temperature gas-solid decarburization. The Fe-C alloy ribbons was decarburized by introducing the oxidizing gas of Ar-H2-H2O into the horizontal tube furnace with controlled atmosphere for producing low carbon steel ribbons. By the orthogonal design and analysis experimental methods， the water temperature (40-60 ℃)， the decarbonization time (5-50 min) and the decarbonization temperature (920-1 140 ℃) were studied. The results show that it is beneficial for the decarbonization with higher decarbonization temperature， higher water temperature and longer decarbonization time. But the most significant factor is the decarbonization temperature， followed by the decarbonization time and the water temperature has little influence. When the decarbonization time is 25 min， the average mass percent of carbon of ribbons (thickness：2.0， 1.0， 0.5 mm) with 4.05%C can be decreased to 1.12%， 0.41% and 0.017% under the condition of decarbonization temperature with 1 140 ℃ and water temperature with 60 ℃. Based on these results， it is confirmed that it is feasible that Fe-C alloy ribbon is decarburized by gas-solid reaction for producing medium and low carbon steel ribbon in controlled atmosphere.
		2016 Vol. 51 (3): 27-31 [Abstract] ( 726 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 0KB] ( 59 )

	32	ZHANG Jing，YANG Long，WU Hui-ping
		Influence of nozzle submerged depth on fluctuation of liquid level with electromagnetic stirring
		Billet quality is affected by the molten steel level behavior in mold. The molten steel level is a rotating parabolic surface with electromagnetic stirring. The liquid level fluctuation near the outlet of nozzle will be increased with the growing stirring intensity and casting speed， which can cause the slag entrapment to happen. Based on the parameters of [?]250 mm round billet continuous casting with mold electromagnetic stirrer in a steel plant， the combined method of turbulence model and multiphase-flow model(VOF) was adopted to establish the mathematical model and study the influence of nozzle submerged depth on the liquid level fluctuation in the mold with electromagnetic stirring. The results show that： increasing the submerged depth of nozzle can decrease the slag entrapment， which was caused by large current intensity and large casting speed.
		2016 Vol. 51 (3): 32-38 [Abstract] ( 823 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 0KB] ( 56 )

	39	QIAN Guo-yu，LI Liu-yi，，CHENG Guo-guang，ZHANG Jian-guo，LI Yu，WANG Cheng-shun
		Deep desulfurization process of stainless steel in the GOR converter
		In order to achieve deep desulfurizationin 70 t GOR converter of AISI304 stainless steel，the influences of basicity of reduction slag， the amount of residual Cr2O3 in reduction slag and the initial sulfur content of molten steel on the desulfurization efficiency based on EAF-GOR-LF-CC process were studied by sampling the initial molten steel，both the final molten and slag in GOR converter. Results showed that the basicity of slag had a great influence on the desulfurization efficiency. The influence of basicity on final sulfur content became stable when the basicity was higher than 1.75， although higher basicity was in favor of desulfurization.A small amount of residual[w((Cr2O3))]in reducing slag of GOR converter still had a negative effect on the desulfurization. A low[w((Cr2O3))]as far as possible canimprovethe efficiency of desulfurization and the apparent distribution ratio of sulphurincreased significantly when[w((Cr2O3))] was lower than 0.3%.The lower initial sulfur content， the easier the lower final sulfur content. The lowest[w([Sf])]was easy to reach below 0.004% when the initial[w([Ss])]was less than 0.07%.Optimized apparent distribution ratio of sulphurwith the change of basicity，[w((Cr2O3))] and initial sulfur content[w([Ss])]was obtained based on the industrial results at the end of GOR converter.
		2016 Vol. 51 (3): 39-43 [Abstract] ( 824 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 0KB] ( 65 )

	44	ZHU Li-long，HE Sheng-ping，，MAO Jing-hua，ZHAO He-ming，HAN Zhi-wei，WANG Qian
		Systematization of mold fluxes for ultra-thick slab continuous casting
		The characteristic differences between traditional mold fluxes for medium or thick slabs continuous casting and ultra-thick slabs continuous casting were analyzed based on the technological characteristics of ultra-thick slabs casting. Then，the systematization of mold fluxes was conducted after the discussion of solidification features of for different grades，and three mold flux groups were proposed：high carbon steels，peritectic steels and micro alloying steels with medium carbon content. Based on the classification，the control ranges of melting temperature、viscosity、break temperature and crystallization ratio of mold fluxes were put forward. Commercial production data reveals that with proposed mold fluxes，smooth and stable casting can be obtained and no sintering is observed. The thickness of liquid slag layer and consumption are suitable. The surface quality of slabs is perfect and the continuous casting process is smooth.
		2016 Vol. 51 (3): 44-48 [Abstract] ( 928 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 0KB] ( 71 )

	49	WANG Sheng-dong，QIAN Hong-zhi ，，ZHAN Mei-zhu，PENG Guo-zhong，LIAO Hui，
		Measurement and prediction of solidification process during continuous casting steel at high casting speed
		According to the high casting speed experiment at the plant of Shougang Jingtang United Iron and Steel Co.，Ltd.，the rivet pin shooting technique has been adopted for the measurement of solidifying shell thickness to verify the thermal transformation model. It is shown that the models could meet the requirement of the accurate process control during 1.9-2.4 m/min high casting speed，if only the stability and precision of the caster structure and water spraying operation are in good conditions. And combined with mathematic model and rivet pin shooting，the solidification process can be predicted accurately to optimize the secondary cooling and soft reduction technique.
		2016 Vol. 51 (3): 49-53 [Abstract] ( 880 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 0KB] ( 48 )

	54	XU Zhi-qiang，，SUN Mu-hua，，WANG Chao，，DU Feng-shan，
		Application of undetermined coefficient method in the research for boundary heat flux of twin-roll strip casting process
		In the process of the twin-roll strip casting simulation research，the contacting boundary heat flux between molten pool and casting roll is the key. By studying the mechanism of metal solidification and heat transfer，the contacting boundary heat flux distribution function form between crystallization roller and molten pool was proposed. Using the initial position of solidification，the thickness of thin strip，and combined with the principle of conservation of energy，thus the unknown parameters of the function are determined. The difficult problem of the air gap thermal resistance between the casting roll and shell in traditional approach is avoided here. Applying the proposed boundary heat flux function to solve the casting roll temperature field in a certain experiment，the solved results are coincided with the measured results，and it indicates the proposed boundary heat flux distribution is consistent with the actual distribution.
		2016 Vol. 51 (3): 54-58 [Abstract] ( 777 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 0KB] ( 74 )

	59	CHEN Qing-an，LIU Xin，LIU Li-zhong，WU Zhi-qiang，LIU Xiang-hua，
		Optimizing algorithm of load margin for bar and wire rough mills
		In order to make full use of bar and wire rough mills，the ideology of load margin was applied to optimize to calculate rolling schedule. For the feature of bar and wire rough rolling，that flat roller and vertical roller could roll alternately，the iterative calculations were done alternately along the height and width of work piece. And the dichotomy was used during the iterative calculations in order to avoid iteration non-convergence. Combining the rolling schedule with the actual production data，it shows that：the load margins of each stand are at same level after optimization，and the deviation is less than 3%，which can be more reasonable to develop the equipment ability.
		2016 Vol. 51 (3): 59-62 [Abstract] ( 789 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 0KB] ( 71 )

	63	YAN Meng，HUANG Hua-gui，SHI Ying-qin，DU Feng-shan
		Virtual modeling and system simulation of cold rolled strip based on model-driven
		In order to explore the model driven and human-interactive technology for shape display of virtual strip and component motion of virtual mill，a virtual reality modeling technology was presented based on the Elevation Grid node of VRML with the outlet strip tension transverse distribution and buckling distinguishing model of the cold rolled strip. And the quantitative analytic prediction and presentation of 3D dynamic visualization of side shape and intermediate shape defects are realized. The measured data obtained in the exit of 2 230 mm tandem cold mill group in a domestic factory has been used to verify the prediction results of the defect geometric parameters on the shape defects and buckling distinguishing model，the comparison results show that they are in good coincidence. And then， aiming at the 650 mm UCM single stand reversing cold rolling mill，with the help of the toolbox of MATLAB/ Simulink 3D Animation， the rolling mill， strip， workshop and the Simulink model of rolling process were integrated which provide foundation to the virtual reality system development for cold rolling process.
		2016 Vol. 51 (3): 63-67 [Abstract] ( 768 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 0KB] ( 58 )

	68	LIU Gang，MO Cheng-gang，LI Chao，SHA Yu-hui
		Solid powder siliconizing of silicon steel shin strip produced by asymmetric rolling
		In order to investigate the possibility to reduce the temperature and the halide content in a siliconizing process through the formation of nanostructure on the surface layer of steel strip， 3.0% and 0.5% silicon steel samples were selected to be treated by means of asymmetric rolling and solid powder siliconizing treatment， the microstructural evolution， the phase transformation and the compositions were examined using different techniques. Experimental results show that， nanocrystallines form on the top surface layer of both kinds of samples after the asymmetric rolling with a large reduction， the grain sizes are 50 nm and 700-120 nm， respectively. After the siliconizing at 500 ℃ in the mixture of Si powder and 5% halide， compound layers can be obtained for both of the asymetric rolled samples， a higher Si content in original sample is helpful for the reduction of the initial siliconizing temperature. The thickness of the compound layer is observed to increase significantly with the increment of the siliconizing temperature and the duration at higher temperature， however remains unchanged with the increment of halide content. With the increment of siliconizing temperature and halide content， phase transformations in the compound layer are detected as follows： Fe3Si→FeSi＋Fe3Si→FeSi.
		2016 Vol. 51 (3): 68-72 [Abstract] ( 758 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 0KB] ( 56 )

	73	FU Song-yue，REN Yong，CHENG Xiao-ru，WANG Hao，FAN Jing-guo，SHEN Jin-long
		Descaling property of third oxide scale of high carbon steel wire
		The descaling property of the oxide scale of high carbon steel wire were researched by the method of bending based on the electronic universal testing machine. Various characteristics of the samples of oxide scale were obtained through different cooling experiments. The descaling size of oxide scale samples with different thickness and microstructure was obtained by bending test. The results show that the descaling property of oxide scale was positively related to its thickness and negatively to the thickness ratio of FeO and Fe3O4. The descaling process of the oxide scale was affected by the stress condition and the descaling effect was better by compressive stress rather than tensile stress. Increasing oxidation temperature and oxidation time， reducing the cooling rate below 600 ℃ and increasing the amount of Fe3O4 can all improve the descaling property of the oxide scale.
		2016 Vol. 51 (3): 73-77 [Abstract] ( 771 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 0KB] ( 48 )

	78	FU Pei-mao，CAO Yong-lu，MA Rui，WANG Yu-tian
		Strengthening mechanism of 700 MPa grade high strength low alloy hot rolled ferritic steel strip
		As a novel kind of low-cost structural materials， 700 MPa grade high strength low alloy hot rolled ferritic steel strip has been widely used in the construction machinery industry， such as pumps， cranes in recent years. In the current study， to understand the strengthening mechanism， a typical strip steel TS700MC was selected as experimental material. Tensile test and charpy impact test were used to evaluate the strength and the toughness， the microstructure was characterized by OM， SEM and TEM. The results showed that the yield strength， the tensile strength， the elongation and the charpy impact value at －40 ℃ of TS700MC were 715， 825 MPa， 18.5%， 104 J， respectively. The charpy fracture appearance transition temperature was lower than －40 ℃. Virtually fully ferritic microstructure was obtained， and the average grain size was approximately 3.4 μm. High-density dislocations existed in the microstructure. Lots of nano-sized (Ti，Mo，Nb)(C，N) particles precipitated along the dislocation and in the matrix. The high strength results from a combination of solid solution hardening (about 16%)， grain refinement hardening (about 38%)， precipitation and dislocation hardening (about 46%).
		2016 Vol. 51 (3): 78-83 [Abstract] ( 804 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 0KB] ( 58 )

	84	TANG Ping，LI Jing-xiang，ZHOU Hai，PENG Qing-liang，LIU Bing-yu，LI Ju-zhong
		Fundamental and application of converter fluxing agent based on ladle casting residue for dephosphorization
		The effect of calcium aluminate refining ladle casting residue instead of fluorite used as converter fluxing agent on dephosphorization efficiency was investigated in the current study. Firstly， the effect of Al2O3 and CaF2 used as converter fluxing agent on the activity of dephosphorization products and phosphorus capacity were studied through Factsage software， respectively. Then， for futher studies on the substitute proportion and the application effect of refining ladle casting residue instead of fluorite used as converter fluxing agent， hot experiments were performed by the MoSi2 furnace under laboratory conditions. Finally， industrial tests were conducted in Wuhan Steel. The results show that using Al2O3 or CaF2 used as converter fluxing agent， to achieve high dephosphorization rate， the requirement for final slag basicity of both two fluxes was almost the same. Although the fluxing ability of CaF2 was obviously better than that of Al2O3， Al2O3 had a thermodynamic advantage on dephosphrization reaction compared with CaF2. Because Al2O3 in flux could decrease the activity of dephosphorization products and increase the phosphorus capacity of slag. As[w((Al2O3))]was from 5.0% to 9.0%， the dephosphorization rate was equal to that of the flux when[w((CaF2))]was from 3.0% to 6.0%. When the Wuhan Steel ladle refining casting residue was used as converter fluxing agent， the proportion of substituting casting residue for fluorite was 2.5：1. Meanwhile the industrial tests show that， by comparison to the slag using fluorite as fluxing agent， the dephosphorization rate of molten steel in converter endpoint was improved by 3.0 %.
		2016 Vol. 51 (3): 84-88 [Abstract] ( 915 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 0KB] ( 69 )

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