针对国内某企业多元加废钢冶炼模式下,钢液的“脱硫与回硫”现象,对精炼渣系成分进行合理优化。首先,利用热力学软件FactSage 8.1,在1 600 ℃温度条件下,对CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-5%MgO渣系与Q235钢液平衡时的等氧线进行模拟计算;同时利用精炼渣的光学碱度计算出该渣系的硫容量和硫分配比,用来评估精炼渣的脱硫性能。其次,在实验室中设计出5组精炼渣,进行高温钢渣平衡试验,对试验后精炼渣进行XRF成分检测,对钢样采取电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)、氧氮分析仪及碳硫分析仪进行元素检测,利用场发射扫描电子显微镜分析了钢样中夹杂物的形貌和成分,并对其数量及尺寸进行统计分析。最后进行工业试验加以验证。结果表明,通过优化渣系组成,其中CaO、SiO2、Al2O3和MgO质量分数分别控制在47.7%~55.2%,0~20.5%,26.85%~55%和4%~7%范围内,能将钢液中溶解氧控制在0.001%(质量分数)以内。选取成分为54.27%CaO-7.43%SiO2-33.3%Al2O3-5%MgO的渣系,脱硫率可达54.73%,钢中TO亦可降至0.002 1%(质量分数),试验结果验证了热力学计算的准确性。
Abstract
In response to the phenomenon of “desulfurization and resulfurization” of steel during the process of adding scrap steel in a diversified smelting mode of a certain enterprise in China, the composition of refining slag was optimized reasonably. Firstly, the thermodynamic software FactSage 8.1 was used to simulate the iso-oxygen lines of CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-5%MgO slag system and Q235 steel equilibrium was simulated and calculated under the temperature condition of 1 600 ℃. Meanwhile, the sulfur capacity and sulfur distribution ratio of the slag system were calculated by using the optical basicity of the refining slag to measure the desulfurization ability of the refining slag. Secondly, high-temperature equilibrium tests on steel slag were carried out using five different designed refining slags in the laboratory. After the experiment, the composition of the refined slag was determined through XRF analysis, and the elements within the steel samples were analyzed using ICP-AES, an oxygen-nitrogen analyzer, and a carbon-sulfur analyzer. Field emission scanning electron microscopy was employed to study the structure and makeup of inclusions within the steel samples. A statistical evaluation was conducted to assess the number and dimensions of these inclusions. Finally, industrial experiments were conducted to verify the results. The results show that by optimizing the composition of the slag system, the mass fractions of CaO, SiO2, Al2O3, and MgO are controlled within the range of 47.7%-55.2%, 0-20.5%, 26.85%-55%, and 4%-7%, respectively. The mass fraction of dissolved oxygen in the steel can be controlled within 0.001%. A slag system composed of 54.27%CaO, 7.43%SiO2, 33.3%Al2O3, and 5%MgO was selected, achieving a desulfurization rate of 54.73% and reducing the total oxygen in steel to 0.002 1%. The experimental results validated the accuracy of the thermodynamic calculations.
关键词
多元加废钢 /
Q235钢 /
精炼渣 /
热力学 /
硫容量
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Key words
diversified addition of scrap steel /
Q235 steel /
refining slag /
thermodynamics /
sulfur capacity
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脚注
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基金
钢铁冶金及资源利用省部共建教育部重点实验室基金资助项目(FMRUlab202320)
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