A The effect of processing parameters such as hot rolling and heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties was investigated for a new 027mass% C and Ni, Mo-free low alloy martensitic abrasion resistant steel. The three-body impact abrasive wear behavior was also analyzed. The results showed that two-step controlled rolling besides quenching at 880 ℃ and tempering at 170 ℃ could result in optimal mechanical property: the Brinell hardness, tensile strength, elongation and -40 ℃ impact toughness were 531, 1530 MPa, 118% and 58 J, respectively. The microstructure was of fine lath martensite with little retained austenite. Three-body impact abrasive wear results showed that wear mechanism was mainly of plastic deformation fatigue when the impact energy was 2 J, and the relative wear resistance was 104 times higher than that of the same grade compared steel under the same working condition. The optimal hardness and toughness match was the main reason of higher wear resistance.