拉伸平均应力对冶金起重机主梁Q345钢多轴加载下疲劳失效的影响

李飞, 曹夏, 罗振坤, 杨斌军, 刘浩, 李昊

物理测试 ›› 2025, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (3) : 10-18.

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物理测试 ›› 2025, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (3) : 10-18. DOI: 10.13228/j.boyuan.issn1001-0777.20240040

拉伸平均应力对冶金起重机主梁Q345钢多轴加载下疲劳失效的影响

  • 李飞1, 曹夏1, 罗振坤2, 杨斌军2, 刘浩2, 李昊1
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Effect of tensile average stress on multi-axial loading fatigue failure of Q345 steel for metallurgical crane main beam

  • 李飞1, 曹夏1, 罗振坤2, 杨斌军2, 刘浩2, 李昊1
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摘要

疲劳寿命是起重机安全评估的重要指标之一,而平均应力的存在是起重机主梁Q345钢多轴疲劳失效的重要考察因素之一。对冶金起重机主梁主要材质Q345钢开展单轴拉压及纯扭转疲劳试验,得到材料的拉压应力(S)-疲劳寿命(N)曲线及扭转应力S-N曲线,根据试验结果选取一个合适的应力作为多轴疲劳加载的等效应力,在该等效应力下进行不同拉伸平均应力的多轴疲劳试验。对不同拉伸平均应力下的最大正应力、最大切应力的变化及其所在平面方向进行理论推导,利用光学显微镜对疲劳试件表面的裂纹萌生与扩展进行观察,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对试件断口微观形貌特征进行分析,研究Q345钢在不同拉伸平均应力下的失效形式。研究表明:Q345钢多轴疲劳寿命在拉伸平均应力的影响下会明显降低,随着拉伸平均应力的增大,切应力在疲劳失效的过程中逐渐占据主导地位。

Abstract

Fatigue life is one of the important indexes for safety assessment of crane, and the existence of average stress is one of important factors to be considered in multi-axial fatigue failure of Q345 steel for metallurgical crane main beam. Uniaxial tension-compression and pure torsion fatigue tests were conducted on the main material Q345 steel for metallurgical crane main beam, and the tensile stress(S)-fatigue life (N) curves and torsional stress S-N curves of the material were obtained. Based on the test results, an appropriate stress was selected as the equivalent stress for multi-axial fatigue loading, and the multi-axial fatigue fatigue tests with different average tensile stresses were carried out under this equivalent stress.The variations of the maximum normal stress and the maximum shear stress under different tensile average stresses and their corresponding planar directions were theoretically deduced. The initiation and propagation of cracks on the surface of fatigue specimen were observed by optical microscope, and the microscopic morphological characteristics of specimen fracture surface were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) to investigate the failure modes of Q345 steel under different tensile average stresses. The research showed that the multi-axial fatigue life of Q345 steel would be significantly reduced with the influence of tensile average stress. With the increase of tensile average stress, the shear stress gradually played a dominant role in the process of fatigue failure.

关键词

冶金起重机主梁 / 多轴疲劳试验 / 拉伸平均应力 / Q345钢 / 疲劳失效 / 扫描电子显微镜(SEM)

Key words

metallurgical crane main beam / multi-axial fatigue test / tensile average stress / Q345 steel / fatigue failure / scanning electron microscope(SEM)

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李飞, 曹夏, 罗振坤, . 拉伸平均应力对冶金起重机主梁Q345钢多轴加载下疲劳失效的影响[J]. 物理测试, 2025, 43(3): 10-18 https://doi.org/10.13228/j.boyuan.issn1001-0777.20240040
LI Fei, CAO Xia, LUO Zhenkun, et al. Effect of tensile average stress on multi-axial loading fatigue failure of Q345 steel for metallurgical crane main beam[J]. Physics Examination and Testing, 2025, 43(3): 10-18 https://doi.org/10.13228/j.boyuan.issn1001-0777.20240040

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基金

江苏省特种设备安全监督检验研究院科技计划KJ(Y)2023027

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