Nucleation, growth and maturation analysis of MnS during solidification in axle steel ingots
LÜ Nai-bing1, MA Yue1, LIU Ke1, WANG Yong1, SUN Qi-song1, YANG Jie-ming2
1. Research Institute of Technology, Shougang Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100043, China; 2. Shougang Guiyang Special Steel Co., Ltd., Guiyang 550005, Guizhou, China
Abstract:To reduce the non-compliance rate of magnetic particle detection of axles caused by large-size MnS inclusions, the formation, growth, and maturation of MnS in ingot of axle steel were calculated and analyzed based on the second phase precipitation theory and the numerical simulation of ingot solidification. The calculation results show that both the core size of the MnS nucleus and the size increase during the maturation process are in the nanometer. The growth of MnS throughout the solidification process determines the diameter of MnS particles after solidification. The theoretical calculation results show that in the riser, center, and bottom of the vertical center-line of the ingot, the corresponding MnS grew to a size of 156.35,107.37 and 94.96 μm, respectively, which is twice the size of MnS in continuous casting slab and consistent with the practice. The slow solidification process of the ingot is the direct cause of easy MnS growth, which is significantly different from the continuous casting process. Under the existing process conditions, in order to control the MnS size in axle steel ingot, it is critical to reduce the S content of the molten steel and control the S segregation. In order to control the MnS inclusions in the finished product of the axle not exceeding 1.5 grades, it is necessary to reduce w([S]) of the molten steel to below 0.004 3%.
吕迺冰, 马跃, 刘珂, 王勇, 孙齐松, 杨接明. 车轴钢铸锭中MnS的生成、长大、熟化规律分析[J]. 钢铁, 2020, 55(7): 58-64.
LÜ Nai-bing, MA Yue, LIU Ke, WANG Yong, SUN Qi-song, YANG Jie-ming. Nucleation, growth and maturation analysis of MnS during solidification in axle steel ingots[J]. Iron and Steel, 2020, 55(7): 58-64.
[1] 梁益龙,王新,孟阳.国产EA4T车轴钢的显微组织与强韧性研究[J].材料热处理技术,2008(8):23. (LIANG Yi-long, WANG Xin, MENG Yang.Research on microstructure and obdur ability of domestic axles steel EA4T[J].Material and Heat Treatment,2008(8):23.) [2] 张学伟, 杨才福, 柴锋, 等. 热力学分析MnS夹杂物析出与控制[J]. 钢铁, 2019, 54(12): 27.(ZHANG Xue-wei, YANG Cai-fu, CHAI Feng,et al. Precipitation and control of MnS inclusions by thermodynamic analysis[J]. Iron and Steel, 2019, 54(12): 27.) [3] 崔友久,惠卫军,张永健,等.连铸与模铸高铁车轴钢的高周疲劳破坏行为[J]. 中国冶金, 2019, 29(12): 31.(CUI You-jiu, HUI Wei-jun, ZHANG Yong-jian, et al. Comparison of high-cycle fatigue properties of continuous casting and mould casting axle steels[J]. China Metallurgy, 2019, 29(12):31.) [4] 李桂仙.高速铁路车轴材质的优化选择[J].材料工程,2008(2):34.(LI Gui-xian. Optimum selection of high-speed railway axle materials[J].Materials Engineering,2008(2):34.) [5] 李吉东,韩培德,王烽,等. LZ50车轴钢边部增碳低倍缺陷的检验和分析[J]. 中国冶金, 2017, 27(2): 53. (LI Ji-dong,HAN Pei-de,WANG Feng,et al. Inspection and analysis on edge carburization macroscopic defect of LZ50 axle steel[J]. China Metallurgy, 2017, 27(2): 53.) [6] 曹胜利,张庆军,朱立光,等. 基于多重分形研究脉冲磁场周期对凝固组织的影响[J]. 中国冶金, 2019, 29(4): 31.(CAO Sheng-li,ZHANG Qing-jun,ZHU Li-guang,et al. Study on effect of pulsed magnetic field period on solidification structure based on multifractal method[J]. China Metallurgy, 2019, 29(4): 31.) [7] 代华云,郭华,李红光,等. 连铸工艺生产铁道车轴钢力学性能及质量控制[J]. 钢铁, 2015, 50(9): 58. (DAI Hua-yun,GUO Hua,LI Hong-guang,et al. Mechanical properties and quality control of railway axle steel produced by continuous casting[J]. Iron and Steel, 2015, 50(9): 58.) [8] 肖鹏程,赵茂国,朱立光,等. IF钢连铸坯凝固钩数学模拟与试验[J]. 钢铁, 2019, 54(7): 49.(XIAO Peng-cheng,ZHAO Mao-guo,ZHU Li-guang,et al. Mathematical simulation and experiment on solidification hook of IF steel[J]. Iron and Steel, 2019, 54(7): 49.) [9] 闫耀州,崔永亮,徐俊生,等.高速铁路车轴热处理工艺及设备研究[C]//第十一次全国热处理大会论文集.太原:中国机械工业协会,2015:439.(YAN Yao-zhou,CUI Yong-liang,XU Jun-sheng,et al.Research on heat treatment process and equipment of high-speed railway axles[C]// Proceedings of the 11th National Heat Treatment Conference.Taiyuan: China Machinery Industry Association,2015:439.) [10] 孟利,汲家骏,何承绪,等.取向硅钢中MnS粒子形核析出的动力学计算与分析[J].金属热处理,2015,40(3):11.(MENG Li,JI Jia-jun,HE Cheng-xu,et al. Kinetic calculation and analysis of nucleation and precipitation of MnS particles in oriented silicon steel[J].Heat Treatment of Metals,2015,40(3):11.) [11] 裴英豪,张建平,朱涛,等. 硅,铝含量对CSP无取向电工钢热轧板中析出物的影响[J].钢铁,2007,42(8):64.(PEI Ying-hao,ZHANG Jian-ping,ZHU Tao,et al.Effect of silicon and aluminum content on precipitates in CSP non-oriented electrical steel hot rolled sheet[J].Iron and Steel, 2007,42(8):64.) [12] Sun W P, Militzer M, Jonas J J.Strain-induced nucleation of MnS in electrical steels [J]. Metallurgical Transaction,1991,23A:821. [13] Oikawa K, OhtaniH, Ishida K, et al.The control of the morphology of MnS inclusions in steel during solidification[J]. ISIJ International, 1995,35(4):402. [14] Won Y M,Thomas B G.Simple model of micro-segregation during solidification of steels[J]. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A,2001,32(7):1755. [15] Ohnaka I. Mathematical analysis of solute redistribution during solidification with diffusion in solid phase[J]. Transactions of the Iron and Steel Institute of Japan,1986, 26(12):1045. [16] Goto H, Miyazawa K, Honma H. Effect of the primary oxide on the behavior of the oxide precipitating during solidification od steel[J]. ISIJ International,1996,36(5):537. [17] 雍岐龙.钢铁材料中的第二相[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2006.(YONG Qi-long.Second Phase in Steel Materials[M].Beijing:Metallurgical Industry Press,2006.) [18] Dutta B, Palmiere E, Sellars C. Modelling the kinetics of strain induced precipitation in Nb micro-alloyed steels[J]. Acta Matherialia, 2001,49(5):785. [19] Zhang L, Pluschkell W.Nucleation and growth kinetics of inclusions during liquid steel deoxidation[J].Ironmaking and Steelmaking,2003,30(2):106. [20] Wu W, Mao H, Jonsson P. Effect of carbon content on the potency of the intragranular ferrite formation[J]. Steel Research International, 2016,87(3):311. [21] 孟利,汲家骏,何承绪,等.取向硅钢中MnS粒子形核析出的动力学计算与分析[J].金属热处理,2015(3):11.(MENG Li,JI Jia-jun,HE Cheng-xu,et al.Kinetic calculation and analysis of nucleation and precipitation of MnS particles in oriented silicon steel[J].Heat Treatment of Metals,2015(3):11.) [22] WANG Y, YANG J, XIN X. The effect of cooling conditions on the evolution of non-metallic inclusions in high manganese TWIP steels[J]. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B,2016,47(2):1378. [23] Kononov A A, Mogutnov B M. Effect of carbon on precipitation of MnS inhibitor in grain-oriented 3% silicon-steel [J].ISIJ International,1999,39(1):64. [24] Hasegawa H, Nakajima K, Mizoguchi S. The growth of MnS precipitates in Fe-Si alloy[J]. Tetsu-to-Hagane, 2002, 88(9): 493. [25] 雍歧龙,刘清友,刘苏,等.硫化锰与奥氏体之间半共格界面比界面能的理论计算[J].特殊钢,2004, 25(6):16. (YONG Qi-long,LIU Qing-you,LIU Su,et al.Theoretical calculation of specific interfacial energy of semi-coherent interface between manganese sulfide and austenite[J].Special Steel,2004,25(6):16.) [26] 雍歧龙,刘清友,刘苏,等.硫化锰在钢中的Ostwald熟化过程的控制性元素的理论分析[J]. 特殊钢,2004, 25(6):7.(YONG Qi-long,LIU Qing-you,LIU Su,et al. Theoretical analysis of controlling elements of ostwald ripening process of manganese sulfide in steel[J].Special Steel,2004,25(6):7.)