Abstract：With the continuous development of metallurgy, machinery and other fields in China, the requirements for the properties of iron and steel materials are becoming more and more strict. Automotive steel is required not only to lose weight but also to have high enough impact resistance to ensure safety. Wear-resistant materials should have not only strong hardness but also good toughness. The Quenching and Partitioning (Q&P) process of alloy steel was proposed by Professor Speer J G of the United States in 2003 inspired by Trip steel. The ultimate goal is to obtain a certain amount of soft phase retained austenite on the hard phase matrix, so as to improve the plasticity and toughness of the steel. Martensite and bainite ensure strength and retained austenite can improve toughness, and the combination of the two phases has good comprehensive mechanical properties. Different from the traditional process of quenching tempering (QT) inhibiting carbide precipitation, the carbon in the steel is not decomposed into carbide, but is rediffused to austenite in the process of heat preservation, which improves the stability of austenite. Q&P steel has the characteristics of low cost, good performance and relatively simple process, when initially applied to automobile high strength steel, it can greatly reduce the weight of automobile, improve anti-collision ability and reduce the degree of deformation. In succession, some researchers have applied Q&P process to wear-resistant materials, and found that the toughness can be greatly improved with little or no loss of wear resistance. In order to further improve the properties, many researchers at home and abroad have done a lot of research. In the optimization of heat treatment process, it is found that the parameters such as austenitizing temperature, quenching process and partitioning process have great influence on the microstructure and properties of Q&P steel. In terms of alloying element control, not only conventional alloy elements such as C, Mn and Si have important influence on the properties of Q&P steel, micro alloying elements such as Nb and Mo also have great influence on the microstructure and properties of Q&P steel. The proposal and development of Q&P process were described mainly, the research status at home and abroad, and the application of Q&P process were discribed mainly. Finally, the future development of Q&P process is prospected and summarized.
司志旺, 符寒光. 合金钢淬火-配分工艺研究进展[J]. 钢铁, 2022, 57(6): 120-131.
SI Zhi-wang, FU Han-guang. Research progress of quenching and partitioning process for alloy steel[J]. Iron and Steel, 2022, 57(6): 120-131.
[1] Knijf D D, Petrov R, Föjer C. Effect of fresh martensite on the stability of retained austenite in quenching and partitioning steel[J]. Materials Science and Engineering A, 2014, 615:107. [2] 解西强. Q&P工艺获得的新型马氏体钢微观组织及性能研究[D]. 昆明:昆明理工大学, 2008.(XIE Xi-qiang. Study on Microstructure and Properties of New Martensitic Steel Obtained by Q&P Process[D]. Kunming: Kunming University of Science and Technology, 2008.) [3] Wang L, Speer J G. Quenching and partitioning steel heat treatment[J]. Metallography, Microstructure, and Analysis, 2013, 2(4):268. [4] 徐祖耀. 钢热处理的新工艺[J]. 热处理, 2007(1): 1.(XU Zu-yao. New process for heat treatment of steel[J]. Heat Treatment, 2007(1): 1.) [5] 董辰, 江海涛, 陈雨来, 等. 热处理工艺对Q&P钢微观组织及力学性能的影响[J].上海金属, 2009,31(4):1.(DONG Chen, JIANG Hai-tao,CHEN Yu-lai, et al. Effect of heat treatment process on microstructure and mechanical properties of Q&P steel[J]. Shanghai Metals, 2009,31(4):1.) [6] 张君. 低碳高强度Q&P钢的热处理工艺及变形机制研究[D]. 沈阳:东北大学, 2015.(ZHANG Jun. Study on Heat Treatment Process and Deformation Mechanism of Low Carbon and High Strength Q&P Steel[D]. Shenyang: Northeastern University, 2015.) [7] 王文浩. 碳配分工艺对B1500HS钢热成形后组织和力学性能的影响[D]. 秦皇岛:燕山大学, 2019.(WANG Wen-hao. Effect of Carbon Partitioning Process on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of B1500HS Steel after Hot Forming[D]. Qinhuangdao:Yanshan University, 2019.) [8] Matas S, Hehemann R F. Retained austenite and the tempering of martensite[J]. Nature, 1960, 187(4738): 685. [9] Thomas G, Sarikaya M. Lath martensites in carbon steels-Are they bainitic[C]//Proceedings of an International Conference on Solid to Solid Phase Transformations. Pittsburgh, PA, USA:Metallurgical Soc of AIME,1982: 999. [10] Hsu T Y, Xu Z, Li X. Diffusion of carbon during the formation of low-carbon martensite[J]. Scripta Metallurgica, 1983, 17(11):1285. [11] 徐祖耀, 李学敏. 低碳马氏体形成时碳的扩散[J]. 金属学报, 1983(2):7.(XU Zu-yao, LI Xue-min. Diffusion of carbon during the formation of low-carbon martensite[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica, 1983(2):7.) [12] Matlock D K, Brautigam V E, Speer J G. Application of the quenching and partitioning (Q&P) process to a medium-carbon, high-Si microalloyed bar steel[J]. Materials Science Forum, 2003, 426-432:1089. [13] Speer J G, Edmonds D V, Rizzo F C, et al. Partitioning of carbon from supersaturated plates of ferrite, with application to steel processing and fundamentals of the bainite transformation[J]. Current Opinion in Solid State and Materials Science, 2004, 8(3):219. [14] Hultgren A. Isothermal transformation of austenite[J]. Transactions of the American Society for Metals, 1947,39: 915. [15] Hillert M, Ågren J. On the definitions of paraequilibrium and orthoequilibrium[J]. Scripta Materialia, 2004, 50(5):697. [16] Speer J G, Matlock D K, Decooman B C, et al. Comments on "On the definitions of paraequilibrium and orthoequilibrium" by M. Hillert and J. Agren[J]. Scripta Materialia, 2005, 52(1): 83. [17] 徐祖耀. 淬火-碳分配-回火(Q-P-T)工艺浅介[J]. 金属热处理, 2009, 34(6):1.(XU Zu-yao. Brief introduction of quenching-carbon partitioning-tempering (Q-P-T) process[J]. Heat Treatment of Metals, 2009, 34(6):1.) [18] 钟宁. 高强度Q&P钢和Q-P-T钢的研究[D]. 上海:上海交通大学, 2009.(ZHONG Ning. Study on High Strength Q&P Steel and Q-P-T Steel[D]. Shanghai: Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2009.) [19] Edmonds D V, He K, Rizzo F C,et al. Quenching and partitioning martensite-A novel steel heat treatment[J]. Materials Science and Engineering A, 2006, 438: 25. [20] Toji Y, Miyamoto G, Raabe D. Carbon partitioning during quenching and partitioning heat treatment accompanied by carbide precipitation[J]. Acta Materialia, 2015, 86: 137. [21] 娄航宇. QP工艺对超高强度马氏体钢组织和性能的影响[D].宜昌:三峡大学, 2020.(LOU Hang-yu. Effect of QP Process on Microstructure and Properties of Ultra-High Strength Martensitic Steel[D]. Yichang: China Three Gorges University, 2020.) [22] 卢兵. 超高强度中锰Q&P钢组织演变及力学性能研究[D]. 沈阳:东北大学, 2018.(LU Bing. Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Ultra-High Strength Medium Manganese Q&P Steel[D]. Shenyang: Northeastern University, 2018.) [23] Grajcar A, Krztoń H. Effect of isothermal bainitic transformation temperature on retained austenite fraction in C-Mn-Si-Al-Nb-Ti TRIP-type steel[J]. Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, 2009, 35(2): 169. [24] DING R, TANG D, ZHAO A M, et al. Effect of intercritical temperature on quenching and partitioning steels originated from martensitic pre-microstructure[J]. Journal of Materials Research, 2014, 29(21): 2525. [25] Kähkönen J, Pierce D T, Speer J G, et al. Quenched and partitioned CMnSi steels containing 0.3 wt.% and 0.4 wt.% carbon[J]. JOM, 2016, 68(1):210. [26] LUO Y H, LIU H S, JIN Z P, et al. Quenching and partitioning of ultrahigh carbon (1.69 Mass% C) steel[J]. Metallography, Microstructure, and Analysis, 2016, 5(2):124. [27] 吝章国. 超高强中锰钢的Q&P热处理工艺及变形机制研究[D].北京:北京科技大学, 2017.(LIN Zhang-guo. Study on Q&P Heat Treatment Process and Deformation Mechanism of Ultra-High Strength Medium Manganese Steel[D].Beijing: University of Science and Technology Beijing, 2017.) [28] CHEN L S, ZHANG J Y, TIAN Y Q, et al. Effect of Mn pre-partitioning on C partitioning and retained austenite of Q&P steels[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica, 2015, 51(5): 527. [29] Maheswari N, Chowdhury S G, Kumar K C H, et al. Influence of alloying elements on the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties in quenched and partitioned steels[J]. Materials Science and Engineering A, 2014, 600:12. [30] Linke B M, Gerber T, Hatscher A, et al. Impact of Si on microstructure and mechanical properties of 22MnB5 hot stamping steel treated by quenching and partitioning (Q&P)[J]. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 2018, 49(1): 54. [31] 高鹏飞. 1 300 MPa级淬火配分钢的组织调控及形变机制研究[D]. 北京:北京科技大学, 2021.(GAO Peng-fei. Study on Microstructure Control and Deformation Mechanism of 1 300 MPa Grade Quenched Partitioned Steel[D]. Beijing: University of Science and Technology Beijing, 2021.) [32] 康人木, 刘国权, 吴文东, 等. 以铝替硅的Q-P-T钢的工艺设计与力学性能[J]. 钢铁研究学报, 2012, 24(8): 32.(KANG Ren-mu, LIU Guo-quan, WU Wen-dong, et al. Process design and mechanical properties of Q-P-T steel with aluminum instead of silicon[J]. Journal of Iron and Steel Research, 2012, 24(8): 32.) [33] 陈雨来, 董辰, 江海涛,等. Si、Al元素对Q&P钢连续冷却的相变及组织影响[J]. 热加工工艺, 2010, 39(2): 10.(CHEN Yu-lai, DONG Chen, JIANG Hai-tao, et al. Effect of Si and Al elements on phase transformation and microstructure of Q&P steel during continuous cooling[J]. Hot Working Technology, 2010, 39(2): 10.) [34] Oliveira P G B D, Aureliano R T J, Casteletti L C, et al. Effect of low-temperature austempering and quenching and partitioning treatments on adhesive wear resistance of high-silicon multiphase steels[J]. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 2020,29(6):3542. [35] Kim K, Lee S J. Effect of Ni addition on the mechanical behavior of quenching and partitioning (Q&P) steel[J]. Materials Science and Engineering A, 2017, 698: 183. [36] 邓杰,宋新莉,孙新军,等.含钛中锰钢淬火-配分组织及力学性能[J].钢铁,2021,56(6):103.(DENG Jie, SONG Xin-li, SUN Xin-jun, et al. Quenched-partitioning microstructure and mechanical properties of medium manganese steel containing titanium[J]. Iron and Steel, 2021,56(6):103.) [37] Tsuchiyama T, Tobata J, Tao T, et al. Quenching and partitioning treatment of a low-carbon martensitic stainless steel[J]. Materials Science and Engineering A, 2012, 532: 585. [38] 刘赓. 快速热处理工艺对Q&P钢组织性能影响机理研究[D]. 北京:北京科技大学, 2017.(LIU Geng. Effect Mechanism of Rapid Heat Treatment Process on Microstructure and Properties of Q&P Steel[D]. Beijing: University of Science and Technology Beijing, 2017.) [39] 闫述. 高强塑积Q&P钢组织性能研究[D]. 沈阳:东北大学, 2012.(YAN Shu. Study on Microstructure and Properties of High Strength Plastic Product Q&P Steel[D]. Shenyang: Northeastern University, 2012.) [40] YAN S, LIU X H, LIU W J, et al. Comparative study on microstructure and mechanical properties of a C-Mn-Si steel treated by quenching and partitioning (Q&P) processes after a full and intercritical austenitization[J]. Materials Science and Engineering A, 2017, 684: 261. [41] SUN J, YU H. Microstructure development and mechanical properties of quenching and partitioning (Q&P) steel and an incorporation of hot-dipping galvanization during Q&P process[J].Materials Science and Engineering A, 2013, 586:100. [42] 朱帅,康永林,邝霜,等.淬火-贝氏体区配分工艺及钢的组织性能[J].钢铁,2014,49(6):69.(ZHU Shuai, KANG Yong-lin, KUANG Shuang, et al. Quenching-bainite partitioning process and microstructure properties of steel[J]. Iron and Steel,2014,49(6):69.) [43] LIU M, WANG J, ZHANG Q, et al. Optimized properties of a quenching and partitioning steel by quenching at fine martensite start temperature[J]. Metals and Materials International, 2021, 27(8): 2473. [44] Tariq F, Baloch R A. One-step quenching and partitioning heat treatment of medium carbon low alloy steel[J]. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 2014, 23(5):1726. [45] Bagliani E P, Santofimia M J, Zhao L, et al. Microstructure, tensile and toughness properties after quenching and partitioning treatments of a medium-carbon steel[J]. Materials Science and Engineering A, 2013, 559: 486. [46] Acharya P P, Bhat R. Structure-property correlation of quenching and partitioning heat treated silicon-manganese steel[J]. Silicon, 2019, 11(3): 1525. [47] 王建军, 焦贵鹏, 刘沿东, 等.Q&P热处理工艺对C-Si-Mn钢组织性能的影响[J].材料热处理学报, 2013,34(3):104.(WANG Jian-jun, JIAO Gui-peng, LIU Yan-dong, et al. Effect of Q&P heat treatment process on microstructure and properties of C-Si-Mn steel[J]. Transactions of Materials and Heat Treatment, 2013,34(3):104.) [48] 李俊生,何方.配分温度对于Q&P钢成形性的影响规律[J].中国冶金,2020,30(7):41.(LI Jun-sheng, HE Fang. Influence of partitioning temperature on formability of Q&P steel[J]. China Metallurgy, 2020,30(7):41.) [49] 朱帅, 邝霜, 姜英花,等. 热处理工艺对Q&P钢组织与性能的影响[J].金属热处理, 2013,38(10):1.(ZHU Shuai, KUANG Shuang, JIANG Ying-hua, et al. Effect of heat treatment process on microstructure and properties of Q&P steel[J]. Heat Treatment of Metals, 2013,38(10):1.) [50] 于浩,姜勇,曲选.北京市发展第三代汽车用钢产业浅析[J].新材料产业,2014(1):8.(YU Hao, JIANG Yong, QU Xuan. Analysis on the development of the third generation automobile steel industry in Beijing[J]. Advanced Materials Industry, 2014(1):8.) [51] LIU H P, LU X W, JIN X J, et al. Enhanced mechanical properties of a hot stamped advanced high-strength steel treated by quenching and partitioning process[J]. Scripta Materialia, 2011, 64(8): 749. [52] 庄宝潼, 唐荻, 江海涛, 等. 热处理工艺对汽车用Q&P钢组织与力学性能的影响[C]//第八届(2011)中国钢铁年会.北京:中国金属学会, 2011:3756. (ZHUANG Bao-tong, TANG Di, JIANG Hai-tao, et al. Effect of heat treatment process on microstructure and mechanical properties of Q&P steel for automobile[C]//The 8th (2011) China Steel Annual Conference. Beijing: The Chinese Society for Metals, 2011:3756.) [53] WANG L, FENG W. Development and application of Q&P sheet steels[J]. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011: 255. [54] Wang L,Speer J G. Quenching and partitioning steel heat treatment[J]. Metallography, Microstructure, and Analysis,2013,2(4):268. [55] 魏元生.第三代高强度汽车钢的性能与应用[J].金属热处理,2015,40(12):34.(WEI Yuan-sheng. Performance and application of the third-generation high strength automotive steel[J]. Heat Treatment of Metals,2015,40(12):34.) [56] 仝健民, 李明义. 材料的冲击磨料磨损耐磨性及其疲劳磨损机制[J]. 机械工程材料, 1993(3):13.(TONG Jian-min, LI Ming-yi. Impact abrasive wear resistance and fatigue wear mechanism of materials[J]. Materials for Mechanical Engineering, 1993(3):13.) [57] LAI J P, YU J X, WANG J. Effect of quenching-partitioning treatment on the microstructure, mechanical and abrasive properties of high carbon steel[J]. International Journal of Minerals Metallurgy and Materials, 2021, 28(4): 676. [58] 丁丽平. Q&P热处理工艺对低合金耐磨钢组织和性能的影响研究[D]. 郑州:郑州大学, 2013.(DING Li-ping. Effect of Q&P Heat Treatment Process on Microstructure and Properties of Low Alloy Wear Resistant Steel[D]. Zhengzhou: Zhengzhou University, 2013.) [59] ZHOU W, SUN Y, WANG Q, et al. Effect of quenching and partitioning process to low-alloy wear resistant steel[J]. Journal of Materials Research, 2016, 31(5): 663. [60] 肖学文, 许秀飞. QP钢汽车板热处理工艺与设备探讨[J]. 轧钢, 2020,37(2):1.(XIAO Xue-wen, XU Xiu-fei. Discussion on heat treatment process and equipment of QP steel automobile plate[J]. Steel Rolling, 2020,37(2):1.)
2022, Vol. 57 
