Microstructures of rail steels over a century in China
MAN Ting-hui1, LIU Kun1, JIANG Chang1, PENG Wei1,2, LIU Teng-shi1,2, DONG Han1,2
1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; 2. Zhejiang Institute of Advanced Materials, Shanghai University, Jiashan 314113, Zhejiang, China
Abstract:Reviewing the evolution of the microstructures of rail steels over a century,is better to understand the development of rail steels in terms of material design,production technology and application performance requirements. The microstructures of eight rail steels which are the representative of typical periods in China over a century,were characterized using a combination of optical microscopy,scanning electron microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD),and the evolution of their microstructures was discussed. The results showed that the matrix of the eight rail steels changed from ferrite with a small amount of pearlite,to reticulated ferrite+pearlite,and then to full pearlite,which should be related to the carbon content increasing from 0.15% to 0.81%. Moreover,the average grain diameter of pearlite colony gradually decreased for the rail steels produced in 1911 to 2021,which indicated that the eight rail steels exhibited an increase in the hardness and strength. In addition,it was found that the proportion of low angle grain boundaries for the eight rail steels gradually increased,and the distribution of grain boundary misorientation was more concentrated in the low angle range based on the diagram of the diagram of Inverse Pole Figure plus Grain Boundary obtained by EBSD results. These changes could lower the hindrance of dislocation slip and the probability of crack nucleation. In the distribution diagram of Kernel Average Misorientation (KAM)+Grain Boundary,the pearlite microstructures hold a higher KAM value than the ferrite microstructures in the rail steels,which indicates that the geometrically necessary dislocation density of the pearlite microstructures is higher than that of ferrite microstructures,thus the higher strain should be generated during plastic deformation. From the distribution diagram of Schmidt factor (SF)+Grain Boundary,it is known that the higher SF value results in the higher probability that initiates the slip system {110}<111> and is easier to form {110}<111> textures.
满廷慧, 刘坤, 江畅, 彭伟, 刘腾轼, 董瀚. 中国百年钢轨钢的微观组织[J]. 钢铁, 2022, 57(12): 131-140.
MAN Ting-hui, LIU Kun, JIANG Chang, PENG Wei, LIU Teng-shi, DONG Han. Microstructures of rail steels over a century in China[J]. Iron and Steel, 2022, 57(12): 131-140.
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