Research progress of ultimate carbon emission in BOF steelmaking process
ZHU Rong1,2,3, REN Xin1,2,3, XUE Bo-tao2,3
1. Carbon Neutrality Innovation Institute, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; 2. Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering School, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; 3. Beijing Key Laboratory of Special Melting and Preparation of High-End Metal Materials, Beijing 100083, China
Abstract：China's steel industry has made great progress,and its annual steel output ranks first in the world for many years. The resulting environmental pressure such as CO2 emission has become increasingly prominent. It is very important to reduce CO2 emission in steel industry. The CO2 emission per ton of steel produced by long process steelmaking is about 3.5 times that produced by short process steelmaking. How to reduce the carbon emission of long process steelmaking is of great significance for the low-carbon development of the steel industry. The ultimate carbon emission technology of converter steelmaking is proposed,the emission reduction capacity and potential of the long process steelmaking from three aspects of "low carbon hot metal","low carbon smelting" and "low carbon raw materials" is studied and analyzed. In terms of low-carbon hot metal production,according to the existing technology that can be realized,the carbon emission of hot metal production can be reduced from 1.7 t/t to 0.8 t/t per ton of hot metal. In terms of low-carbon raw materials,the ultimate carbon emission of raw and auxiliary materials required for production of converter steelmaking process can be reduced from 197.5 kg/t of current carbon emission per ton of steel to 61.7 kg/t. Low carbon smelting technology is adopted in converter steelmaking process,and carbon emission per ton of steel will be significantly reduced. If 20% scrap and 50% scrap are used in converter,the ultimate carbon emission of converter will be reduced to 727 kg/t and 466 kg/t steel. 50% scrap steel is used in converter for smelting,biomass is injected,green electricity and low-carbon raw materials are used,and the carbon emission intensity in the converter process will be reduced from 107 kg/t to -186 kg/t,thus realizing " negative carbon emission steelmaking " in the converter process. Refining,continuous casting and other processes focus on green low-carbon technology,which is expected to achieve "near zero carbon emission" in steel mills. The research on long-process low-carbon steelmaking based on converter has a significant role in promoting the low-carbon development of the whole steel industry,and is a powerful means to promote the green and low-carbon transformation of the steel industry and implement the "double-carbon" goal.
[1] 习近平. 在第七十五届联合国大会一般性辩论上的讲话[J]. 中华人民共和国国务院公报,2020(28):5. (XI Jin-ping. Statement at the General Debate of the 75th Session of the United Nations General Assembly[J]. The Bulletin of the State Council of the People's Republic of China,2020(28):5.) [2] 张龙强,陈剑. 钢铁工业实现“碳达峰”探讨及减碳建议[J]. 中国冶金,2021,31(9):21.(ZHANG Long-qiang,CHEN Jian. Discussion on achieving "carbon peak" and suggestions for reducing carbon in iron and steel industry[J]. China Metallurgy,2021,31(9):21.) [3] 赵艺伟,左海滨,佘雪峰,等. 钢铁工业二氧化碳排放计算方法实例研究[J]. 有色金属科学与工程,2019,10(1):34. (ZHAO Yi-wei,ZUO Hai-bin,SHE Xue-feng,et al. Case study on calculation method of carbon dioxide emission in iron and steel industry[J]. Nonferrous Metals Science and Engineering,2019,10(1):34.) [4] 张琦,贾国玉,蔡九菊,等. 钢铁企业炼铁系统碳素流分析及CO2减排措施[J]. 东北大学学报(自然科学版),2013,34(3):392.(ZHANG Qi,JIA Guo-yu,CAI Jiu-ju,et al. Carbon flow analysis and CO2 emission reduction strategies of lron-making system in steel enterprise[J]. Journal of Northeastern University (Natural Science),2013,34(3):392.) [5] 马芳芳,卢振兰. 钢铁企业焦化工序节能减排途径探讨[J]. 绿色科技,2015(1):227.(MA Fang-fang,LU Zhen-lan. The study of the way of energy saving and emission reduction during coking process in lron and steel enterprises[J]. Journal of Green Science and Technology,2015(1):227.) [6] 王志荃. 烧结工序的节能减碳技术分析[J]. 化工管理,2021(33):89.(WANG Zhi-quan. Analysis of energy saving and carbon reduction technology in sintering process[J]. Chemical Enterprise Management,2021(33):89.) [7] 危中良,戴金华. 氢能在钢铁企业应用方向的探讨[J]. 冶金动力,2022(3):67.(WEI Zhong-liang,DAI Jin-hua. Discussion on the application direction of hydrogen energy in iron and steel enterprises[J]. Metallurgical Power,2022(3):67.) [8] WANG Guang-wei,ZHANG Jian-liang,ZHANG Guo-hua,et al. Experimental and kinetic studies on co-gasification of petroleum coke and biomass char blends[J]. Energy,2017,131:27. [9] Gyamerah,Michael,Shen,et al. Kinetics of the pyrolysis of arundo,sawdust,corn stover and switch grass biomass by thermogravimetric analysis using a multi-stage model[J]. Bioresource Technology,2015,179:113. [10] 邢相栋,王莎,张秋利,等. 高炉喷吹废塑料与兰炭混合燃烧及动力学[J]. 钢铁研究学报,2019,31(3):258.(XING Xiang-dong,WANG Sha,ZHANG Qiu-li,et al.Mixed combustion and kinetics of waste plastics injected into blast furnace and anthracite[J]. Journal of Iron and Steel Research,2019,31(3):258.) [11] 刘庆超,杨畅,周正华. 光伏发电制氢技术经济可行性研究[J]. 电力设备管理,2019(11):92.(LIU Qing-chao,YANG Chang,ZHOU Zheng-hua. Technical and economic feasibility study on hydrogen production from photovoltaic power generation[J]. Power Equipment Management,2019(11):92.) [12] 吉立鹏,吴礼云,陈俊锋,等. 钢铁企业石灰窑二氧化碳减排研究与实践应用[J]. 冶金能源,2021,40(4):3.(JI Li-peng,WU Li-yun,CHEN Jun-feng,et al. Research and practice on carbon dioxide emission reduction of lime kiln in iron and steel enterprises[J]. Energy for Metallurgical Industry,2021,40(4):3.) [13] 白玉龙,白碧哲,陈国新,等. 等离子体热风炉及基于等离子体热风炉气体循环回收装置:中国,CN112629015A[P]. 2021-04-09.(BAI Yu-long,BAI Bi-zhe,CHEN Guo-xin,et al. Plasma Hot Blast Stove and Gas Recycling Device Based on Plasma Hot Blast Stove:China,CN112629015A[P]. 2021-04-09.) [14] 李红霞. 中国耐火材料行业的发展与资源、能源和环境[J]. 耐火材料,2010,44(6):401.(LI Hong-xia. Development of China's refractory industry and resources,energy and environment[J]. Refractories,2010,44(6):401.) [15] 朱荣,魏光升,张洪金. 近零碳排电弧炉炼钢工艺技术研究及展望[J]. 钢铁,2022,57(10):1.(ZHU Rong,WEI Guang-sheng,ZHANG Hong-jin. Research and prospect of EAF steelmaking with near-zero carbon emissions[J]. Iron and Steel,2022,57(10):1.) [16] ZHOU Yun,ZHU Rong,HU Shao-yan,et al. Study on metallurgical characteristics of the bottom-blown O2-CaO converter[J]. Ironmaking and Steelmaking,2021,48(2):142. [17] LI W,ZHU R,DONG K,et al. Physical simulation and industrial testing of bottom-blown O2-CaO converter for steelmaking process[J]. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B,2020,51(3):1060. [18] HU Shao-yan,ZHU Rong,WANG De-yong,et al. Research on the gas-solid jet flow and erosion wear characteristics in bottom injecting lance used for oxygen-lime powder bottom blowing converter[J]. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, 2021,52(6):3875. [19] 上官方钦,张春霞,胡长庆,等. 中国钢铁工业的CO2排放估算[J]. 中国冶金,2010,20(5):37.(SHANGGUAN Fang-qin,ZHANG Chun-xia,HU Chang-qing,et al. estimation of CO2 emission in Chinese steel industry[J].China Metallurgy,2010,20(5):37.) [20] 吕明,毕秀荣,朱荣. CO2在炼钢工艺的应用及发展[J]. 钢铁,2012,47(3):1.(LÜ Ming,BI Xiu-rong,ZHU Rong. Application and development of carbon dioxide in the steelmaking process[J]. Iron and Steel,2012,47(3):1.) [21] 王雪亮,朱荣,李强,等. 底吹二氧化碳对炼钢工艺及透气砖影响研究[J]. 工业加热,2017,46(3):31.(WANG Xue-liang,ZHU Rong,LI Qiang,et al. Influence research of bottom blowing carbon dioxide to steelmaking process and bottom blowing brick[J]. Industrial Heating,2017,46(3):31.) [22] ZHU Rong,HAN Bao-chen,DONG Kai,et al. A review of carbon dioxide disposal technology in the converter steelmaking process[J]. International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials,2020,27(11):1421. [23] MING L,RONG Z,WEI X,et al. Research on top and bottom mixed blowing CO2 in converter steelmaking process[J]. Steel Research International,2012,83(1):11. [24] 韩伟刚,胡长庆,沙远洋. 铁钢界面铁水罐多功能化技术中的尾罐效应[J]. 钢铁,2021,56(4):122.(HAN Wei-gang,HU Chang-qing,SHA Yuan-yang. Tail ladle effect in hot metal ladle multi-functionalization technology in ironmaking-steelmaking interface[J]. Iron and Steel,2021,56(4):122.) [25] 郦秀萍,韩伟刚,张春霞,等. 高炉-转炉区段物质流运行优化[J]. 工程研究——跨学科视野中的工程,2017,9(1):53.(LI Xiu-ping,HAN Wei-gang,ZHANG Chun-xia,et al. Optimization of interface material flow operation of BF-BOF section[J]. Journal of Engineering Studies,2017,9(1):53.) [26] 韩伟刚,郦秀萍,施一新,等. 基于排队论“一包到底”模式的在线铁水包数量[J]. 钢铁,2013,48(5):21.(HAN Wei-gang,LI Xiu-ping,SHI Yi-xin,et al. Online ladle quantity of "One-open-ladle-from-BF-to-BOF" route by using queuing theory[J]. Iron and Steel,2013,48(5):21.) [27] 杨春政. 新一代钢铁流程运行实践[J]. 钢铁,2014,49(7):30.(YANG Chun-zheng. Operation practice of the new steel production process[J]. Iron and Steel,2014,49(7):30.) [28] 贾志平. 连铸坯氢氧切割应用与碳排放研究[J]. 中国设备工程,2018(11):131.(JIA Zhi-ping. Application of oxyhydrogen cutting and carbon emission in continuous casting billet[J]. China Plant Engineering,2018(11):131.) [29] 张琦,张薇,王玉洁,等. 中国钢铁工业节能减排潜力及能效提升途径[J]. 钢铁,2019,54(2):7.(ZHANG Qi,ZHANG Wei,WANG Yu-jie,et al. Potential of energy saving and emission reduction and energy efficiency improvement of China's steel industry[J]. Iron and Steel,2019,54(2):7.) [30] 那洪明,何剑飞,袁喻兴,等. 钢铁企业不同生产流程碳排放解析[C]//第十届全国能源与热工学术年会论文集. 杭州:中国金属学会,2019:402.(NA Hong-ming,HE Jian-fei,YUAN Yu-xing,et al. Analysis of carbon emissions from different production processes in iron and steel enterprise[C]//Proceedings of the 10th National Energy and Thermal Engineering Academic Conference. Hangzhou:The Chinese Society for Metals,2019:402.)
2023, Vol. 58 
