Life cycle assessment of automotive steel sheet production
ZHU Shuai-kang1,2, GONG Xian-zheng1,2, GAO Feng1,2, LIU Yu1,2
1. Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; 2. National Engineering Laboratory of Industrial Big-Data Application Technology, Beijing 100124, China
Abstract:Driven by "carbon peak and carbon neutrality",automobile manufacturing industry is an important part of energy saving and carbon reduction. As a resource and energy intensive industry,it uses automobile steel plate as the main material,which has the typical characteristics of high production energy consumption and emissions. The life cycle assessment (LCA) method was used to conduct environmental impact assessment and contribution analysis for each stage of the long process (BF-BOF) and short process (EAF) of automobile steel plate production. The results show that in BF-BOF, the iron making process and sintering process have greater contribution to the total environmental impact. In automotive steel plate production short process (EAF), iron making process and electric furnace steelmaking process contribute greatly to the total environmental impact. The environmental impacts of EAF process in automobile steel plate production are lower than those of BF-BOF process. Global warming (GWP),fossil energy depletion (FFP),mineral resource depletion (SOP),freshwater eutrophication (FEP),marine eutrophication (MEP),freshwater ecotoxicity (FETP),human carcinogenic toxicity (HTPc),and human non-carcinogenic toxicity (HTPnc) are the major environmental impacts. The copper equivalent of BF-BOF process and EAF process are 85.6 kg/t and 25.6 kg/t,respectively,and the comprehensive energy consumption is 541 kg/t and 265 kg/t,respectively. The carbon dioxide equivalent was 2 111.7 kg/t and 1 054.9 kg/t. The resource consumption, energy consumption and greenhouse gas emission of EAF process are better than those of BF-BOF process,which are 70.1%,51.0% and 50.1% lower,respectively. The three types of environmental damage of EAF process are lower than that of BF-BOF process,which has certain environmental advantages. Therefore,if conditions permit,increasing the production proportion of EAF process will contribute to the low-carbon and sustainable development of automobile manufacturing and steel industry.
[1] 姚同路,吴伟,杨勇,等.“双碳”目标下中国钢铁工业的低碳发展分析[J].钢铁研究学报,2022,34(6):505.(YAO Tong-lu,WU Wei,YANG Yong,et al. Analysis of low carbon development in China′s iron and steel industry under the "double carbon" target[J]. Journal of Iron and Steel Research,2022,34(6):505.) [2] 乔英俊,赵世佳,伍晨波,等. “双碳”目标下我国汽车产业低碳发展战略研究[J]. 中国软科学,2022(6):31. (QIAO Ying-jun,ZHAO Shi-jia,WU Chen-bo,et al. Research on low-carbon development strategy of China′s automotive industry with the "Carbon-Peak and Carbon-Neutrality" goal [J]. China Soft Science,2022(6):31.) [3] 中国汽车技术研究中心. 中国汽车低碳行动计划研究报告[R]. 天津:中汽数据有限公司,2021.(China Automotive Technology Research Center. China Aut-omotive Low Carbon Action Plan Research Report[R]. Tianjin:China Automotive Data Company Limited,2021.) [4] 康永林,朱国明. 中国汽车发展趋势及汽车用钢面临的机遇与挑战[J]. 钢铁,2014,49(12):1.(KANG Yong-lin,ZHU Guo-ming. Development trend of China′s automobile industry and the opportunities and challenges of steels for automobiles[J]. Iron and Steel,2014,49(12):1.) [5] 彭孝仁. 我国汽车行业用钢市场分析[J]. 冶金经济与管理,2021(6):26.(PENG Xiao-ren. Analysis of steel market in China′s automotive industry[J]. Metallurgical Economics and Management,2021(6):26.) [6] International Standard Organization. ISO 14040:Environmental Management-Life CYCLE IMPACT ASSESSMENT-PRINciples and Frame-Word[S].Geneva:lSO Standards Press,2006. [7] International Standard Organizaion. ISO14044:Environmental MANAGement-Life Cycle Impact Assessment-Requirements and Guidelines[S].Geneva:lSO Standards Press,2006. [8] SUN Xin,LIU Jing-ru,LU Bin,et al. Life cycle assessment-based selection of a sustainable lightweight automotive engine hood design[J]. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment,2017,22(9):1373. [9] 马洋洋,郝卓,汪庆云. 基于生命周期评价的车身材料分析[J]. 汽车工程师,2019(1):11.(MA Yang-yang,HAO Zhuo,WANG Qing-yun. Analysis of body materials based on life cycle assessment[J]. Automotive Engineer,2019(1):11.) [10] 赵明楠,孙锌,严玉廷. 基于CALCA的汽车白车身生命周期分析[J]. 中国人口·资源与环境,2017,27(s1):181.(ZHAO Ming-nan,SUN Xin,YAN Yu-ting. Life cycle analysis of vehicle body-in-white based on CALCA[J]. China Population-Resources and Environment,2017,27(s1):181.) [11] 石俊锋,符钢战,施欢. 基于全生命周期评价的车身选材研究[J]. 上海汽车,2017(1):56.(SHI Jun-feng,FU Gang-zhan,SHI Huan. Research on body material selection based on whole life cycle assessment[J]. Shanghai Automotive,2017(1):56.) [12] 李峰,储满生,唐珏,等. 氢气气基竖炉-电炉短流程环境影响分析[J]. 中国冶金,2021,31(9):104. (LI Feng,CHU Man-sheng,TANG Jue,et al. Environmental impact analysis of hydrogen shaft furnace-electric furnace process[J]. China Metallurgy,2021,31(9):104.) [13] 刘涛,刘颖昊,周烨. 生命周期评价方法在钢铁企业低碳发展规划中的应用[J]. 中国冶金,2021,31(9):130.(LIU Tao,LIU Ying-hao,ZHOU Ye. Application of life cycle assessment in low-carbon planning of iron and steel company[J]. China Metallurgy,2021,31(9):130.) [14] 李兴福,徐鹤. 基于GaBi软件的钢材生命周期评价[J]. 环境保护与循环经济,2009,29(6):15. (LI Xing-fu,XU He. Life cycle assessment of steel based on GaBi software[J]. Environmental Protection and Circular Economy,2009,29(6):15.) [15] 孙博学,聂祚仁,高峰,等. 中国能源生产的累计需求分析[J]. 北京工业大学学报,2013,39(11):1734.(SUN Bo-xue,NIE Zuo-ren,GAO Feng,et al. Cumulative exergy demand(CExD) analysis of energy production in China[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Technology,2013,39(11):1734.) [16] 杨耀坤. 典型非金属矿物填料的生命周期评价[D]. 北京:北京工业大学,2012.(YANG Yao-kun. Life Cycle Assessment of Typical Non-Metallic Mining Fillers[D]. Beijing:Beijing University of Technology,2012.) [17] 马丽萍. 材料生命周期评价基础之道路交通运输本地化研究[D]. 北京:北京工业大学,2007.(MA Li-ping. Study on the Localization of Road Traffic and Transportation Based on the Life Cycle Assessment of Materials[D]. Beijing:Beijing University of Technology,2007.) [18] 国家统计局. 中国统计年鉴[M]. 北京:中国统计出版社,2020.(National Bureau of Statistics. China Statistical Yearbook[M]. Beijing:China Statistics Press,2020.) [19] Mark A J Huijbregts,Zoran J N Steinmann,Pieter M F Elshout,et al. ReCiPe2016:A harmonised life cycle impact assessment method at midpoint and endpoint level[J]. International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment,2016,22(2):1.