含Ca汽车控制臂用钢中复合硫化物控制机理

doi:10.13228/j.boyuan.issn0449-749x.20210757

Abstract
Figure/Table
References (32)
Related Citation (15)

Download: PDF (4382 KB) HTML (1 KB)
Export: BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)

Abstract There is a large cutting workload during automotive control arm manufacturing processes because of its complex shape. In order to increase the cutting performance of parts, a small amount of Ca element is further added into steel with 0.03% sulfur, so that common slender strip MnS would be transformed into spindle (Ca, Mn)S. However, when the sulfur mass fraction is 0.03%, the solubility of Ca element in molten steel is very low, and the generation of pure (Ca, Mn)S during cooling and solidification processes is quite small. Therefore, controlling mechanism of sulfide morphology is proposed to induce (Ca, Mn)S to nucleate and grow on oxides containing CaO formed in molten steel, promoting generation of a large number of duplex compound sulfides. In order to obtain the formation mechanism of optimal duplex compound sulfides, 3 commercial steels with different smelting processes were selected. Morphologies and component characteristics of typical compound sulfide were investigated with scanning electron microscope and energy spectrum analysis (SEM-EDS), size characteristics were manually measured, and evolution behaviors of inclusions during cooling and solidification were calculated by thermodynamic software FactSage. The results show that inside oxides of compound sulfides are mainly Al₂O₃ or magnesium aluminum spinel with low MgO ratio, wrapped sulfides are pure MnS with long strip shape after rolling in the steel without Ca treatment. After Ca treatment, there are two different compound sulfides.One is typical D or Ds type inclusions, with high CaO ratio inside oxides and high CaS ratio wrapped (Ca, Mn)S, basically no deformation. The other is spindle-shaped, with low CaO ratio inside oxides and low CaS ratio wrapped (Ca, Mn)S. Controlling the proper proportion of CaO in liquid oxides of Ca-treated steel is the key to obtain a large amount of spindle-shaped sulfides in steel, owing to high sulfide nucleation ability of core oxides and proper CaS proportion in peripheral (Ca, Mn)S. When the Ca/S ratio in steel is about 0.07, the optimal Ca content in peripheral sulfide is about 2%-5%.

Key words： steel for automotive control arm Ca duplex compound sulfide MnS (Ca, Mn)S

Received: 07 December 2021

	Service

	E-mail this article
	Add to my bookshelf
	Add to citation manager
	E-mail Alert
	RSS
	Articles by authors
	LU Jin-long
	QIU Wen-sheng
	CHENG Guo-guang
	LONG Hu
	LI Yao

Cite this article:

LU Jin-long,QIU Wen-sheng,CHENG Guo-guang等. Control mechanism of compound sulfides in steel for automotive control arms containing Ca[J]. Iron and Steel, 2022, 57(5): 118-128.

URL:

http://www.chinamet.cn/Jweb_gt/EN/10.13228/j.boyuan.issn0449-749x.20210757 OR http://www.chinamet.cn/Jweb_gt/EN/Y2022/V57/I5/118

[1] 蒋荣超. 轿车悬架零部件性能匹配与轻量化多目标优化方法研究[D]. 吉林:吉林大学, 2016. (JIANG Rong-chao, Research of Lightweight Multi-objective Optimization Method and Performance Matching for Car Suspension Components[D]. Jilin:Jilin University, 2016)
[2] 金一,柳进,甄彤,等.底盘控制臂用800 MPa级高强度钢的疲劳特性研究[J].上海金属,2021,43(6):47.(JIN Yi, LIU Jin, ZHEN Tong, et al. Research on fatigue behavior of 800 MPa grade high strength steel used for chassis control arm[J].Shanghai Metals,2021,43(6):47.)
[3] Luiz N E, Machado Á R. Development trends and review of free-machining steels[J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, 2008, 222(2): 347.
[4] 王鑫,李彬周,王军生,等.化学成分对Bi系易切削钢低温冲击韧性的影响[J].上海金属,2021,43(6):25.(WANG Xin, LI Bin-zhou,WANG Jun-sheng,et al. Effect of chemical composition on low temperature impact toughness of Bi-series free-cutting steels[J]. Shanghai Metals,2021,43(6):25.)
[5] 谢啸宇, 顾超, 王敏, 等. 中高硫钢中硫化锰夹杂物控制技术[J]. 钢铁, 2021, 56(12): 52. (XIE Xiao-yu, GU Chao, WANG Min, et al. Manganese sulfide inclusion control technology in medium and high sulfur steel[J]. Iron and Steel, 2021, 56(12): 52.)
[6] 林腾昌, 门兵, 程雄, 等. 热处理对铸态钢中硫化锰夹杂物的影响[J]. 中国冶金, 2021, 31(4): 48. (LIN Teng-chang, MEN Bing, CHENG Xiong, et al. Influence of heat treatment on MnS inclusion in as-cast steel[J]. China Metallurgy, 2021, 31(4): 48.)
[7] 刘喜锚. 易切削钢连铸保护渣开发与应用[J]. 连铸, 2021(2): 66. (LIU Xi-mao. Development and application of continuous casting mold flux for free-cutting steel[J]. Continuous Casting, 2021(2): 66.)
[8] LU J, CHENG G, CHE J, et al. Effect of oxides on characteristics of MnS and transverse mechanical properties in commercial Al-killed non-quenched and tempered steel[J]. Metals and Materials International, 2019, 25(2): 473.
[9] 车巨龙, 鲜奋强, 窦亚斌, 等. 非调质钢中MnS分布对轧材横向塑性的影响[J]. 中国冶金, 2020, 30(6): 48. (CHE Ju-long, XIAN Fen-qiang, DOU Ya-bin, et al. Effect of MnS distribution on transverse ductility of rolled non-quenched and tempered steel[J]. China Metallurgy, 2020, 30(6): 48.)
[10] Yaguchi H,Tsuchida T,Shindou Y, et al. Non-lead-added free machining steel by sulfide inclusion morphology modification[J]. Research and Development Kobe Steel Engineering Reports, 2002, 52(3):62.
[11] 张永军, 朱辰, 王立峰,等. 机械结构用无铅易切削钢的发展[J]. 材料导报, 2005, 19(12): 68. (ZHANG Yong-jun, ZHU Chen, WANG Li-feng, et al. Development of free cutting steel for machine structure without lead[J]. Meterials Reports, 2005, 19(12): 68.)
[12] Ito T, Takahashi T, Kimura A, et al. Characteristics of calcium type free-machining steels[J]. Denki Seiko, 1973, 44(1): 5.
[13] Prešern V, Koroušic' B, Hastie J W. Thermodynamic conditions for inclusions modification in calcium treated steel[J]. Steel Research, 1991, 62(7): 289.
[14] 赵家七, 材小锋, 马建超, 等. 铝镇静冷镦钢CaS结瘤机理及改进[J]. 钢铁, 2021, 56(9): 80. (ZHAO Jia-qi, CAI Xiao-feng, MA Jian-chao, et al. Improvement on machanism of nozzle clogging caused by CaS inclusions in Al-killed cold heading steel[J]. Iron and Steel, 2021, 56(9): 80.)
[15] 王新华, 李秀刚, 李强, 等. X80管线钢板中条串状CaO-Al₂O₃系非金属夹杂物的控制[J]. 金属学报, 2013, 49(5): 553. (WANG Xin-hua, LI Xiu-gang, LI Qiang, et al. Control of string shaped non-metallic inclusions of CaO-Al₂O₃system in X80 pipeline steel plates[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica, 2013, 49(5): 553.)
[16] 胡永才, 石少博, 刘鹏, 等含硫含铝钢种连铸絮流问题工艺探究和实践[J]. 连铸, 2020(2): 5. (HU Yong-cai, SHI Shao-bo, LIU Peng, et al. Study and practice on the technology of flocculent flow in continuous casting of steel grades containing sulfur and aluminum[J]. Continuous Casting, 2020 (2): 5.)
[17] 田俊,王德永,屈天鹏,等. 钙、镁在含硫钢中硫化物变性过程中的作用[J]. 钢铁, 2017, 52(11): 27. (TIAN Jun,WANG De-yong,QU Tian-peng,et al. Role and distinction of Ca and Mg to sulfide modification for sulfur steel[J]. Iron and Steel, 2017, 52(11): 27.)
[18] Ghosh A. Thermodynamic evaluation of formation of oxide-sulfide duplex inclusions in steel[J]. ISIJ International, 2008, 48(11): 1552.
[19] 余音宏, 潘涛, 尹建成, 等. S含量对高速车轮钢性能和夹杂物的影响[J]. 钢铁, 2013, 48(10): 57. (YU Yin-hong, PAN Tao, YIN Jian-cheng, et al. Effect of sulfur contents on properties and inclusions in high speed wheel steels[J]. Iron and Steel, 2013, 48(10): 57.)
[20] Väinölä R V, Holappa L E K, Karvonen P H J. Modern steelmaking technology for special steels[J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 1995, 53(1/2): 453.
[21] 姚登元,吴华杰,陆鹏雁,等. 钙处理对含硫非调质钢中硫化物形态的影响[J]. 中国冶金, 2017, 27(4): 11.(YAO Deng-yuan,WU Hua-jie,LU Peng-yan,et al. Effect of Ca treatment on sulfides morphology in S-bearing non-quenched and tempered steel[J]. China Metallurgy, 2017, 27(4): 11.)
[22] Hashimura M, Hirata H, Kanisawa H, et al. Development of lead free micro alloyed steel for crank shafts[J]. Nippon Steel Technical Report, 2003, 88: 68.
[23] JIANG M, HOU Z, YANG E, et al. Effect of calcium treatment on the control of inclusions in Al deoxidized special steel[C]//Proceedings of 2018 China Symposium on Sustainable Steelmaking Technology. Tianjing:The Chinese Society for Metals,2018: 570.
[24] GUO Jing,CHENG Shu-sen,CHENG Zi-jian. Mechanism of non-metallic inclusion formation and modification and their deformation during compact strip production (CSP) process for aluminum-killed steel[J]. ISIJ International, 2013, 53(12): 2142.
[25] YANG W, ZHANG L, WANG X, et al. Characteristics of inclusions in low carbon Al-killed steel during ladle furnace refining and calcium treatment[J]. ISIJ International, 2013, 53(8): 1401.
[26] 中国国家标准化管理委员会. GB/T 10561—2005 钢中非金属夹杂物含量的测定——标准评级图显微检验法[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2005. (Standardization Administration of China. GB/T 10561—2005 Steel-Determination of Content of Nonmetallic Inclusion—Micrographic Method Using Standards Diagrams[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2005.)
[27] Leung C H, Vanvlack L H. Solution and precipitation hardening in (Ca, Mn) sulfides and selenides[J]. Metallurgical Transactions A, 1981, 12(6): 987.
[28] Ånmark N, Karasev A, Jönsson P G. The effect of different non-metallic inclusions on the machinability of steels[J]. Materials, 2015, 8(2): 751.
[29] Kim S, Kageyama M, Gao X, et al. Solubility of sulfur in the solid oxide of the calcium-aluminate system[J]. ISIJ International, 2019, 59(10): 1752.
[30] Bramfitt B L. The effect of carbide and nitride additions on the heterogeneous nucleation behavior of liquid iron[J]. Metallurgical Transactions, 1970, 1(7): 1987.
[31] Wakoh M, Sawai T, Mizoguchi S. Effect of S content on the MnS precipitation in steel with oxide nuclei[J]. ISIJ International, 1996, 36(8): 1014.
[32] Liu Z, Kobayashi Y, Nagai K, et al. Morphology control of copper sulfide in strip casting of low carbon steel[J]. ISIJ International, 2006, 46(5): 744.