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2006 Vol. 41 No. 9
Published: 2006-09-15
原料与炼铁
0
YANG Xuefeng;ZHANG Zhuming;SHEN Fengman;LI Ming
Harmful Effect of Zinc to KISCO 2000 m
3
Blast Furnace
Tuyeres of No.6 blast furnace(2000 m3) at Kunming iron and steel company tilted upwards after three years of operation, which impacted on the production of blast furnace. It was clarified that the main factor enrichment and expansion of zinc in tuyere bricks. The structure of tuyere bricks turn from dense to loosen with zinc penetration and expansion making an erosion passage from spotlike to stripelike, to ditchlike to veinlike and finally to tumorlike. The research found that the sequence of penetration of elements, such as K, Na, Zn and Pb into refractories is K, Na, Zn and Pb. The crystallization and growth of Zn deposit in refractories was recorded too.
2006 Vol. 41 (9): 0-9 [
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JIANG Dajun
Development and Application of Prediction System of FeO Content in Sinter
Aiming at complexity and difficulty of field control of FeO content in sinter，a prediction system of neural network was developed. A 4layer modified feedforward neural network based on multifactor input and network output by adding main factor linear relativity with hypofactor nonlinear relativity, is the newest feasible method of field control of FeO content in sinter. The network structural design is an advanced one, has high accuracy and strong generalization ability. The network training sum of squared error is 0.01508846. The output of FeO of training sample set was tested that the absolute average error is 0.135665, with a hitting accuracy of 97.78%. The prediction after network training has an absolute average error of 0.189226, with a hitting accuracy of 91.14%.
2006 Vol. 41 (9): 0-13 [
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1890
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ZHAO Hongbo;CHENG Shusen;ZHAO Minge
Research on Rational Structure of BF Hearth Bottom
According to the theory of heat transfer, based on the calculated temperature distribution in hearth bottom, it is clear that all the brick layers in hearth bottom can not be considered as a whole one for different structures result in different temperature distribution though total heat resistance is the same. Thus, the disadvantages of allcarbon brick and ceramic cup synthetic hearth bottoms are described. According to the effects of hot metal and cooling water, the conception of “heating avoidance” and “cooling intensification” is brought forward, and a new design BF hearth bottom is proposed, which is easy to form “selfprotecting” slag layer, called “method of gradient brick laying” as an optimum combination of cooling intensification and heating avoidance”, it can not only prolong the hearth bottom campaign but also reduce cost and heat loss.
2006 Vol. 41 (9): 0-18 [
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钢铁材料
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FAN Dingdong;ZHANG Jianping;XIAO Lijun;GUO Yadong
Effect of Boron Microalloying on Microstructure, Precipitates and Yield Strength of SPHC Steel
The effects of boron microalloying on mechanical properties of SPHC(Steel Plate Heat Commercial) steel produced by thin slab casting and rolling(TSCR) line were investigated. The results showed that the online measured average yield strength of boronbearing hot strips was 284 MPa, and reduced to 248 MPa and 230 MPa respectively after 48 h aging and before cold rolling. Thus under the same production conditions, the yield strength of boronbearing steel is about 40 MPa less than that of Bfree steel.
2006 Vol. 41 (9): 0-60 [
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SU Shihuai;HE Yizhu;HU Xuewen;LIU Xuewei;WENG Yuqing
Strengthening Mechanism of VN Microalloyed X60 Pipeline Steel Produced by Compact Strip Production Line
The microstructure and mechanical properties of vanadiumnitrogen(VN) microalloyed APIX60 pipeline steel(X60) with ultrafine grain and high toughness developed by converter steelmakingcompact strip production(CSP) line were studied to investigate the strengthening mechanism. The results show that the microstructure of the X60 is composed of polygonal ferrite and micro pearlite, the mean size of ferrite grains is less than 5 μm. It was observed that V(C,N) could not precipitate sufficiently in CSP process. The main strengthening mechanism of X60 is grain refining strengthening. The yield strength (YS) increases due to precipitation strengthening of V(C,N) and nonosized inclusion by about 60 MPa and 40 MPa respectively.
2006 Vol. 41 (9): 0-73 [
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FU Yongtao;QIU Changsheng;LIU Wuqun;SHI Jie
Analysis of Cracking of 35CrNiMoV Continuous Casting Slab
The cracking of 35CrNiMoV continuously cast slab was studied. Results show that the main reason is caused by improper cooling after casting. Some solutions, such as change the chemical composition and slow cooling under cover were given, and proved effective in practice.
2006 Vol. 41 (9): 0-78 [
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LI Yong;FU Wantang;GUO Mingwei;QU Minggui;ZHOU Weihai
Hot Deformation Behavior of a Nonquenched High Carbon Microalloyed Steel for Connecting Rod
The hot compression deformation behavior of a nonquenched high carbon microalloyed steel for connecting rod was investigated on Gleeble3500 simulator at the temperature range of 1223~1323 K and strain rate of 0.2~10 s1. The corresponding flow curves were measured and hot deformation microstructures were observed. The results show that the flow stress and peak strain increase with either increasing strain rate or decreasing deformation temperature. When the true strain is 0.8 and deformation temperature is in the range of 1223~1323 K, full dynamic recrystallization occurs in the test steel at strain rate of 0.2~10 s-1. The hot deformation activation energy Q of test steel is 289.9 kJ/mol. The thermal deformation equation, dynamic recrystallization diagram and the relationship between the size of dynamic recrystallized grains and ZenerHollomon parameter were obtained.
2006 Vol. 41 (9): 0-70 [
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KANG Junyan;YU Wei;CHEN Yinli
Effect of Temper on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Acicular Ferrite Steel
The microstructure and properties of acicular ferrite steel tempered from 540 ℃ to 630 ℃ were studied. Compared with the steel as rolled, the yield strength of steel tempered at 630 ℃ was increased by 75 MPa, the mean elongation was decreased by 1.9% and the mean impact toughness was almost unchanged. By comparison of the microstructure and precipitates before and after tempering, it can be concluded that in tempered steel the intragranular dislocation density is lower and part of platelike subgrains is disappeared, but the mean size of precipitates is smaller. The mean size of precipitates becomes bigger with the raise of tempering temperature. After tempering at 630 ℃, the distribution frequency (f(D)) of precipitates in the range of 1～10 nm is increased by two to three times, the amount of precipitated niobium and vanadium was increased by 166.9% and 584.6% respectively. It is considered that the enhancement of strength is mainly due to the increase in number of small precipitates and disappearance of part of platelike subgrains.
2006 Vol. 41 (9): 0-65 [
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装备与控制
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John Lester;Nick Stanley;Carlo P.Piemonte
No.4 New Slab Caster at Shanghai Baoshan Iron and Steel Group Corporation
No.4 new slab caster at Baosteel will be a model of perfect combination of advanced mechanical equipment and dynamic automation systems, making equipment performance and flexibility of production up to a new level. The new caster can produce ultralow carbon steel, low, medium and high carbon steels, peritectic steel and microalloyed steel with the best results in product quality and productivity.
2006 Vol. 41 (9): 0-85 [
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炼钢
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YU Mingquan;WANG Zhizheng;XU Minghua;CHEN Xinjian
Refining Process of Superclean Bearing Steel
The sulphur, titanium and oxygen contents in superclean bearing steel (SFGCr15) are less than 0.003%, 0.0012% and 0.0007% respectively and the content of nonmetallic inclusions is at satisfactory level by controlling the technological parameters of EAF steelmaking(intensity of oxygen supply, content of (FeO) in slag, the rate of slag stopping at tapping, oxygen activity of liquid steel at tapping), LF refining(refining slag composition, deoxidizers, temperature of liquid steel, refining time, pressure of bottom argon blowing, the selection of refractory materials in refining ladle, the selection of ferroalloys), vacuum degassing (vacuum degree, time of vacuum degassing, pressure of bottom argon blowing) and soft argon stirring after vacuum degassing, adapting IAPS and adjusting the casting rate of liquid steel. In this way, the quality of SFG15 meets the requirements from top world bearing manufacturers.
2006 Vol. 41 (9): 0-26 [
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CHEN Zhiling;ZHANG Guoxian;HAN Chuanji
Research on Intelligent Control of Secondary Cooling of Continuous Casting
Based on numerical calculation of strand temperature field, using variable aim temperature with metallurgical restrictions and variable initial water flow rate, the unsteadiness and large difference between calculated and actual water flow rate of secondary cooling control can be solved. Using the ability of approaching function and selflearning of neural networks, the models of target temperature control (TTANN) and initial water flow rate control (IWANN) were set up. AI PID controller was designed. Then the dynamic control system of secondary cooling in continuous casting was developed. The system is composed of two models, controller and temperature calculation model. The results of simulation test show that the error of bloom surface temperature is less than 12 ℃.
2006 Vol. 41 (9): 0-40 [
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XU Yu;CHEN Xiaoping;YANG Subo;XIE Mingke
Optimization 100% ContinuousContinuous Casting Process at PZH Steel
In the course of 100% accomplishing continuouscontinuous casting at PZH Steel, steelmaking plant took measures of technical innovation and process optimization, such as adding third hot metal desulphurizing equipment, adopting recarburization and increasing oxygen supply intensity on converters, raising refining capacity, and optimizing continuous casting process and so on to reach desulphurization of all hot metal, refining and continuous casting of total molten steel, with coordination between converters and casters. As a result of such modification, the quality of molten steel and bloom was improved and production stabilized. The bottleneck of continuouscontinuous production was diminished and 100% continuouscontinuous casting process at PZH Steel was realized.
2006 Vol. 41 (9): 0-33 [
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ZHANG Guiyu;WAN Xuefeng;LIN Dong;PENG Fei;ZOU Zongshu
Preliminary Application of BOF Offgas Analysis at Bensteel
In order to make full use of the BOF online offgas analysis system at Bensteel, dynamic models were developed based on mass balance and the bath temperature calculated from the reaction equilibrium. The results show, that the carbon content of molten steel is a function of the offgas flow rate and the CO, CO2 partial pressure. The accuracy of the prediction is determined by the reliability of initial carbon content. The bath temperature is a function of the carbon content and the CO, CO2 partial pressure. The accuracy of the prediction depends on the stability of blowing process. The predicted and measured data at end point of 1530 heats were in good agreement.
2006 Vol. 41 (9): 0-23 [
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FENG Jun;CHEN Weiqing;HAN Jing;DUAN Guisheng;
Effect of CC Process Parameters on Secondary Dendrite Arm Spacing of High Carbon Steel Billets
The study of secondary dendritic arm spacing(SDAS) in high carbon steel billets shows that the SDAS decreases with application of MEMS or increase with secondary cooling intensity, and the SDAS increases with increase of superheat and casting speed. The structure of columnar crystals is observed for billets cast without MEMS, and equiaxed structure for billets cast with MEMS, in which SDAS decreases obviously with increase of stirring current. The results indicate that the central carbon segregation of billets is aggravated with the increase of permeability due to enlarged SDAS.
2006 Vol. 41 (9): 0-37 [
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ZHANG Fuqiang;WANG Xinhua
Simulation of Uneven Cooling Along the Width of Continuously Cast Slab in Secondary Cooling Zone
It was indicated by solidification simulation that the temperature distribution along width direction of slab is uneven in evidence, there exist five relatively low temperature regions both on surface and inside the slab correspondingly, among which three are just below 3 water spraying nozzles and two at the two edges, and there exist four relatively higher temperature regions between the lower temperature regions. The wider the slab, the severer the unevenness of solidification is and vive versa. By increasing secondary cooling water flow rate, not only the surface temperature of the slab, but the unevenness is reduced obviously. Using a water distribution mode in which the cooling is strong in a certain area around the center and moderate in the region about 100 mm apart from narrow sides and soft cooling at the corners, the temperature profile of slab becomes more homogeneous and the corner temperature is higher.
2006 Vol. 41 (9): 0-30 [
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压力加工
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CHEN Shuixuan;ZOU Jun;FU Xin;YANG Huayong
Study on Finishing Temperature Setting System and SelfAdaptation of Hot Strip Mill
The finishing temperature setting system of hot strip mill was analyzed for technical improvement. Based on production data, a method was proposed to correct the radiation factor of air cooling model and a new exponential model was substituted for previous water cooling model. Then an enhanced short and long selfadaptation temperature model for finishing was put forward to match the requirements of hot strip production. Both simulation and experimental results showed that the setup accuracy of finishing temperature is effectively improved and the error deviation is greatly decreased during steel grade and variety change.
2006 Vol. 41 (9): 0-44 [
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FANG Feng;JIANG Jianqing;XU Guie;LI Zhaoxia
Finite Element Analysis of Drawing Process of Wire With Inner Microdefects
A finite element model for drawing process of high carbon wire with inner microdefects was built. With the model, the effect of drawing parameters on extension of defects in drawing process was studied. The results show that the optimized angle of drawing die is about 8°. Jintegral increases with the increase of angle of drawing die and the friction coefficient between drawing die and wire. When the angle of drawing die is less than 8°, Jintegral is tended to be a constant. The critical size of inner microdefects is 3040 μm. The calculated results were proved by experiment.
2006 Vol. 41 (9): 0-49 [
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YANG Guanghui;CAO Jianguo;ZHANG Jie;WANG Cong;JIA Shenghui
Optimization of Application of SmartCrown on Tandem Cold Rolling Mill
The SmartCrown profile and flatness control technique was first used on wide strip tandem cold rolling mills at WISCO. During operation, some problems were found, for example, the shifting stroke of the SmartCrown work rolls couldn’t be used well enough and the rolls were worn very badly and nonuniformly. Through using the ANSYS, the threedimensional finite element roll system model was built to analyze the effect of contact pressures on roll wear．On the basis of SmartCrown work roll contours used on 1700 tandem cold rolling mill, the optimized work roll contoursSmartCrown plus was developed. It was shown by that SmartCrown plus has smaller and uniformer roll wear, and is selfmaintainable, and it is used on 1700 mill at WISCO．
2006 Vol. 41 (9): 0-56 [
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JIANG Xiao;LIU Xianghua;WANG Guodong
Application of Delivery Thickness Function Algorithm to Strip Rolling Schedule Calculation
Newton iteration method is usually used to calculate online rolling schedule according to a designated load distribution ratio, which called for strict restriction on initial iteration value and nonsingular Jacobi matrix to ensure its convergence. A new method named delivery thickness function (DTF) is proposed. Using this method, a function between delivery strip thickness and total load is constructed and then the rolling schedule is determined by solving a series of equations, without initial thickness reduction pattern and computing Jacobi matrix. The validity and facility of this method was testified by trial.
2006 Vol. 41 (9): 0-53 [
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综合论述
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WANG Li;YANG Xiongfei;LU Jiangxin
Development of High Strength Steel Sheets for Lightweight Automobile
With the requirement of reducing automobile weight for energy saving, the application of high strength steel sheets on automobile has been popularized increasingly, due to not only achieving weight reduction of automobile, but also improving the passive safety of automobile. Achievements of lightweight automobile projects abroad in recent years are summarized, especially about development of high strength steel sheets. Considering the parts and components of automobile, the properties and applications of high strength steel sheets produced by Baosteel are emphasisly introduced and research works to be conducted for automobile weight lightening in the future are discussed.
2006 Vol. 41 (9): 0-1 [
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