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	2016 Vol. 51 No. 1
	Published: 2016-01-15

	1	WANG Hai-feng，PEI Yuan-dong，ZHANG Chun-xia，ZHAO Zhi-xing
		Green development of sintering/pellet procedure in China iron and steel industry
		Issues of green development of sinter and pellet procedure in Chinese steel industry are studied in this paper. The green development connotations of steel industry are put forward. The present status，challenges and requirement on the green development of sinter and pellet procedure in China steel industry are analyzed. Then，targets of green development of sinter and pellet procedure in China steel industry facing are set till 2020 year. Finally，3 kinds of 13 key technologies and a series of strategies and policies are proposed.
		2016 Vol. 51 (1): 1-7 [Abstract] ( 1057 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 0KB] ( 58 )

	8	WU Qiang，ZHU Zi-zong，ZENG Jian-hua，XIONG Hao，MENG Xian-tao，ZHANG Shi-qiao
		Optimization experiment of sinter basicity on low-grade complex ore
		In order to utilize the lean ore resources in Xinjiang rationally and optimize the?blast furnace charge structure， the optimizing experiments on sinter basicity were carried out. In view of the complex ore in Xinjiang，Seven groups of sintering pot tests were conducted. The basicity of all these tests changed among 1.65 and 2.00. Through analyzing the mechanical strength， metallurgical properties and mineral composition of sinter， it is concluded that when the alkalinity was between 1.80 to 1.85， an obvious increase of the SFCA content in sinter can be observed， the ISO drum strength of sinter was comparatively high and the yield can be as high as 78%， the reducibility and low temperature reduction desintegration index of sinter were also improved， and the soft melting range was the narrowest. So it is the optimal basicity range of sinter. However， when the basicity was among 1.65 and 1.75， the drum index declined and the property of molten drop became worse. It is the pulverization basicity interval of sinter， therefore considering the complexity of ore in Xinjiang area， this range should be avoided in sintering production.
		2016 Vol. 51 (1): 8-12 [Abstract] ( 917 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 0KB] ( 68 )

	13	Lü Qing-qing，DU Ping，ZHOU Jun-lan
		Coke deterioration mechanism in lump zone of blast furnace
		The condition of gas flow condition and temperature condition in lump zone of blast furnace is simulated. The impacts of particle size， coke quenching way and coke types affecting coke deterioration in lump zone of blast furnace were studied. In addition， the catalyze mechanism of K2CO3 and Na2CO3 catalyzing CO2 and coke reaction were also studied. The results show that： small size coke and wet quenching coke have higher loss mass and generate more powder than large size coke and dry quenching coke； Stamping coke deterioration degree is less than top charging coke in the initial reaction， as reacting time increases， stamping coke deterioration increases obviously and is higher than that of the top charging coke； Alkali metal and coke ash formed in a kind of catalyst complex. The complex causes that the initial reaction temperature decrease， and destroys the crystal structure， causing loss mass increased and coke getting powdery heavily； The catalytic effect of K2CO3 is higher than Na2CO3.
		2016 Vol. 51 (1): 13-18 [Abstract] ( 844 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 0KB] ( 64 )

	19	MA Huan-xun，WANG Xin-hua，HUANG Fu-xiang，JI Chen-xi，PAN Hong-wei
		Effect of deoxidation technology on cleanliness of low carbon aluminum killed steel
		Two different deoxidation methods for low carbon aluminum killed (LCAK) steel produced by KR-BOF-RH-CC process were compared： a part of aluminum were added when tapping， followed by deoxidation with carbon in RH process， and then fully deoxidated by aluminum (methodⅠ)； full deoxidation by aluminum when tapping， followed by pure cycling and alloying in RH degasser (method Ⅱ). Apart from total oxygen content measurement and analysis of top slag modification， the morphology， composition， and size of non-metallic inclusions during RH refining process and surface layer of continuously-cast slabs and hot rolled coils were analyzed with Automatic Feature Analysis (AFA) equipped on ASPEX PSEM Explorer. The results show that method Ⅱ is superior to method Ⅰin refining slag modification. Furthermore， the inclusions larger than 20 μm are well removed during RH process and method Ⅱ is also more advantageous than method Ⅰin controlling the size of inclusions in the slab and on hot rolled plate surface， as well as number density and total oxygen content.
		2016 Vol. 51 (1): 19-24 [Abstract] ( 1065 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 0KB] ( 44 )

	25	ZHAO Dong-wei，LI Hai-bo，GAO Pan，YANG Jian，HAO Li-xia
		Inclusion formation and deformation in Al-killed wheel steel without calcium treatment
		The formation and deformation mechanism of oxygen inclusions in Al-killed wheel steel without calcium treatment were studied by industrial trials based on systematic sampling and electron microscopy analysis on inclusions morphology， size and composition. It can be found that， under the condition of no calcium treatment， massive MgO-Al2O3 inclusions and CaO-Al2O3 inclusions were formed during LF refining and there was a transformation process from MgO-Al2O3 inclusions to CaO-Al2O3 inclusions during RH refining， which leads to generate massive low-modified CaO-Al2O3 inclusions in slab.；During the process of soft bottom stirring and holding process， there can exist a dynamic equilibrium between reoxidation of molten steel by slag or air and flotation removal of inclusions in ladle； During solidification process， Al2O3 based inclusions surrounding a little MnS were formed because Al2O3 based inclusions provided the position of heterogeneous nucleation of MnS precipitation in the interface of solid and liquid during solidification， which made MnS easier precipitate on the surface of Al2O3 based oxygen inclusions. During hot rolling process， alumina inclusions of clusters were often deformed to chain-like ones， Al2O3 based inclusions surrounding a little MnS to tiny tail-like ones， and low-temperature point CaO-Al2O3 inclusions to long striped ones.
		2016 Vol. 51 (1): 25-32 [Abstract] ( 1053 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 0KB] ( 53 )

	33	WANG Kun-peng，JIANG Min，ZHAO Hao-qian，WANG Xin-hua，WANG Ying
		Contrast on non-metallic inclusions control in wire rods for saw wire
		Inclusions in wire rods for saw wire produced in Kobe steel and a steel works of China were investigated by means of automatic analysis technology using Aspex Explorer. Inclusion size， number density， composition and morphology were studied systematically. The results show that the inclusions of wire rods from Kobe steel are in a low amount and the size is less than 5 μm on cross section. There are two type inclusions in Kobe wire rods， namely， the SiO2 rich SiO2-MnO-Al2O3-(R2O，R=Na、K) type and the low melting point CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MnO-(MgO) type， both of them are elongated during rolling and are nearly harmless. Inclusions of wire rods from China are also classified into two types： SiO2-MnO-Al2O3 and CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MnO-(MgO). The inclusions in wire rods from China are not only in lager amount but also in worse deformability. The inclusions more than 5μm in size were observed on cross section of wire rods from China. Chemical analysis shows[w([Al]s)]is 0.000 4%-0.000 6% and [w(T[O])]is 0.001 2%-0.001 3% in Kobe wire rod while[w([Al]s)]is 0.000 4%-0.000 6% and[w(T[O])]is 0.001 2%-0.001 3% in domestic ones.
		2016 Vol. 51 (1): 33-38 [Abstract] ( 1019 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 0KB] ( 68 )

	39	ZANG Xi-min，DENG Xin，JIANG Zhou-hua，，QIU Tian-yu，LI Chun-xu
		New manufacture of high speed steel 90 mm billets by electroslag remelting withdrawing process
		Carbide segregation at grain boundary is a main reason to reduce high temperature hardness and wear resistance of high speed steel. Electroslag remelting（ESR） technology can effectively improve the distribution and size of carbides in ingot solidification process. The ingot diameter is usually [?]200 mm by traditional ESR，but there are still a large amount of reticulated carbides. The carbide segregation degree can be reduced by further decreasing the size of ingot and increasing the cooling rate. However，it will reduce the production efficiency and increase the cost of production. Therefore，new technology on 90 mm billets by electroslag remelting withdrawing（RESW） with bifilar mode and T-mold was developed. The results indicate that macroscopic organization and the size of grain and carbides of 90 mm billets are better than the [?]200 mm ingot produced by traditional ESR technology. Reticulated carbides in 90 mm billets are easier to be broken into small particles in the sequence forging or rolling process. With same production efficiency，the cost is reduced.
		2016 Vol. 51 (1): 39-45 [Abstract] ( 773 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 0KB] ( 64 )

	46	GONG Jian，，WANG Xian-hui，LI Xian-hao，ZHU Jiang-bo，ZHAO Yan-yu，BAO Yan-ping
		Genetic analysis and control of the surface white sliver defect on the cold-rolled non-oriented silicon steel
		A kind of white sliver defect appeared on the cold-rolled sheet surface of non-oriented electrical steel was systematically investigated in this paper， by performing the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation， slab scarfing examination， slab surface pickling treatment and the stopper blowing-argon experiment. The results show that the white sliver defect is originated from mold slag entrapment， which is related to the activation degree of the molten steel flow and the melting status of the powder. By appropriately increasing the blowing argon flow rate of the stopper， increasing the casting speed and optimizing the physical properties of the mold powder， the occurrence of white sliver defect rate on the cold-rolled sheet surface is reduced from 88% to 8%.
		2016 Vol. 51 (1): 46-51 [Abstract] ( 877 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 0KB] ( 52 )

	52	MAO Xin-ping ，，SUN Xin-jun ，WANG Shui-ze
		Control rolling technology of Ti-microalloyed strip produced by TSCR
		The control rolling model and its mechanism of Ti-microalloyed strip produced by TSCR process in detail is expounded. Based on stress relaxation test and thermal simulation experiment，the austenite recrystallization kinetics of Ti-microalloyed strip produced by TSCR process were discussed and studied. The results show that the recrystallization of the as-cast austenite with very large grains in Ti-microalloyed steel can be finished only after F1 rolling；Recrystallization controlled rolling can be achieved because the TiN precipitating from austenite has strong inhibition effect on the recrystallized grain growth. The inhibitory effect of Ti solute drag and deformation-induced precipitation TiC on austenite recrystallization can prevent the occurrence of austenite recrystallization，and realize non-recrystallization controlled rolling.
		2016 Vol. 51 (1): 52-59 [Abstract] ( 885 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 0KB] ( 59 )

	60	DU Feng-shan，[LU] Zheng，WANG San-zhong，HUANG Hua-gui，SUN Jing-na，XU Zhi-qiang
		Analytical and experimental on the flow rule of molten pool for twin roll strip casting
		According to the similarity principle，a water model experiment platform for Twin-roll strip casting was set up by 1[∶]1，then the influence of casting speed on the flow of molten pool has been studied，and a low-Reynolds-number turbulence mathematic model was developed to study the flow field and the temperature field of the molten pool. The results showed that the backflow occurred at the center region of molten pool by the effects of fluid viscosity and the rollers extrusion. The center region backflow would stir the molten pool and reduce the temperature to some extent which would make the temperature field and solute field uniform and steady. With the casting speed increased，the location of backflow would move down，the area of backflow zone would enlarge，and the effect of backflow would enhance. However，rapid casting speed would exacerbate the fluid level fluctuation or decrease the location of Kiss point excessively，which can affect the production quality.
		2016 Vol. 51 (1): 60-64 [Abstract] ( 786 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 0KB] ( 43 )

	65	XIONG Wen-tao，GUO De-fu，DING Mei-liang，SUN Lin
		Technology of the transverse thickness difference control for cold rolled non-oriented silicon steel
		Currently，the difference of transverse thickness was large in a 1420 mm cold mill in the beginning of the production of cold rolled non-oriented silicon steel. Hence，the quality could hardly meet the requirement of downstream users. To solve the problem，the adaptability of the hot rolled strip for the production of cold rolled non-oriented silicon steel and the strip shape control performance of the UCM were investigated. With the industrial field experiment conducted，combining the finite element analysis of the roll stack deflection，the influence of the different hot rolling and cold rolling processes on the non-oriented silicon steel transverse thickness difference was studied. Consequently，the main hot rolling and cold rolling processes parameters were optimized and a set of technology schedule for non-oriented silicon steel transverse thickness difference control was also proposed. With the technology schedule applied to the industrial production，the hit rate of non-oriented silicon steel transverse thickness difference has been improved a lot. The hit rate within 10 μm rose from less than 60% to 100%. The hit rate within 7 μm came up to 90% .
		2016 Vol. 51 (1): 65-69 [Abstract] ( 913 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 0KB] ( 40 )

	70	SONG Lei，SHEN Ming-gang，YANG Li-po，LIU Jun，，WANG Jun-sheng，，CHEN Xue-bo
		Shape control dimensionality reduction efficiency inherited regulation method of cold rolling wide strip
		Based on high-order Legendre polynomial function and regulation efficacy，the dimensionality reduction efficiency inherited regulation method and the two-loop comprehensive regulation control model are established. First，the l ocal shape information was described by the high-order curve，while the dimension of influence coefficient matrix and the computing amount of power function are reduced， typical shape deviations are synchronous eliminated by using traditional shape control means（tilting roll， roll bending and shifting）. Then，the secondary regulation of finely segmented cooling is carried out for remaining shape deviation， and to remove local wave defects and improve the production stability and shape quality. Examples show that when the order was covered by more than half of strip detection channel number，the fitted curve already contained all the local shape information. For relatively typical bad shape state（about 50 I），the remaining shape deviation was within 15 I after the first regulation，after the secondary regulation，the remaining shape deviation within 8 I，which showed the integrated control effect was ideal.
		2016 Vol. 51 (1): 70-75 [Abstract] ( 924 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 0KB] ( 51 )

	76	DAI Xiao-tian，ZHOU He-min，LI Wei，QI Yuan-hong，WANG Chang-cheng
		Development of HRB500E rebar containing Ni/Cr and vanadium saving by rational resource utilization
		A new method of producing resource saving， high strength， anti-seismic steel rebar was proposed， which could make full use of Ni， Cr elements in hot metal/liquid steel， as lateritic nickel ore was used as one of BF raw material. On the basis of 20MnSi steel， chemical components were designed according to the requirements of HRB500E grade rebar of China national standard. The effects of alloy elements， such as Ni， Cr and V on the mechanical properties of rebar were studied. The results show that， the mechanical properties of rebar met the requirements of HRB500E grade steel when the contents of Ni， Cr contents were 0.25% and the content of V reduced to 0.062%. As for the rebar which did not contain Ni， Cr elements， V content should reach 0.11% to meet the performance requirements of HRB500E grade. V content of HRB500E rebar which contains Ni and Cr is only equivalent to 56.36% of rebar without Ni and Cr. Hence， the effect of vanadium saving is obvious. This method not only saves the resource of vanadium， but also realizes the effective utilization of low-quality lateritic ore.
		2016 Vol. 51 (1): 76-81 [Abstract] ( 937 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 0KB] ( 61 )

	82	HUI Ya-jun，YU Yang，WANG Lin，WANG Chang，CHEN Bin，CHEN Jin
		Strain induced precipitation of second phase in titanium microalloyed IF steel
		The second phase precipitation behavior of the Ti-microalloyed interstitial free steel was studied by using stress relaxation method on Gleeble 3500 thermal simulation testing machine. The results showed that the strain induced curves showed three stages，which was caused by precipitation. The precipitation - time - temperature curve of the Ti-IF steel showed a typical "C "shape， the fastest precipitation temperature was about 900 ℃ which was called nose point. And the start and finish time of the second phase precipitation were 10 seconds and 160 seconds， respectively at 900 ℃. With the increase of the isothermal relaxation time， the number of precipitates increased significantly. When the relaxation time exceeded the finish time of precipitation， the amounts of precipitates increased hardly. And the precipitates will grow during the precipitation process. Three kinds of precipitates were observed in Ti-IF steel， which were TiN， Ti4C2S2， and TiC. Because of almost the same shape and size of Ti4C2S2 and TiC precipitates， they can’t be distinguished from each other. And they were easy to precipitate along the austenite grain boundaries or sub-grain boundaries， sub-grain size of Austenite distributed 0.1-0.4μm. Strain-induced precipitation amount at 900 ℃ was more than that of 800 ℃， which is consistent with the results of PPT curve. For Ti-IF steel， in order to obtain coarse and sparse second phase particles， the hot-rolled process of "three low and one high" rapid and large depress should be adopted to improve the drawability.
		2016 Vol. 51 (1): 82-89 [Abstract] ( 802 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 0KB] ( 72 )

	90	WANG Shuo，LIU Guang-xing，TAN Shu-ping
		Analysis of aged microstructure and mechanical properties of tempaloy AA-1
		The relationship between the precipitation of M23C6 carbide and mechanical properties was investigated after the 650 ℃ aging process of Tempaloy AA-1. The microstructure and corresponding fracture surface under impact and tensile tests of the Tempaloy AA-1 with 0 ， 500 ， 1 000 ， 5 000 and 8 000 h aging duration were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The results show that the ocuurrence and distribution at grain boundary of M23C6 carbide were found， as the aging time of Tempaloy AA-1 increases. Due to the grain boundary strengthening， the Tempaloy AA-1 aged for 500 h showed a maximum yield strength and tensile strength. The obvious growth of M23C6 carbide at grain boundaries with increasing aging time to 8 000 h made grain boundary strengthening become weaken， resulting in a slight decrease of strength. There is no obvious reunion of M23C6 carbide after long time aging， as a result， the Tempaloy AA-1 material still has good ageing impact toughness. The good mechanical properties and impact toughness after aging is due to the good microstructure stability of Tempaloy AA-1 after long time aging.
		2016 Vol. 51 (1): 90-93 [Abstract] ( 879 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 0KB] ( 68 )

	94	LI Lei，CHEN Wei，CHEN De-min，YANG Ke
		Oxidation behavior of 00Cr25Ni22Mo2N austenitic stainless steel at high temperature
		The oxidation kinetics of 00Cr25Ni22Mo2N austenitic stainless steel at different temperatures was studied by thermal gravity analysis (TGA) method. The results showed that the linear isothermal oxidation kinetic curve at 700 ℃ paralleled to the time axis， indicating that the oxidation hardly occurred. While， the oxidation kinetic curves followed a parabolic rate law at 800 and 900 ℃， suggesting that the 00Cr25Ni22Mo2N stainless steel possessed superior high temperature oxidation resistance. The surface and cross section morphologies and the phase composition of the oxide film on the steel at different temperatures were examined by SEM， EDS， and XRD. The results showed that sticking and compact oxide films were formed on the surface of 00Cr25Ni22Mo2N stainless steel. The oxide film was thin and composed of Cr2O3 and Fe2O3 at 700 ℃. While a thicker oxide film was formed at 800 ℃， which consisted of Cr2O3， Fe2O3 and small amount of NiCr2O4， FeCr2O4. As the temperature increased to 900 ℃， the oxide film also consisted of Cr2O3， Fe2O3 and NiCr2O4， and the thickness of the oxide film was further increased. It is suggested that the composition and structure of the oxide film contributed to the excellent high temperature oxidation resistant performance of 00Cr25Ni22Mo2N austenitic stainless steel.
		2016 Vol. 51 (1): 94-98 [Abstract] ( 1101 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 0KB] ( 66 )

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