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	2017 Vol. 52 No. 6
	Published: 2017-06-15

	1	YIN Rui-yu
		A discussion on “smart” steel plant—view from physical system side
		Steel industry is a typical process manufacturing industry， and the manufacturing process represents its physical essence. Through the study on inherent characteristics of the steel manufacturing process， the understanding of the “smart” of a steel plant were described. The connotations and promoting way of the “smart” steel plant were discussed， including engineering design of the “smart” steel plant， logistics of the “smart” steel plant， organization and management of the mass flow， the energy flow and the information flow of the “smart” steel plant， managing and services of “smart” steel plant， etc. It is indicated that the operating network structure and operating program optimization of the physical system of the “smart” manufacturing process should be guided by dynamic-orderly， synergistic-continuous operation. As the body， the physical system， i.e. the manufacturing process system， can be integrated with the “smart” information system to realize self-sensing， self-decision， self-execution， self-adaption during the processes of dynamic operation， management， service， etc. in the whole plant.To construct a “smart” steel plant， the physical essence of the dynamic operation of manufacturing process should be understood profoundly， physical models rooted in process operating elements， their optimal operating network and operating program should be established. Then networking and layering models of the information flow in the whole process can be built. The “smart” of the steel plant not only covers the digital?information system， but also pays high attention to the study on the physical system. Besides， it must be a cyber-physical system integrated with three synergistic networks of the mass flow， the energy flow and the information flow with physical inputs and outputs. Finally， it is stressed that the “smart” of a steel plant must focus on not only the research and development of the digital?information system， but also the structure optimization and operation program optimization of the mass flow network and the energy flow network in the manufacturing process（physical system）. Through the mutual integration of the network structure optimization of the manufacturing process and the digital?information system， a “smart” steel plant can be realized.
		2017 Vol. 52 (6): 1-12 [Abstract] ( 1061 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 0KB] ( 69 )

	13	HAN Wei-gang，LI Xiu-ping，LIU Jian-hua，ZHANG Chun-xia，ZHOU Ji-cheng，SHI Xin-yue
		Temperature drop of hot metal during BF tapping in Shougang Jingtang
		In order to research the temperature drop of hot meatal during BF tapping， temperature of hot metal in casthouse runners and ladles from 5 500 m3 BF of Shougang Jingtang was tested. The results showed that hot metal temperature in casthouse runners had a periodic fluctuation. The temperature of residual hot metal in runners decreased with a rate of 0.92 ℃/min during tapping hole blocked. After the tapping hole was opened about 40 min were taken for the temperature in runners to rise up to about 1 475 ℃. Ending ladle was critical to affect the temperature of hot metal in ladles. The temperature of hot metal in ending ladles was 25 ℃ lower than that in normal ladles and related to amount of hot metal charged in the first charging period. It was easier to get a higher average temperature if ending ladles were the second ladle to be charged in than be the first.
		2017 Vol. 52 (6): 13-17 [Abstract] ( 598 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 0KB] ( 59 )

	18	MA Fu-tao，ZHANG Jian-liang，LIU Yun-cai
		BF burden distribution numerical simulation based on genetic algorithm
		In order to further improve the practicability of BF burden distribution numerical model. Based on the present status of BF burden distribution numerical simulation， burden distribution theory and artificial intelligence algorithms are both applied to establish the whole throat burden layer numerical simulation model， which solves the defects and difficulties of previous models. Besides， model calculations and simulation effects are compared and discussed in this paper. The simulation results show that， continuous and complex burden distribution process can be well simulated by the newly created model， and good adaptability is represented. Compared with the previous models， the simulation effects are closer to the reality.
		2017 Vol. 52 (6): 18-25 [Abstract] ( 883 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 0KB] ( 74 )

	26	CHENG Ri-jin，NI Hong-wei，ZHANG Hua，JIA Shao-kai，XIONG Shan
		Thermodynamics of arsenic removal from arsenic-bearing iron ores with sintering process and dust ash by roasting
		In order to study the arsenic removal by sintering of iron ore and roasting of dust ash，the effects of different oxygen?partial?pressures， temperatures and basicities on the equilibrium compositions，dearsenication rate about arsenic-bearing ores with sintering， and the final morphology of arsenic were investigated by FactSage thermodynamic analysis software， and thermodynamic study on the process of arsenic removal by roasting from dust ash was carried out. Sintering test was carried out in combination with sintering cup， and the roasting experiment about dust ash in multi atmosphere was carried out to verify the thermodynamic analysis. The XRD， SEM and EDS were used to analyze the ore phases. The research results show that arsenic removal product and dearsenication rate are closely related to the temperature， oxygen partial pressure and basicity. In the process of sintering， the residue of arsenic in the sinter mainly exists in the solid state arsenate， and the other arsenic is removed in gaseous As4O6（g）.The arsenic in the dust ash exists in solid state As2O3（s） and As2O5（s）. In the air or anaerobic atmosphere， arsenic transfers into arsenate as roasting of dust ash. However， roasting of dush ash with added coal above 600 ℃ could cause the arsenic to be volatilizedasg as eous As4（g）， and precipitated as arsenic below 400 ℃.
		2017 Vol. 52 (6): 26-33 [Abstract] ( 683 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 0KB] ( 84 )

	34	HUANG Yu，XIE You，CHENG Guo-guang，CHEN Lie，ZHANG Yan-dong，YAN Qing-zhong
		Formation mechanism and control of Mg-Al-O inclusions in H13 steel
		The compositions of the forging materials and oxide inclusions in the H13 steel produced through protective atmosphere electro slag remelting process (PESR) and common electro slag remelting process(ESR)were analyzed. The formation mechanism and control of Mg-Al-O inclusions in H13 steel were studied and the dominant area was calculated through the thermodynamic software Factsage. The results showed that the oxygen content of H13 steel produced by PESR is only 0.001 5%， the oxide inclusions were mainly MgO·Al2O3 and the inclusion proportion of small size at 1-3 μm reached to 62.5%. However， the oxygen content of H13 steel produced by ESR reached to 0.002 4%， the oxide inclusions were mainly 72.5%Al2O3＋27.5%MgO·Al2O3 and the proportion of large size at 5-8 μm is 4% while the proportion ofthe small size at 1-3 μm just accounts for 37.8%. The size of Al2O3 was larger than MgO·Al2O3. The changes of [Mg] and [O] content in liquid steel have great influence on the dominant area of MgO·Al2O3， and the high [Mg] content and low [O] content were beneficial to the formation of MgO·Al2O3， but decrease the size of oxide inclusions in H13 steel. However， the inclusion of MgO·Al2O3 at large size can be the heterogeneous nuclei of (Ti，Nb，V)(C，N)， which will be discussed in the future.
		2017 Vol. 52 (6): 34-39 [Abstract] ( 402 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 0KB] ( 64 )

	40	ZENG Jia-qing，YANG Li-bin，WANG Jie，LIU Xiao-liang，YAO Tong-lu，DAI Shi-fan
		Effect of bottom blowing on dephosphorization technology in combined blowing converter
		Reasonable dephosphorization mechanism and opportunity were proposed through discussion of dephosphorization trend and drawbacks of conventional dephosphorization in the current study. On the basis of thermodynamics and dynamic analysis on dephosphorization in BOF， it showed that bottom blowing was the main dynamics means to improve dephosphorization efficiency， which could balance the stir of slag-steel interface and dephosphorization temperature control. The study results of slag mass transfer simulation showed that there was a suitable matching relationship between the bottom blowing element number and bottom blowing intensity. With the bottom blowing intensity increased， the number of bottom blowing element should be increased. Long life combined with blowing effects depended not only on rational selection， number， layout of elements and supply patterns， but also on scientific bottom blowing maintenance technology.
		2017 Vol. 52 (6): 40-44 [Abstract] ( 624 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 0KB] ( 60 )

	45	WANG Duo-gang，，YU Da-jun，ZUO Kang-lin
		Analysis of aluminum consumption from deoxidation of ladle argon stirring steels and effect of deoxidization technology on inclusions
		Through the production data of ladle argon stirring steel smelting in 250 t converter，it was found that deoxidization technology during the tapping process had significantly affected the deoxidization consumption. Compared with the incomplete-deoxidization technology during the tapping process，the unit aluminum consumption of the complete-deoxidization technology was about 0.28 kg/t higher，but the utilization of aluminum deoxidization was about 8.3% lower. The unit aluminum consumption of deoxidization increased gradually with the increase of converter end-point temperature and dissolved oxygen content. Meanwhile the increase of converter end-point temperature would promote the increase of dissolved oxygen content. Through the inclusion analysis of SPHC slabs in the two deoxidization technologies，it was found that the total oxygen contents in slabs were equivalent about 0.002 0% in both deoxidization technologies at the macro aspect，the nitrogen content was about 0.002 0% in incomplete-deoxidization technology，whereas the nitrogen content was about 0.002 5% in complete-deoxidization technology. The main inclusions in slabs included Al2O3，Al2O3-MnS，Oxide and[MnS/MnS-CuxS]at micro aspect. Compared with incomplete-deoxidization technology， the average size of Al2O3 inclusion of complete-deoxidization technology decreased about 0.6 μm，the proportion of Al2O3 inclusion and sulfide inclusion decreased about 25% and 5% respectively，and the proportion of Al2O3-MnS inclusions increased about 20%. The decrease of Al2O3 inclusion size was available to formation of Al2O3-MnS inclusion.
		2017 Vol. 52 (6): 45-51 [Abstract] ( 578 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 0KB] ( 62 )

	52	CHAI Xiao-jun，LI Hong-bo，ZHANG Jie，ZHOU Yi-zhong， MA Heng-hao，ZHANG Peng-wu
		Transverse distribution law of rolling force and its prediction model in hot rolling
		Transverse distribution of rolling force has great significance for the building of the integration model consisting of roller and rolled piece and the prediction of wear contour of work roller. In order to characterize the transverse distribution of rolling force， several indexes have been proposed：edge value to center value ratio，degree of high order，degree of linear asymmetry，degree of cubic asymmetry. A 3D elastic-plastic model based on the finite element method whose boundary condition was set up by the rolling force measured in the rolling spot has been built to study the transverse distribution with different rolling factors. Because of the combined action of all the factors，it is difficult to establish an explicit function. Therefore，instead of traditional mathematical function，an artificial neural network based on the FEM simulation results has been established，which lays an important foundation for the establishment of rapid integration model consisting of roller and rolled piece.
		2017 Vol. 52 (6): 52-60 [Abstract] ( 612 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 0KB] ( 71 )

	61	LI Wei-gang，，FENG Ning，WANG Shen-de，YAN Bao-kang
		Research and development of deformation desistance model for phase transformation process of hot-rolled strips
		For the hot-rolled strip with phase transformation process existing in finishing rolling stage， its variation laws of deformation resistance with rolling temperature are significantly different from that of conventional austenitic rolled strip， which makes the prediction error by the traditional deformation resistance model relative large and affects the rolling stability seriously. Therefore， a new model of deformation resistance during hot rolling phase transformation process was developed. A new phase transformation trend term that was a quadratic polynomial function of rolling temperature was added on the basis of the original deformation resistance model， and the undetermined parameters of different steel grade are fine optimized according to the steel grade classification. This model is applied to online calculation for the prediction of deformation resistance in Lianyuan steel CSP production line. The practical application shows that the prediction accuracy of deformation resistance and roll force is significantly improved after using the new built model. Then the proportion of predicted roll force within the prediction error of 12% increased from 83.3% to 96.7%， which meet the rolling stability requirements of these hot rolled strips with phase transformation during finishing rolling process.
		2017 Vol. 52 (6): 61-66 [Abstract] ( 622 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 0KB] ( 81 )

	67	GONG Qian-jiang，，，，LIANG Yi-long，，，，YANG Ming，，，，JIANG Yun，，，，XU Xiang，，，
		Phenomenological constitutive model and dynamic recrystallization behavior of 20CrMnTiH steel
		The high temperature hot deformation behavior of 20CrMnTiH steel at deformation temperature in the range of 850-1 150 ℃ and strain rate in the range of 0.01-10 s－1 was discussed by isothermal compression test on Gleeble-3800 thermal simulation test machine. The phenomenological constitutive equation and dynamic recrystallization model of 20CrMnTiH steel were established by mathematical regression method and thermodynamic irreversible principle， and the constitutive model compensated by strain was verified effectively. The true stress-strain curve showed that the deformation temperature and strain rate had significant effects on the deformation temperature and strain rate on 20CrMnTiH steel and exhibited positive strain rate sensitivity and negative temperature sensitivity. There was a good correlation[(R＝0.976 64)]between the calculated flow stress values and the experimental values， and the average relative error was 5.544 2%. In the hardening rate and flow stress curves， the critical stress σc and the critical strain εc value of dynamic recrystallization under different deformation conditions by single parameter method and solving the inflection point method have been obtained， and the critical stress and critical strain and Zener-Hollomon parameters of the mathematical model[(ε≥εc＝0.007 9lnZ－0.153 23)]were established， and the critical strain[εc]increased with the increase of temperature compensated strain rate factors[Z.]
		2017 Vol. 52 (6): 67-75 [Abstract] ( 622 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 0KB] ( 65 )

	76	LI Hao，CHAI Feng，YANG Cai-fu，SU Hang，LUO Xiao-bing
		Pitting corrosion of low alloy steel in environment of strongly acidic solution containing chloride ion
		The corrosion rate and pitting behavior of traditional and corrosion-resisting low alloy steel in strongly acidic solution containing chloride ion were investigated at different temperatures， according to the test method of Performance Standard for Corrosion Resistant Steel Cargo Oil Tanks of Crude Oil Tankers adopted by International Maritime Organization （IMO）. The results indicated that corrosion rates of the anti-corrosion steel， which contained Cu and Ni elements， were decreased by more than 90% at most compared to conventional steel under various temperatures. Furthermore， anti-corrosion steel could decrease the number of pitting and suppress pitting extension. The granular corrosion products which were white and partly located in the pitting were turned out to be Cu deposition. The Cu redeposit particles which covered the surface and inside the pitting， made the corrosion potential higher. The Cu redeposit particles on the specimens surface and inside the pits suppressed the extension of the pitting to the deeper.
		2017 Vol. 52 (6): 76-82 [Abstract] ( 515 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 0KB] ( 61 )

	83	CHAO Yue-lin，，ZHANG Wei，DENG Su-huai，SUN Qi-song，LIU Yang-bo
		Mechanism and application analysis on improved plasticity and toughness of 65Mn wire rod steel through low-temperature rolling
		In the current article，the conventional process，open rolling and finish rolling at low temperature were studied， and influence ofthe rolling at low temperature on improved plasticity and toughness of 65Mn steel was analyzed. Microstructure， angle between grains， grain size and spacing between pearlite lamella were analyzed through optical microscope（OM）， scanning electron microscope（SEM） and electron back-scattered diffraction （EBSD）. The results showed that the area reduction （Z）of 65Mn steel increased and the circle fluctuations decreased through the process at low temperature. Angel between grains， small grain size and spacing between pearlite lamella were the key to affect the plasticity and toughness of 65Mn steel.
		2017 Vol. 52 (6): 83-86 [Abstract] ( 550 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 0KB] ( 52 )

	87	ZHANG Zhao-hui，LIU Chuang，ZHAO Fu-cai，LIU Shi-feng，KONG Wei-ming，QIN Cai-jie
		Influence of inclusions on fromation of acicular ferrite in 20MnSi steel
		Phase transformations of 20MnSi steel during a continuous cooling process were examined through thermal simulation experiments. Samples with intracrystalline acicular ferrite （IAF） were obtained via deoxidization by adding CaC2， silicon-calcium wire and heat treatment. Additionally， the microhardness of the IAF area was determined through a microhardness tester， and the IAF microstructure was observed with an optical microscope. The inclusion properties that induced IAF nucleation were analyzed by a scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectrometry. The results showed that the cooling rate of IAF formation in 20MnSi steel was in the range of 5-20 ℃/s. Furthermore， inclusions that could induce the nucleation of intracrystalline acicular ferrite were mainly composed of MnS， followed by MnO·SiO2 and MnS·SiO2. The size of the three types of inclusions were primarily <3 μm. The nucleation of IAF induced by MnS was determined by stress-strain energy and inert interfacial energy. Heating at high temperature and isothermal heat preservation may lead to a reduced or absent Mn-depleted zone （MDZ）， which is not conducive to the formation of acicular ferrite. Inclusions with high melting temperature could contribute to the nucleation of acicular ferrite. Composite inclusions and inclusions as inlays may be able provide more suitable nucleation areas for acicular ferrite， and promoted the nucleation and subsequent growthof the additional acicular ferrite.
		2017 Vol. 52 (6): 87-93 [Abstract] ( 591 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 0KB] ( 66 )

	94	LI Yan，ZHANG Liang-liang，YU Yang，LIU Hong-ming，QI Da，GAO Xiao-li
		Analysis and control of coarse surface of galvanized dual phase steel
		Hot dip galvanized steel with high strength such as DP （dual phase） steel has been widely produced. During the galvanizing process of DP steel， coarse surface defect isfound on the surface of the zinc layer which causes severe colour difference between the edge and the middle of the strip. Coarse surface defect has very bad effect on the surface quality of the galvanized strip. The abnormal increasement of the roughness， the uneven zinc layer， the low-quality inhibition layer and the microcrack on the substrate surface are always in company with the coarse surface defect. The microcrack on the substrate surface is considered to be the main reason of the coarse surface defect of the DP steel. The microstructure of the hot rolled strip and the reduction ratio of the cold rolling process are the key factors to determine the microcrack on the substrate surface. The formation of the microcrack on the substrate surface can be eliminated by optimizing the microstructure of the hot rolled strip and reducing the reduction ratio of the cold rolling process and the coarse surface problem can be solved effectively.
		2017 Vol. 52 (6): 94-100 [Abstract] ( 604 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 0KB] ( 82 )

	101	LIU Yuan-yi，ZHOU Sheng-hua
		Practice on stable production operation of Laiwu Steel’s No.21 880 m3 BF at post campaign
		Based on the operation features of No.2 1 880 m3 BF at the later stage of campaign in Laiwu Steel， technical measures are carried out， such as increasing tuyere length， optimizing the burden distribution rules， and controlling pellet， raw ore and coke nut blending rules. Then the goals that BF operation is smooth and stable， and optimization index gets improved are realized. The actual production shows that increasing the length of tuyere is beneficial for making active hearth center， and the coordination of the upper and lower system should be concerned at the same time.After the nut coke is tiled closely to the position of the furnace wall， the permeability and reducibility of the peripheral ore layer will be improved. The stability of peripheral gas flow and water temperature difference of cooling stave will also be promoted. It is advantageous to reduce the heat loss of the furnace body， which is beneficial to reduce the consumption of blast furnace.
		2017 Vol. 52 (6): 101-106 [Abstract] ( 434 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 0KB] ( 66 )

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