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2019 Vol. 54 No. 3
Published: 2019-03-15
1
KANG Yong-lin， TIAN Peng， ZHU Guo-ming
Progress and trend on hot wide strip endless rolling technology
Firstly， the development history and the trend of the hot wide strip endless rolling technology are reviewed and the metallurgical process characteristics of the hot wide strip produced by different process are compared. Secondly， from the aspects of the size precision and the uniformity of microstructure-properties for the endless rolled strip， the stable mass production of extra-thin strip， the yield rate， the process energy consumption， as well as steel varieties and applications， the development and application of the hot wide strip endless rolling technology in China is summarized and analyzed. At the same time， microstructure-properties analyses and process control methods of the endless rolled low carbon/extra low carbon steel are discussed in detail with examples. Finally， development proposals for the hot wide strip endless rolling technology are proposed in combination with the actual production conditions of production lines， the capacity and products in China.
2019 Vol. 54 (3): 1-8 [
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SHANG Hai-xia1， LI Hai-ming2， WEI Ru-fei2， LONG Hong-ming2， LI Kai3， LIU Wen-chen4
Progress and trend on hot wide strip endless rolling technology
In the production process of iron and steel enterprises，a large amount of dust and sludge with iron element as the main component is produced. Iron and steel dust sludge is an important part of solid waste in iron and steel industry. It contains valuable elements such as iron，carbon，zinc，potassium，sodium and so on. If it is stacked or discharged directly，it will inevitably cause environmental pollution. And the valuable elements in the Iron and steel dust sludge are not used effectively. Iron and steel enterprises should choose appropriate methods and equipment based on understanding the composition characteristics of different types of dust sludge，defining the final purpose and effect of the recycling and utilization of dust sludge. The utilization technology and method of iron and steel dust sludge are analyzed，and the main direction of dust sludge treatment in the future is put forward，which is the combination of fire and wet process.
2019 Vol. 54 (3): 9-17 [
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ZHANG Xue-song1，2， XU Meng1，2， WU Jian-long1，2， WANG Wei1，2
Sulfur analysis and measures for reducing sulfur in ironmaking process of Shougang Jingtang
By the calculation and the analysis of the sulfur balance in the sintering， the pelletizing， the blast furnace process in Shougang Jingtang， the following conclusions are found. The maximum mass of the sulfur load of sinter is the mixed ore， accounting for about 43% of the total sulfur content， and the maximum mass of the sulfur load of the pellet is ore powder， accounting for up to 98% of the total sulfur content， and the maximum mass of the sulfur load of the blast furnace is fuel， accounting for up to 94% of the total sulfur content. By analyzing the sulfur distribution in each process， the measures for reducing the sulfur content of waste gas in the sintering， the pelletizing， the blast furnace process are obtained， which is reducing the ratio of high sulfur content ore powder （such as Peru powder， self produced powder etc） and reducing the sulfur content in the fuel. At the same time， the alkalinity and the temperature of the hot metal should be further improved.
2019 Vol. 54 (3): 18-22 [
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23
SONG Yang， DI Zhan-xia， LIU Ying， LONG Hong-ming， WANG Ping
Deadman status and its influence on hot metal flow in blast furnace hearth
In order to judged deadman status and its influence on hot metal flow in a blast furnace hearth.The deadman status is first judged， then the flow of the hot metal is simulated. The results show that the deadman status is sitting when the large blast furnace is normal tapping. When the deadman is at middle sitting， the velocity of the hot metal in the coke-free zone is larger than that in the coke zone， and the shear stress is great on the side wall of the hearth， and the erosion of the area under the taphole in the side wall is more serious.
2019 Vol. 54 (3): 23-28,34 [
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29
LIU Yang1，2， LI Dong-tao1，2， MA Chao1，2， ZHAO Peng1，2， HE Ya-bin1，2， XU Rong-guang1，2
Relationship between asphalt percentage and coke quality
In order to improve the strength and the grain size of the coke， the effect of different asphalt addition methods， adding or directly adding in the briquette， and different bitumen adding proportions on the coke quality of the coal blending were studied by a 40 kg experimental coke oven. The results showed that with the proportion of bitumen into the briquette was 6%， the strength and the granularity of the coke were obviously improved with the proportion of the briquette increasing， which given a good correlation between the proportion of bitumen and its strength and granularity. When 30% proportion of briquette was added， there was a high correlation between the ratio of bitumen in the briquette and the quality of the coke. The coke with better cold strength and particle size composition can be obtained by adding 1.8% asphalt into the briquette， but its thermal strength was slightly worse.
2019 Vol. 54 (3): 29-34 [
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35
LEI Jia-liu1， ZHAO Dong-nan1， ZHU Hang-yu2， JIANG Yue-dong3
A thermodynamic model of desulfurization for CaO-SiO2-MgO-Al2O3-Na2O slag based on IMCT theory
In order to accurately characterize the desulfurization capacity of the Na2O-containing slag system and improve the desulfurization effect， the thermodynamic model for the mass action concentrations calculation for the CaO-SiO2-MgO-Al2O3-Na2O slag system and the thermodynamic model of the desulfurization for the slag at 1 753 K were established， based on the ion and molecule coexistence theory （IMCT）. Then the influence factors of total sulfur distribution ratio and the respective sulfur distribution ratio of the slag were discussed and analyzed. The theoretical results showed that， aparting from the LS， MgS， with the increasing of the mass percent of Al2O3， the desulfurization capacity of the slag significantly decreased. While the increasing of the mass percent of MgO and Na2O can significantly promote the desulfurization capability of the slag. In addition， a small amount of the mass percent of Na2O showed a strong effect on the desulphurization capability， which provided a theoretical basis for the application of the Na2O-containing secondary metallurgical resources and the optimization of the desulfurization slag system in the desulphurization process for the hot metal.
2019 Vol. 54 (3): 35-41 [
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42
XU Zhang-yin1，2， LI Bao-wei2， ZHAO Zeng-wu2
Oxidation of carbon and silicon in Nb-bearing hot metal
In order to investigate the oxidation pattern of the Nb in Nb-bearing hot metal， the oxidizing relation among Si， C and Nb in the hot metal at 1 550 ℃ was studied by the bottom-blown oxygen atmosphere in an intermediate frequency furnace with no slag or CaO-SiO2-Al2O3 slag with basicity of 0.538 or 1.5； equilibrium calculations about Si， C and other elements in the hot metal during blowing process were also carried out using FactSage software with various basicity of slag and without slag at various temperatures. The results show that C is oxidized in preference to Si in hot metal with the relatively low basicity slag at high temperature while Si is oxidized in preference to C with the high basicity slag at low temperature. The transition temperature of Si and C oxidization is 1 490 ℃. At blowing end in experiments， Nb couldn't be oxidized in the hot metal until the mass percent of Si decreases to 0.138% with the slag of basicity of 1.5. Moreover，the mass percent of Nb doesn't change when the mass percent of Si increases to 0.56% and the mass percent of C decreases to 0.61% in the case of the slag basicity of 0.538. The Nb-contained hot metal can be made to Nb-steel with low basicity slag at a high blowing temperature.
2019 Vol. 54 (3): 42-46 [
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SUN Jian-liang1，2， LI Kai1， DU Xing-ming1， PENG Yan1，2
Straightening process of longitude profiled plate based on matching straightening roller system
Applying the conventional straightening roller system in straightening the longitude profiled plate will severely reduce the straightening range and efficiency of the longitude profiled plate. In order to improve the thickness range and straightening quality of the longitude profiled plate，a longitude profiled plate straightening method based on a matching roller system method （large diameter straightening roller system and small diameter straightening roller system）was proposed. Firstly，the relationship between the roll diameter and the roll distance of the straightening machine based on the matching roller system was studied. The matching roller system of longitude profiled plate straightening machine was designed，the straightening technology of longitude profiled plate was proposed. Then，the partition principle of the longitude profiled plate with the matching roller straightening machine was studied. The finite element model of longitude profiled plate straightening process based on the matching roller system was established，and the simulation results were consistent with the measured results，which verified the correctness of the finite element model. Finally，the straightening process of the longitude profiled plate based on the matching roller system was simulated. The straightening force and residual stress of the longitude profiled plate under the conventional roller system and the matching roller system were calculated. The influence of different plate thickness partition on the straightening effect of the longitude profiled plate was analyzed. The results show that the designed matching roller system is suitable for the straightening of the longitude profiled plate and the straightening effect is better.
2019 Vol. 54 (3): 47-55,62 [
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56
ZHANG Yu-tao， YANG Guang-hui， ZHANG Gao-shang， HAN Yue-lin
Metal transverse flow of strips rolled by 2 250 mm CVC 4-high hot rolling mill
To improve the flatness control precision of the 2 250 mm CVC 4-high hot rolling mill， the nonlinear software MSC Marc was used to establish the dynamic rigid roll-elastoplastic strip coupling model. In order to improve the accuracy of the simulation，the shape of the loaded roll gap was calculated with the static elastic rolls-elastoplastic strip coupling model as the initial roll shape of the dynamic simulation. It was found that the metal transverse flow of strips gradually increased with the increasing of the distance from the center of strips by analysis. Friction is an important factor which affects the metal transverse flow among different thicknesses of metal. The metal comprehensive transverse flow of strips was linear with the reduction rate，the roll bending force，the initial strip crown and the work roll shifting. The influence coefficient function of each factor was established for the quantitative analysis and orthogonal experiments were tested to judge their interaction relations through the variance analysis. Finally，an interpolation calculation model of metal transverse flow of strips was established and its correctness was verified by simulation results. An important reference for the online shape control of the corresponding rolling mill is provided.
2019 Vol. 54 (3): 56-62 [
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63
GONG Zhi-hua1，2， HE Zhen3， BAO Han-sheng1， YANG Gang1
Hot deformation behavior of 2Cr12NiMo1W1V heat resistant steel used for supercritical steam turbine blades
In order to solve the problem of coarse grain and microstructure uniformity of 2Cr12NiMo1W1V heat resistant steel during forging process，the hot deformation characteristics and dynamic recrystallization behavior at the temperature range of 1 000-1 200 ℃ and strain rate range of 0.01-10 s－1 under 70% deformation were investigated by means of hot compression tests with Gleeble-3800. The results show that the true stress-strain curve of the alloy has dynamic recrystallization characteristics. The recrystallized grain size increases with the increase of deformation temperatures or the decrease of deformation rates. The grains grow fast when deform at 0.01 s－1 with temperature range of 1 150-1 200 ℃. The constitutive equation is established on basis of the true stress-strain curves and the activation energy（Q）was obtained as about 453.74 kJ/mol. The hot working maps are developed based on the peak stress and show variations of the efficiency of power dissipation related to temperature and strain rate. The optimum hot working temperature and strain rate interval are 1 000-1 150 ℃ and 0.1-1 s－1，1 060-1 125 ℃ and 0.1-10 s－1 respectively.
2019 Vol. 54 (3): 63-68 [
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WANG Zhan-hua1， HUI Wei-jun1， ZHANG Yong-jian1， HAO Yan-ying2， DAI Guan-wen2
High-cycle fatigue properties of controlled rolling and cooling microalloyed medium-carbon forging steels
Most engineering components made of microalloyed medium carbon steels experience cyclic loading in serve，and thus high fatigue performance is also required. In order to evaluate the fatigue behavior of microalloyed medium carbon steel manufactured through controlled rolling and cooling process，high-cycle fatigue properties of a commonly used V-microalloyed medium carbon forging steel 38MnVS and a medium carbon forging steel 38MnS for comparison were studied by using rotating bending fatigue test. The results show that the ferrite fraction is increased and the microstructure is refined for the 38MnVS steel compared with that of the 38MnS steel. Physical-chemical phase analysis of the 38MnVS steel shows that about 54% V of the total V in the steel is tied up in the M（C，N） precipitates，while the mass percent of fine particles （less than 10 nm） is about 32% and the corresponding yield strength increment is about 116 MPa. There is an increase of about 62 MPa of fatigue limit，i.e. a relative increase of about 18%，of the 38MnVS steel compared with that of the 38MnS steel. The fatigue limit ratio increased from 0.43 for the 38MnS to 0.48 for the 38MnVS steel. It is revealed that the precipitation strengthening of fine M（C，N） particles and microstructure refining are primarily responsible for the enhanced fatigue property of the 38MnVS steel though it is still lower than that of the as-forged medium carbon steel. A simple method of estimating the fatigue limit of ferritic-pearlitic medium carbon steel is proposed based on the results of this study and those in the literature.
2019 Vol. 54 (3): 69-75 [
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ZHANG Xiao-dong1， XIA Dian-xiu1， WANG Shou-ren1， ZHANG Yun-shan2
Effect of austenitizing temperature on quenching microstructure and properties of 51CrV4 steel
In order to find out the optimum austenitizing temperature and the best comprehensive mechanical properties of 51CrV4 steel，the effects of austenitizing temperature on the quenching microstructure and properties of 51CrV4 steel were studied. The results show that with the increase of austenitizing temperature，the austenite grains gradually grow and the hardness increases first and then decreases，and the strength after tempering at 460 ℃ increases first and then decreases. When the austenitizing temperature is 880 ℃，the austenite grains are fine and uniform，the martensite structure is dense，the strength and hardness reach maximum. When the austenitizing temperature reaches 910 ℃，the decarburization phenomenon is obvious，and the strength，hardness and plasticity of the test steel decrease obviously. The research shows that in order to ensure uniform grain size and no decarburization under the premise of complete austenitization，the best austenitizing temperature of 51CrV4 steel for good performance is 880 ℃.
2019 Vol. 54 (3): 76-81,95 [
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JIN Yang-fan， ZANG Qi-yu， ZHANG Tuo， YANG Yi-tao
Reasonable proportioning relationship between Nb and C of Cr13 series casting martensitic stainless steel
As a common micro-alloying element，Nb element is often used to refine the grain to improve strength and toughness of steel. However，the study on the quantitative relationship between Nb element and carbide mass percent and the reasonable ratio of Nb and C in stainless steel is not enough. The way Nb mass percent effect on the microstructure and carbides of 1Cr13 and 3Cr13 was observed and analyzed，a reasonable equation of C-Nb relation and the influence of these two elements on carbide mass percent of quantitative relationship have been obtained. Experiment results show that Nb elements can promote the precipitation of carbide and changing the composition of carbides （Nb element can be found in carbides）. By the way，with the increase of Nb mass percent，the carbide in Cr13 series martensitic stainless steel increases exponentially. Finally，the mass percent of carbide and the mass percents of C and Nb in Cr13 series martensitic stainless steels has an exponential relationship. At the same time，the reasonable ratio of C-Nb relationship is linear.
2019 Vol. 54 (3): 87-95 [
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LI Xiao-ming， WANG Jian-li， Lü Ming， YIN Wei-dong， CUI Ya-ru， ZHAO Jun-xue
Experiment on stainless steel pickling sludge used as steelmaking slagging flux
The stainless steel pickling sludge has the characteristics of large yield， serious pollution and difficult disposal. Conventional solidified landfills occupy land and waste resources. The stainless steel pickling sludge is recycled in the steelmaking process as the slagging flux so as to recycle valuable metals of Fe， Cr， and Ni and play the functions of CaO and CaF2. Finally it will achieve the utilization of sludge resources. Thermodynamics calculation by FactSage showed that most valuable elements including Fe， Cr and Ni in the pickling sludge could be recycled into the molten metal， and the sulfur mass percent of the molten metal was up to 0.014%， which would not increase the sulfur mass percent in the molten steel. On this basis， the pickling sludge was made into a mixed slag-forming agent， and static experiments and oxygen blown experiments indicated that the sulfur mass percent could meet the requirement of molten steel， and the recovery rate of valuable metals such as Cr and Ni could reach 66.04% and 97.90% respectively when the ratio of the slagging agent and the pickling sludge was 1∶1.
2019 Vol. 54 (3): 96-101 [
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