Direct smelting process for stainless steel crude alloy recovery from mixed low-grade chromite, nickel laterite and manganese ores
Romie D. Laranjo1 Nathaniel M. Anacleto2
1 College of Engineering, Jose Rizal Memorial State University, Dapitan City 7101, Philippines 2 Metallurgical, Ceramics and Mining Engineering Department, College of Engineering, MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines
Direct smelting process for stainless steel crude alloy recovery from mixed low-grade chromite, nickel laterite and manganese ores
Romie D. Laranjo1 Nathaniel M. Anacleto2
1 College of Engineering, Jose Rizal Memorial State University, Dapitan City 7101, Philippines 2 Metallurgical, Ceramics and Mining Engineering Department, College of Engineering, MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines
ժҪ Stainless steel crude alloy recovery from direct smelting of low-grade chromite, nickel laterite and manganese ores was investigated. The mixed low-grade ores were directly smelted in an elevator furnace at smelting temperatures ranging from 1550 to 1600 ��C. Smelting experiments were conducted in a laboratory elevator furnace equipped with 8 U-shaped high-quality molybdenum disilicide heating elements. A low-grade coal was used as the reductant. Experimental results showed that the recovery of Fe, Cr, Ni, Mn and Si within the alloy increased from 34.22, 60.27, 57.14, 25.42 and 13.02% to 69.91, 99.26, 86.02, 60.8 and 34.21%, respectively, when the temperature was increased from 1550 to 1600 ��C. There was a general increase in the total recoveries of Fe, Cr, and Ni in the alloy with CaO addition increasing from 0.4 g up to 1.2 g. However, the recoveries of Mn and Si vividly decreased as the CaO contents were increased. In general, the recoveries of the metal contents of the crude alloy increase with the increase in the amount of manganese ore. Compared to the recoveries of Fe, Cr, and Ni when CaO was added, the recoveries of Fe, Cr and Ni were lower when manganese ore was used as an additive.
Abstract��Stainless steel crude alloy recovery from direct smelting of low-grade chromite, nickel laterite and manganese ores was investigated. The mixed low-grade ores were directly smelted in an elevator furnace at smelting temperatures ranging from 1550 to 1600 ��C. Smelting experiments were conducted in a laboratory elevator furnace equipped with 8 U-shaped high-quality molybdenum disilicide heating elements. A low-grade coal was used as the reductant. Experimental results showed that the recovery of Fe, Cr, Ni, Mn and Si within the alloy increased from 34.22, 60.27, 57.14, 25.42 and 13.02% to 69.91, 99.26, 86.02, 60.8 and 34.21%, respectively, when the temperature was increased from 1550 to 1600 ��C. There was a general increase in the total recoveries of Fe, Cr, and Ni in the alloy with CaO addition increasing from 0.4 g up to 1.2 g. However, the recoveries of Mn and Si vividly decreased as the CaO contents were increased. In general, the recoveries of the metal contents of the crude alloy increase with the increase in the amount of manganese ore. Compared to the recoveries of Fe, Cr, and Ni when CaO was added, the recoveries of Fe, Cr and Ni were lower when manganese ore was used as an additive.
Romie D. Laranjo Nathaniel M. Anacleto. Direct smelting process for stainless steel crude alloy recovery from mixed low-grade chromite, nickel laterite and manganese ores[J].Journal of Iron and Steel Research International, 2018, 25(5): 515-523.
Romie D. Laranjo Nathaniel M. Anacleto. Direct smelting process for stainless steel crude alloy recovery from mixed low-grade chromite, nickel laterite and manganese ores. , 2018, 25(5): 515-523.
Halil Yildirim, Hakan Morcali, Ahmet Turan and Onuralp Yucel.Nickel pig iron production from lateritic nickel ores: [P]., 2013, 237-244
[4]
R.Elliott, C.A. Pickles and J. Forster.Thermodynamics of the reduction roasting of nickeliferous laterite[J].2016, 4:320-346
[5]
Xue-yi Guo, Wen-tang Shi, Dong Li and Qing-hua Tian.Leaching behavior of metals from limonitic laterite ore by high pressure acid leaching:[J]., 2011, 21:191-195
[6]
Erlinda O.Yape and Nathaniel M. Anacleto.Direct smelting of chromite and laterite ores with carbon under argon atmosphere: [J]., 2014, 849:170-176
[7]
Marie-Aline Van Ende, Muxing Guo, Peter Tom Jones, Bart Blanpain, and Patrick Wollants.Manganese and chromium distribution between CaO�CSiO2�CMgOsat�CCrO15�CMnO Slags and Fe�CCr�CMn stainless steel:[J].ISIJ International, 2008, 48(10):1331-1338
[8]
B.Kaelo Sedumedi and Xiaowei Pan.Improve ferromanganese smelting processes using benchmarking techniques international: [P]., 2014, 11-16
[9]
Mohammed Salah Fahim, Hoda El Faramawy, Azza Mohammed Ahmed, Saaed Nabil Ghali and Abd El Hakim Taha Kandil.Characterization of Egyptian manganese ores for production of high carbon ferromanganese:[J]., 2013, 1:68-74
[10]
Pierre-Jean Cunat.Alloying elements in stainless steel and other chromium containing alloys[J]., 2004,
[11]
Pei-Xian Chen, Shao-Jun Chu and Guo-Hua Zhang.A new method to produce Ni�CCr ferroalloy used for stainless steel production:[J].High Temperature Materials and Processes, 2015, 0(0):1-7
[12]
Holger Putz and Klaus Brandenburg.Match! Phase Identification from Powder Diffraction, 2016, Version 3.1.1 Build 58. Serial number: 7.2.0.2012001.001
[13]
Yan-ling Zhang, Wen-ming Guo, and Xin-lei Jia.Reduction of chromium oxides in stainless steel dust:[J].International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials, 2015, 22(6):573-581
[14]
Xuewei Lv, Chenguang Bai, Shengping He and Qingyun Huang.Mineral change of Philippine and Indonesia nickel lateritic ore during sintering and mineralogy of their sinter:[J].ISIJ International, 2010, 50(3):380-385
[15]
Ismail Seckin Cardakli, Naci Sevinc and Tayfur Ozturk.Production of high carbon ferromanganese from a manganese ore located in Erzincan: [J] [J]., 2011, 35:31-38
[16]
D.J. Simbi and MB. C. Tsomondo.J. Simbi and MB. C. Tsomondo. Aspects of smelting reduction of chromite ore fines in CaO�CFeO�CCr2O3�CSiO2�CAl2O3 slag system by carbon dissolved in high carbon ferrochromium alloy bath:[J].Ironmaking & Steelmaking, 2002, 29(4):271-275
[17]
Y.Liu,XLv,JXu,S. Zhang,and C. Bai. Preparation of stainless steel master alloy by direct smelting reduction of Fe�CNi�CCr Sinter at 1600��C:[J].Ironmaking & Steelmaking, 2016, 43(38):600-606
[18]
G. Kapure, C.B. Rao, V. Tathavadkar and K.S. Raju.Process for effective utilization of low grade chromite overburden: [P].Proceedings of the Twelfth International Ferroalloys Congress, Helsinki, Finland, 2010, :377-382
2018, Vol. 25 
