钢铁研究学报(英文版)
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2013年 20卷 1期
刊出日期：2013-01-15
材料
工艺
工艺
1
JIANG Mao-fa,CUI Yu-yuan,WANG De-yong,MIN Yi,LIU Cheng-jun
Effect of Modification Treatment for Reduction of Dephosphorization Slag in Hot Metal Bath
To extract the valuable elements from the steel slag, a novel approach has been proposed by modification treatment to provide the stronger driving forces and accelerate the reduction. Three types of dephosphorization steel slags were reduced using carbon-saturated iron bath to extract iron and phosphorus simultaneously. During the process of reduction, slag composition, temperature, and original P2O5 content were investigated respectively. Slag modification treatment, adding either silica or alumina to vary the slag composition, was proven to accelerate the reduction of dephosphorization slag. The equilibrium time can be shortened from 60 to 30 min. Slag modification also allowed the reduction reaction to occur at lower temperature. After slag modification, the original P2O5 content in slag presents a slight difference on reduction process. Almost half of the reduced phosphorus was vaporized within 5 and 20 min. As more and more FeO was reduced, CO gas generation decreased, and evaporation amount of phosphorus therefore decreases.
2013 Vol. 20 (1): 1-6 [
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7
SHI Pei-ming,LI Ji-zhao,JIANG Jin-shui,LIU Bin,HAN Dong-ying
Nonlinear Dynamics of Torsional Vibration for Rolling Mill′s Main Drive System Under Parametric Excitation
The jointed shaft in the drivelines of the rolling mill, with its angle continuously varying in the production, has obvious impact on the stability of the main drive system. Considering the effect caused by the joint angle and friction force of roller gap, the nonlinear vibration model of the main drive system which contains parametric excitation stiffness and nonlinear friction damping was established. The amplitude-frequency characteristic equation and bifurcation response equation were obtained by using the method of multiple scales. Depending on the bifurcation response equation, the transition set and the topology structure of bifurcation curve of the system were obtained by using the singularity theory. The transition set can separate the system into seven areas, which has different bifurcation forms respectively. By taking the 1780 rolling mill of Chengde Steel Co for example, the simulation and analysis were performed. The amplitude-frequency curves under different joint angles, damping coefficients, and nonlinear stiffness were given. The variations of these parameters have strong influences on the stability of electromechanical resonances and the characteristic of the response curves. The best angle of the jointed shaft is 4.7613° in this rolling mill.
2013 Vol. 20 (1): 7-12 [
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13
WANG Xu-dong,YAO Man,ZHANG Li,ZHANG Xiao-bing,CHEN Shao-hui
Optimization of Oscillation Model for Slab Continuous Casting Mould Based on Mould Friction Measurements in Plant Trial
Lubrication and friction between the mould and strand are strongly influenced by mould oscillation, and play an important role in slab quality and operating safety during continuous casting processes. Investigation of mould oscillation is therefore essential for getting a better online control of the mould processes. A feasible approach for the development and optimization of mould oscillation was put forward, which combined online measurement of mould friction, design of negative oscillating parameters and evaluation for powder consumption. Three different control models including sinusoidal and non-sinusoidal oscillation for mould oscillations were developed to investigate and evaluate the effects of oscillation on mould friction and powder lubrication. For the purpose of investigating mould friction between mould and strand, online measurement was carried out on a slab continuous caster equipped with a hydraulic oscillator. Also the comparison of the mould friction in sinusoidal and non-sinusoidal mould oscillation was made for subsequent analysis. The industrial experiment result shows that the combination of inverse control model and non-sinusoidal oscillation mode will contribute to the proper powder consumption, leading to a suitable effect of friction force on strand surface, especially for high speed continuous casting. The proposed method provides reliable basis for guiding and optimizing mould oscillation among control models, sinusoidal oscillation and non-sinusoidal oscillation.
2013 Vol. 20 (1): 13-20 [
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21
WANG Yi-ci,,ZHANG Jian-liang,WANG Yue-cong,LUO Guo-ping,
Solid Phase Synthetic Reaction of Sodium Pyroxene for Na2CO3-Fe(OH)3-H2SiO3 System
In order to explore synthetic method of pure sodium pyroxene, the pure chemical reagents of Na2CO3, Fe(OH)3 and H2SiO3 were used as raw materials, and the possible solid phase reactions for Na2CO3-Fe(OH)3-H2SiO3 system in heating process had been studied by means of differential thermal analysis (DTA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The influencing factors of sodium pyroxene (NaFeSi2O6) synthetic reaction, such as sintering temperature and holding time, had also been studied. The results show that sodium pyroxene can be largely synthesized at 737 ℃; it is helpful for synthesis of sodium pyroxene to increase sintering temperature appropriately, and the best temperature should be controlled at 900 ℃ or so, because it will melt and decompose at temperatures higher than 900 ℃. In those influencing factors of sodium pyroxene synthesis the most important is temperature. The results will be helpful for providing pure NaFeSi2O6 for further research on the formation of SFCA for NaFeSi2O6-KAlSi2O3-CaO-Fe2O3-CaF2 system in the sintering process of Bayan-obo iron ore.
2013 Vol. 20 (1): 21-25 [
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26
CHEN Shu-hao,,WANG Xin-hua,HE Xiao-fei,WANG Wan-jun,JIANG Min
Industrial Application of Desulfurization Using Low Basicity Refining Slag in Tire Cord Steel
Desulfurization performance with low binary basicity refining slag in 72 grade tire cord steel was calculated using FactSage and it is found that sulfur content in steel decreases with the increase of basicity of slag, MgO content in slag and slag/steel ratio while sulfur partition ratio between slag and steel increases gradually with the increase of basicity of slag as well as MgO content. Experiments were carried out and the results are of great agreements with theoretical calculation. Then industrial application tests were performed in a domestic plant and good results were achieved. Sulfur content in steel decreases gradually during refining process, as a result, sulfur content in the billets is controlled in the range of 0.0071%-0.0081%. Sulfur content in steel refined with slag basicity of 1.21 is lower than that of 1.02, while the plasticity of oxide compound inclusions is a little better controlled in low basicity heats. Using refining slag with basicity of 1.0-1.2 and MgO content of 5%-10% and reducing the slag takeover of LD are favorable for improving the desulfurization performance and the plasticity of inclusions during the industrial production.
2013 Vol. 20 (1): 26-33 [
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34
JI Chuan-bo,LI Jing-she,YANG Shu-feng,SUN Li-yuan
Large Eddy Simulation of Turbulent Fluid Flow in Liquid Metal of Continuous Casting
The transient turbulent flow in continuous casting steel plays a key role in minimizing defects. Compared with the k-ε model, the large eddy simulation (LES) of turbulence provides much more accurate representation of turbulent flow by resolving large-scale dynamics. The turbulent flow in a liquid metal model of continuous casting has been simulated by LES and measured using ultrasonic Doppler velocimetry (UDV). The result of measurement and LES has been compared to validate the LES model and furthermore enhance the understanding of the transient turbulent feature in the flow field. The results show that the jet exiting from the nozzle port swings, which is not steady, and turbulent velocity variation frequencies decreased with distance from the nozzle port region and also the LES mode can capture the high frequency fluctuation, which the measurement cannot detect.
2013 Vol. 20 (1): 34-39 [
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材料
40
KONG De-jun,WU Yong-zhong,LONG Dan
Stress Corrosion of X80 Pipeline Steel Welded Joints by Slow Strain Test in NACE H2S Solutions
The X80 pipeline steel was welded with the way of submerged arc welding. The SST (slow strain test) of the welded joint samples in the air, NACE (National Association of Corrosion Engineers) solution (no H2S), NACE solution (saturated H2S) was performed to research the sensibility index of SCC (stress corrosion cracking) Iscc. The morphologies of the welded joint fractures and the fracture modes were observed with SEM (scanning electron microscope), and the fracture chemical compositions were analyzed with EDS (energy dispersive spectrometer), respectively. The fracture mechanisms of the welded joints were discussed. The results show that sensibility index of SCC in the air is not obvious, the fracture is dimple, and the mode of fracture is ductile fracture. The sensibility index of SCC in NACE solution (no H2S) is 13.21%, the stress corrosion is not obvious. The sample fracture shows quasi cleavage+dimple, and the fracture mode is toughness+brittle rupture. The sensibility index of SCC in NACE solution (saturated H2S) is 56.94%, the plastic loss is the most serious, appearing an obvious stress corrosion tendency, and there is no obvious necking phenomenon. The fracture mode is brittle fracture, and the sample fracture has a high sulfur concentration, prompting S to a aliquation of crisp crystal in the welded zone, and making its mechanical properties worsen.
2013 Vol. 20 (1): 40-46 [
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47
HU Xian-jun,,ZHANG Bi-ming,CHEN Shao-hui,FANG Feng,JIANG Jian-qing
Oxide Scale Growth on High Carbon Steel at High Temperatures
The structure and formation process of oxidation on high carbon steel were investigated with the aid of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Laser Raman spectroscopy (LRS). The oxide scale formed comprised a three-layer structure, similar to that formed on pure iron and low-carbon steel. For the high carbon steel, however, the scale was essentially a two-layered because of the low proportion of hematite (Fe2O3) formed. The scale thickness increased with the temperature and time of oxidation. The rate of scale thickening rapidly increased above 900 ℃, at which the rate was particularly fast in the first 20 s of oxidation. The proportion of wüstite (Fe1-yO) increased with time and temperature of oxidation, while the magnetite (Fe3O4) remained constant at about 2 μm.
2013 Vol. 20 (1): 47-53 [
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53
SUN Jian,XU Yu-song,WANG Xiao-ming,ZOU Zong-shu
Anti-Thermal-Fatigue Property of 8407 Steel With Surface Aluminization and Oxidation Treatment
Thermal fatigue failure is one of the main failure forms of 8407 steel. Aiming at improving the anti-thermal-fatigue property of 8407 steel, the method of aluminization and subsequent oxidation is employed to form a complex oxide on the die surface. Thermal fatigue test was performed with the cycle heating method to compare thermal fatigue behaviors of 8407 steel samples with and without aluminization and oxidation treatment. In the test, thermal fatigue crack morphology formed on the surface was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and then variations of initiating rate and propagating rate of main crack of thermal fatigue with cycles were investigated. Moreover, the thermal fatigue property was judged according to thermal fatigue main crack length and its reciprocal. Finally, the anti-thermal-fatigue mechanism of oxide film was clarified. The results show that the surface aluminization and oxidation treatment can improve both the initiating resistance and propagating resistance of thermal fatigue crack, which will improve the anti-thermal-fatigue property of 8407 steel.
2013 Vol. 20 (1): 53-57 [
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58
Saeed N Ghali,Mamdouh M Eissa,Micheal L Mishreky
Activation Energy of Nitriding Medium Carbon Ferromanganese Alloy
Investigation of some kinetics aspects of the reaction between nitrogen and medium carbon ferromanganese (MC-FeMn) was made. Nitriding process of fine medium carbon ferromanganese was carried out at temperature ranging from 973 to 1223 K and time up to 480 min. Nitriding was carried out under nitrogen and hydrogen gas pressures. At temperature of 573 K, hydrogen gas was injected with pressure of about 0.2 MPa followed by injection of nitrogen gas up to 1.2 MPa. Sample mass was 35 g, nitrided in cylindrical chamber with 34 mm in inner diameter and 1200 mm in length. The change in nitrogen pressure was taken as an indication for nitrogen pickup. The mass gain i.e. nitrogen pickup in kilograms per surface area (m2) was determined by time at different temperatures. Nitriding rate constants were calculated and the activation energy of nitriding process was derived from Arrhenius equation. The nitriding rate constant was found to be increased by increasing temperature of the reaction. The activation energy of nitriding process of fine medium carbon ferromanganese at time ranging up to 28800 s is around 140 kJ/mol. It was found that the rate controlling step of the nitriding process of MC-FeMn is diffusion mechanism.
2013 Vol. 20 (1): 58-61 [
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62
R González,J O García,M A Barbés,M J Quintana,L F Verdeja,J I Verdeja
Structural Ultrafine Grained Steels Obtained by Advanced Controlled Rolling
Steels with ultrafine grains (lower than 5 μm), which usually known as ultrafine ferrite or ultrafine grained materials, are presently the object of intense research, because of the improvement in resistance and fracture toughness they may reach compared to conventional steels (with grain sizes above this value). It is shown that the forenamed steels designated in the Euronorm EN 10149-2, which are manufactured by advanced techniques of controlled rolling and mainly used in automotive industry, have an ultrafine grain size in the range of 2.5 to 3.5 μm, and with elastic yield stresses higher than 400 MPa. Based on the Morrison-Miller criterion, it is shown that values of the strain-hardening coefficient lower than 0.08 would make the industrial application of these steels unfeasible.
2013 Vol. 20 (1): 62-70 [
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M V Venkatesan,N Murugan,B M Prasad,A Manickavasagam
Influence of FCA Welding Process Parameters on Distortion of 409M Stainless Steel for Rail Coach Building
The influence of flux cored arc welding (FCAW) process parameters such as welding current, travel speed, voltage and CO2 shielding gas flow rate on bowing distortion of 409M ferritic stainless steel sheets of 2 mm in thickness was discussed. The bowing distortions of the welded plates were measured using a simple device called profile tracer. An experimental regression equation was developed to predict the bowing distortion and with this equation, it is easy to select optimized process parameters to achieve minimum bowing distortion. It is revealed that the FCAW process parameters have significant influence on bead profile and the bowing distortion.
2013 Vol. 20 (1): 71-78 [
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