钢铁研究学报(英文版)
首页
期刊介绍
编 委 会
投稿指南
期刊订阅
广告服务
留言板
联系我们
English
在线办公平台
在线期刊
当期目录
论文检索
过刊浏览
论文下载排行
论文点击排行
Email Alert
文章快速检索
高级检索
2016年 23卷 8期
刊出日期：2016-08-15
Material
Metallurgy and Metal Working
Metallurgy and Metal Working
739
Nan WANG,Jin XU,Shan YU,Guang-zong ZHANG,Guang-hao CHEN,Min CHEN
Effect of Scale Formation on Copper Enrichment Behavior in Continuously Cast Slab
Copper enrichment behavior in continuously cast slab induced by scale formation during continuous cooling was experimentally investigated, and the effects of initial slab surface temperature and oxygen potential in atmosphere were discussed. The results showed that a loose scale adhered to the substrate was formed in H2O-N2 atmosphere at higher slab surface temperature compared to a gap formed between the scale and the steel substrate after continuous cooling in H2O-O2-N2 atmosphere. Under the condition of continuous cooling in H2O-N2 atmosphere, the copper enrichment occurred both within the loose scale and at the scale/steel interface with simultaneous Ni enrichment near the interface at higher slab surface temperature. The combined effects of the loose scale and nickel enrichment were thought to promote the back-migration of Cu-rich phase from the interface and occlusion within the scale layer. While in H2O-O2-N2 atmosphere, the Cu enrichment was found on the steel side and the formed gap prevented the migration of Cu to the scale.
2016 Vol. 23 (8): 739-744 [
摘要
] (
494
) [
HTML
0KB] [
PDF
0KB] (
18
)
745
Zi-qian ZHANG
Prediction of Maximum Section Flattening of Thin-walled Circular Steel Tube in Continuous Rotary Straightening Process
Cross-sectional ovalization of thin-walled circular steel tube because of large plastic bending, also known as the Brazier effect, usually occurs during the initial stage of tube′s continuous rotary straightening process. The amount of ovalization, defined as maximal cross section flattening, is an important technical parameter in tube′s straightening process to control tube′s bending deformation and prevent buckling. However, for the lack of special analytical model, the maximal section flattening was determined in accordance with the specified charts developed by experienced operators on the basis of experimental data; thus, it was inevitable that the localized buckling might occur during some actual straightening operations. New normal strain component formulas were derived based on the thin shell theory. Then, strain energy of thin-walled tube (per unit length) was obtained using the elastic-plastic theory. A rational model for predicting the maximal section flattening of the thin-walled circular steel tube under its straightening process was presented by the principle of minimum potential energy. The new model was validated by experiments and numerical simulations. The results show that the new model agrees well with the experiments and the numerical simulations with error of less than 10%. This new model was expected to find its potential application in thin-walled steel tube straightening machine design.
2016 Vol. 23 (8): 745-755 [
摘要
] (
573
) [
HTML
0KB] [
PDF
0KB] (
29
)
756
Yong LI,Fu-chun ZHOU,Zhao-xin ZHOU,Zhi-han TIAN,Chao YANG,Xi-ke TIAN
An Innovative Approach to Separate Iron Oxide Concentrate from High-sulfur and Low-grade Pyrite Cinders
High-sulfur and low-grade pyrite cinders are the waste products of sulfuric acid manufacturing plants. Many valuable components, such as iron oxide, are contained in pyrite cinders and difficult to be separated and purified just via the high temperature roasting process. Considering this, an innovative method including water-washing, aqua regia leaching, hydrothermal alkali activation and acid-washing was developed. And the effects of different parameters on recovery efficiency of iron oxide were systematically investigated. The optimum parameters were proposed as follows: water rinse-leaching at room temperature for 5-20 min, and melting at 160 ℃ for 20 h with NaOH (concentration of 30 mass%), followed by leaching with aqua regia solution (30 vol%) for 10 h. After the treatment, the content of iron oxides increased from 543 to 960 mass% with the recovery rate exceeding 85%. Meanwhile, calcium sulphate was recovered as the high value-added products by alkali extraction liquid. Furthermore, the phase transformation and microstructure of the samples in the process were studied by physicochemical methods to reveal the separation mechanisms of different components in the pyrite cinders.
2016 Vol. 23 (8): 756-764 [
摘要
] (
356
) [
HTML
0KB] [
PDF
0KB] (
27
)
765
Ping ZHOU,Peng-yu SHI,Yan-po SONG,Kai-le TANG,Dong FU,Chenn Q. ZHOU,
Evaluation of Burden Descent Model for Burden Distribution in Blast Furnace
Mathematical models for burden descending process have been applied to obtain whole burden structures in blast furnace, whereas the accuracy of those burden descent models has not been sufficiently investigated. Special evaluation method based on timeline burden profiles was established to quantitatively evaluate the error between experimental and modeled burden structures. Four existing burden descent models were utilized to describe the burden structure of a 1/20 scaled warm blast furnace. Input modeling conditions including initial burden profile, descending volumes in each time interval, and normalized descending velocity distribution were determined via special image processing technology. Modeled burden structures were evaluated combined with the published experimental data. It is found that all the models caught the main profile of the burden structure. Furthermore, the improved nonuniform descent model (Model IV) shows the highest level of precision especially when burden descends with unstable velocity distribution tendency. Meanwhile, the traditional nonuniform descent model (Model III) may also be desirable to model the burden descending process when the burden descending velocity presents a linear tendency. Finally, the uniform descent model (Model I) might be the first option for roughly predicting burden structure.
2016 Vol. 23 (8): 765-771 [
摘要
] (
788
) [
HTML
0KB] [
PDF
0KB] (
29
)
772
Gen LIANG,,Chen SHI,,Ya-jun ZHOU,,Da-heng MAO,
Numerical Simulation and Experimental Study of an Ultrasonic Waveguide for Ultrasonic Casting of 35CrMo Steel
To achieve ultrasonic casting of 35CrMo steel, the waveguide unit for introducing ultrasound into liquid steel was studied numerically and experimentally. The structure and length of the ultrasonic waveguide were optimized by modal analysis. The simulation results showed that a T-shaped waveguide unit matched the vibrational system better than an L-shaped unit. The performance of T-shaped waveguide unit was optimized when the length of the ultrasound radiator was 135 mm. The performance of the T-shaped waveguide unit was investigated in ultrasonic casting experiments, and the effect of ultrasound on the microstructure of 35CrMo steel was examined. The experimental results showed that the T-shaped waveguide was able to successfully introduce ultrasound into the 35CrMo melt. In addition, the use of a silicon nitride ceramic radiator avoided high-temperature corrosion in the molten metal. The microstructure of the treated area was significantly refined and equiaxed grains were obtained. The results represented a novel method for ultrasonic casting of steel.
2016 Vol. 23 (8): 772-777 [
摘要
] (
476
) [
HTML
0KB] [
PDF
0KB] (
22
)
778
Qiong XIE,Pei-yang SHI,Cheng-jun LIU,Mao-fa JIANG
Effects of Different Oxidants on HCl-based Pickling Process of 430 Stainless Steel
To shorten the time required for the pickling process and to enhance the quality of ferritic stainless steel plates, the effects of oxidants including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), potassium permanganate (KMnO4), and potassium chlorate (KClO3) on the pickling behavior in HCl-based electrolyte as well as the surface quality of hot-rolled and blasted 430 stainless steel (430-SS) were studied. Experiments were conducted using mass-loss tests, microstructure analyses, potentiodynamic polarization curves, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements. The results showed that the addition of oxidants substantially accelerated the pickling process of 430-SS by enhancing the cathodic reaction rate and reducing the charge transfer resistance. In electrolytes comprising 5-8 mass% HCl at a temperature of 40-60 ℃ and at the same concentration within the range from 0 to 2 mass%, H2O2 was demonstrated to be superior to KMnO4 and KClO3 in accelerating the pickling process. The surface quality of 430-SS pickled in the presence of H2O2 was better than those of specimens pickled in the presence of KMnO4 and KClO3 when the removal of the oxide layer, intergranular corrosion, and surface roughness were collectively considered. When 1 mass% H2O2 was added, the mass loss rate of 430-SS was increased by 629% and no residual oxide layer or intergranular corrosion was observed on the surface of the steel; in addition, the roughness was only 17 μm. H2O2 was determined to be a better oxidant than KMnO4 and KClO3 when the pickling process, surface quality, solution recycling, and environment protection were considered as a whole.
2016 Vol. 23 (8): 778-783 [
摘要
] (
522
) [
HTML
0KB] [
PDF
0KB] (
18
)
784
Jian-fei XU,Fu-xiang HUANG,Xin-hua WANG
Desulfurization Behavior and Mechanism of CaO-saturated Slag
To develop a high-efficiency desulfurizer for the production of pipeline steel with the LD-RH-CC process, the desulfurization efficiency and mechanism of CaO-saturated slag were studied using a vacuum-induction furnace and Si-Mo electric resistance furnace. The results show that the desulfurization ability for slag with a small amount of solid CaO was highly enhanced under conditions of satisfied kinetics. The desulfurization reaction of CaO-saturated slag depended on the liquid slag rather than the solid CaO, as sulfur was not detected inside the solid CaO. The desulfurization efficiency of CaO-saturated slag was also influenced by the amount of residual liquid slag and its sulfur absorption ability. The sulfur absorption ability of CaO-CaF2 slag was analyzed to be much higher than that of CaO-Al2O3-CaF2-(SiO2) slag. Moreover, the effect of solid CaO on the desulfurization kinetics was evaluated and the application conditions of CaO-saturated slag were discussed.
2016 Vol. 23 (8): 784-791 [
摘要
] (
428
) [
HTML
0KB] [
PDF
0KB] (
14
)
792
G. PHANOMCHOENG,S. CHANTRANUWATHANA,P. CHARUNYAKORN
On-line Ladle Lining Temperature Estimation by Using Bounded Jacobian Nonlinear Observer
The knowledge of transient temperature of the ladle wall is a key factor in optimizing energy consumption in steelmaking process. The transient temperature needs to be estimated. A nonlinear lumped parameter model was used to model the thermal dynamics of the ladle. Then, the bounded Jacobian nonlinear observer was utilized to estimate the temperature. With this method, the estimation model became a closed-loop model and the observer gains were obtained by solving linear matrix inequalities and simply implemented to the system. Comparison between the simulation and recorded data at a participating steel plant in Thailand showed that the nonlinear observer accurately estimated the temperature of the ladle lining. This estimated temperature was very useful in determining suitable tapping temperature for energy conservation and steel quality.
2016 Vol. 23 (8): 792-799 [
摘要
] (
464
) [
HTML
0KB] [
PDF
0KB] (
20
)
Material
800
Xue-feng ZHOU,Wang-long ZHU,Hong-bing JIANG,Feng FANG,Yi-you TU,Jian-qing JIANG
A New Approach for Refining Carbide Dimensions in M42 Super Hard High-speed Steel
Obtaining small carbides is crucial but difficult for high-speed steels. A new approach for refining carbide dimensions in M42 super hard high-speed steel by increasing cooling rate and spheroidizing treatment was proposed. The morphologies and properties of eutectic carbides formed at different cooling rates were investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD) and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The results show that eutectic carbides change from a lamellar shape into a curved-rod shape as cooling rate increases. Despite different morphologies, the two carbides are both of M2C type with a hexagonal close-packed structure and display a single crystal orientation in one eutectic colony. The morphology of M2C mainly depends on the growing process of eutectic carbides, which is strongly influenced by cooling rate. Compared with lamellar carbides, M2C carbides with curved-rod shapes are less stable, and decompose into M6C and MC at lower temperatures. They are more inclined to spheroidize during heating, which ultimately and distinguishably refines the carbide dimensions. As small carbides are much easier to dissolve into matrices during austenization, the process described herein improves the supersaturation of alloying elements in martensite, which leads to an increment of hardness in M42 steel.
2016 Vol. 23 (8): 800-807 [
摘要
] (
470
) [
HTML
0KB] [
PDF
0KB] (
27
)
808
Zhi-dong YANG,Chen-fu FANG,Yong CHEN,Guo-xiang XU,Qing-xian HU,Xiao-yan GU
Arc Behavior and Droplet Transfer of CWW CO2 Welding
Cable-type welding wire (CWW) CO2 welding is an innovative process arc welding with high quality, high efficiency and energy saving, in which CWW is used as consumable electrode. The CWW is composed of seven wires with a diameter of 12 mm. One is in the center, while others uniformly distribute around it. The diameter of twisted wire is up to 36 mm, which can increase the deposition rate significantly. With continual wire-feeding and melting of CWW, the formed rotating arc improved welding quality obviously. The arc behavior and droplet transfer were observed by the electrical signal waveforms and corresponding synchronous images, based on the high speed digital camera and electrical signal system. The results showed that the shape of welding arc changed from bell arc to beam arc with the increase of welding parameter. The droplet transfer mode changed from repelled transfer, globular transfer to projected transfer in turn. Droplet transfer frequency increased from 1817 Hz to 11905 Hz, while the droplet diameter decreased from 15 times to 03 times of the CWW diameter.
2016 Vol. 23 (8): 808-814 [
摘要
] (
576
) [
HTML
0KB] [
PDF
0KB] (
23
)
815
Jian KANG,Cheng-ning LI,Xiao-lei LI,,Jin-hua ZHAO,Guo YUAN,Guo-dong WANG
Effects of Processing Variables on Microstructure and Yield Ratio of High Strength Constructional Steels
The process of “controlled rolling+relaxation+ultra fast cooling (UFC)” for high strength constructional steel with low yield ratio was presented. Microstructure and corresponding relationship with low yield ratio were investigated. The results showed that the constructional steels with multiphase microstructure of bainitic ferrite, martensite-austenite (M-A) and lath bainite were obtained through the creative process. The grain size decreased with the decrease in finish rolling temperature, which enhanced the strength by the grain refinement strengthening. The proper relaxation treatment promoted the bainitic ferrite lath width and the formation of blocky M-A constituent. In addition, both the tensile and yield strength increased with the decrease in finish rolling temperature and UFC final temperature, but the yield strength increased more significantly than tensile strength, which caused the increase in yield ratio. By using the process of “controlled rolling+relaxation+ultra fast cooling”, the excellent comprehensive mechanical properties of 780 MPa grade constructional steels of 12-40 mm in thickness were achieved.
2016 Vol. 23 (8): 815-821 [
摘要
] (
418
) [
HTML
0KB] [
PDF
0KB] (
27
)
822
Rui-bin GOU,,Wen-jiao DAN,Wei-gang ZHANG
Influence of Spot Welding on Welding Fatigue Properties of CR340 Steel Joints
Total 72 lapped specimens including six different kinds of CR340 steel structures were prepared to study the influence of the spot welding technology on their fatigue characteristics. Fatigue test and group method were employed and performed on each sample to obtain the fatigue experimental data of each structure under four stress levels. The results show that the spot welding technology had a notable impact on the fatigue performance of both the shear and tensile joints. It can significantly improve the fatigue strength of the structure, the consistency and repeatability of experimental data, as well as the stability and reliability of the structure under dynamic load environment. The shear spot welding structure demonstrates the best fatigue performance which is very important for wide application in engineering of this method.
2016 Vol. 23 (8): 822-827 [
摘要
] (
337
) [
HTML
0KB] [
PDF
0KB] (
24
)
828
Ren-jie ZHAO,Jian-xun FU,Yu-yuan ZHU,Ye-jin YANG,Yan-xin WU
Dilatometric Analysis of Irreversible Volume Change during Phase Transformation in Pure Iron
One assumption underlying the conventional dilatometric analysis based on the lever rule is that the volume of the specimen changes isotropically during phase transformation, which conflicts with the irreversible length change shown in actual measurements. The contribution of this irreversible effect to the dilation data of pure iron upon heating and cooling was respectively quantified via conversion equations based on lattice parameters. A model considering the elastic strain and creep deformation was established for both the interpretation of the irreversible volume change and the discrepancy between the results measured by a dilatometer and a micrometer.
2016 Vol. 23 (8): 828-833 [
摘要
] (
372
) [
HTML
0KB] [
PDF
0KB] (
15
)
834
Zeng-rong LI,,De-yuan LI,Nan-nan ZHANG,He HUANG,Xin WANG
Wear Mechanism of Iron-based Alloy Coating by Arc Spraying
The arc spraying technique was adopted to prepare three types of iron-based coatings including 08Mn2Si, 4Cr13, and 65Mn. Meanwhile, the metallurgical microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to analyze the microstructure of these coatings. Besides, a DPT-5 dye penetrant was painted on the surface of the coatings to simulate the oil fluid, so as to observe its penetration in the pore structures. The MMU-5G end-face high-temperature wear tester was used to carry out wear-resistance tests on these coatings and give comparison with grey cast irons. The experimental results showed that the 4Cr13 coating exhibited the best wear resistance under oil batch lubrication condition. According to the study of these coating structures, it was discovered that three coatings presented topology-like structures due to the accumulation of flat particles on the matrices. Meanwhile, it was found that zonal oxides were mixed in particles with some unmolten particles, pores, and cracks. Besides, the larger pores were mutually connected by gap-like pores. The existence of FeO in the coating and the pore structures keep oil in acted antifriction effects.
2016 Vol. 23 (8): 834-841 [
摘要
] (
414
) [
HTML
0KB] [
PDF
0KB] (
33
)
842
Bao-chao ZHENG,Zhi-fu HUANG,Jian-dong XING,Yi-yang XIAO,Xiao FAN,Yong WANG
Effects of Chromium Addition on Preparation and Properties of Bulk Cementite
Bulk cementites with the Cr contents of 0, 301, 603, 822, and 1151 mass% were prepared by mechanical alloying (MA) and spark plasma sintering (SPS). The results indicated that when the Cr content was low (301 mass%), the phases were composed of cementite with a small amount of α-Fe at a sintering temperature of 1173 K, but the microstructure became single-phase alloyed cementite as the Cr content was further increased. It showed that micro-addition of Cr was beneficial for promoting the formation of cementite. Furthermore, the mechanical performance of cementite can be greatly affected by the variation of Cr content. The hardness, elastic modulus and elastic recovery presented a remarkably increasing tendency with the addition of Cr, and the maximum micro-hardness and elastic modulus values reached 107074 HV and 19932 GPa, respectively, which were similar to the precipitation phase (cementite) obtained by melting and casting techniques. Moreover, when the Cr content was below 1151 mass%, the crystal structure of Fe3C-type cementite would not change with increasing the Cr content. A Cr atom replaced an Fe atom in the lattice of the cementite, and voids appeared when Cr was doped into the cementite at content of about 1151 mass%, causing the relative density to decrease.
2016 Vol. 23 (8): 842-850 [
摘要
] (
367
) [
HTML
0KB] [
PDF
0KB] (
28
)
851
Li-ming TAN,,Yi-wen ZHANG,,Jian JIA,,Shou-bo HAN,
Precipitation of μ Phase in Nickel-based Powder Metallurgy Superalloy FGH97
The precipitation behavior of topological close-packed (TCP) μ phase in powder metallurgy (P/M) nickel-based superalloy FGH97 was investigated. The results showed that proper addition of solution strengthening elements, such as Co, Cr, W, Mo, improved tensile strength, while excessive addition of those elements facilitated the precipitation of μ phase, which seriously aggravated the plasticity of the P/M superalloy. For the heat-treated specimens, the relationship between critical aging time (when μ started to precipitate), aging temperature, and the average electron vacancy number of γ matrix was established.
2016 Vol. 23 (8): 851-856 [
摘要
] (
409
) [
HTML
0KB] [
PDF
0KB] (
51
)
857
Shi-guang PENG,Ren-bo SONG,Zhi-dong TAN,Chang-hong CAI,Ke GUO,,Zhong-hong WANG
Abrasive Wear Behaviors of Light-weight Austenitic Fe-24Mn-7Al-1C Steel and Mn13Cr2 Steel
The impact abrasive wear behaviors of light-weight austenitic Fe-24Mn-7Al-1C steel with increasing impact wear conditions were studied by comparing with the modified Hadfield (Mn13Cr2) steel. Wear tests were performed with the MLD-10 abrasive wear testing machine. Main parameters such as impact energy, impacting frequency and wear time were evaluated. To explore the abrasive wear behaviors under different impact energies, the parameters including mass loss, wear resistance and hardness were evaluated in detail. The microstructures of the steels were further analyzed using optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Results showed that the light-weight austenitic Fe-24Mn-7Al-1C steel had a better wear resistance than Mn13Cr2 steel under the impact energy tested. The wear resistance of light-weight austenitic Fe-24Mn-7Al-1C steel was about 109-117 times as high as that of Mn13Cr2 steel under low and medium impact energy (05-20 J) conditions, and 141 times under high impact energy (40 J) condition. In Mn13Cr2 steel, the evolution of dislocation substructure with increasing impact energy showed typical stacking fault, interaction of twins and dislocations, as well as mechanical twins. The high work-hardening rate in Fe-24Mn-7Al-1C steel was caused by Taylor lattice and high density of dislocation tangles.
2016 Vol. 23 (8): 857-866 [
摘要
] (
501
) [
HTML
0KB] [
PDF
0KB] (
37
)
钢铁研究学报(英文版)
编辑部公告
·
《钢铁研究学报》第二届青年编委招募
·
《钢铁研究学报》英文版“极端环境下材料的腐蚀和磨损”专刊征稿启事
·
《钢铁研究学报》英文版“钢铁冶金固废资源化利用”专刊征稿启事
·
《钢铁研究学报》英文版“多相多尺度冶金过程数值仿真”专刊征稿启事
·
《钢铁研究学报》英文版“人工智能在钢铁冶金及材料中的应用”专刊征稿启事
更多
作者指南
投稿须知
论文模板
标准规范
版权协议
读者会员登录
友 情 链 接
更多
版权所有 © 《钢铁研究学报(英文版)》编辑部
地址：北京市海淀区学院南路76号 邮政编码：100081
