钢铁研究学报(英文版)
首页
期刊介绍
编 委 会
投稿指南
期刊订阅
广告服务
留言板
联系我们
English
在线办公平台
在线期刊
当期目录
论文检索
过刊浏览
论文下载排行
论文点击排行
Email Alert
文章快速检索
高级检索
2022年 29卷 10期
刊出日期：2022-10-25
综述
论著
综述
1513
Lu-yan Sun, Xiang Liu, Xi Xu, Shu-wei Lei, Hui-gai Li, Qi-jie Zhai
Review on niobium application in microalloyed steel
With the rapid development of high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steel, Nb as an important microalloying element has received more and more attention in recent years. The application and behavior of Nb in HSLA steel, including microstructures optimization, refining grain size, and precipitation behavior of Nb-containing phases, were reviewed. Nb could play an important role in following manners: (1) Nb-containing phases promote ferrite formation, and Nb solute promotes bainite formation. (2) Nb solute atoms and Nb-containing phases can inhibit the growth of austenite grains and austenite recrystallization. (3) Nb(C,N) that precipitates in ferrite/bainite can provide more significant strengthening contribution (more than 300 MPa) than that in austenite (about 100 MPa). Some reasonable suggestions for the production of Nb-bearing HSLA steel with excellent mechanical properties were put forward.
2022 Vol. 29 (10): 1513-1525 [
摘要
] (
122
) [
HTML
1KB] [
PDF
0KB] (
188
)
论著
1526
Hao Wu, Tie-jun Chun, Ping Wang, Song Zhou, Tian-bao Zhou
Consolidation mechanism of fluxed hematite pellets
Fluxed pellets are becoming a popular burden for the blast furnace in China. The basicity (wCaO/wSiO
2
) ranging from 0.33 to 1.33 was prepared by adding CaO analytical reagent. The phase change of pellets during roasting was analyzed by the FactSage software, and the consolidation mechanism of fluxed hematite pellets was also investigated. The results show that the increase in basicity gradually increases the diameter, volume, and porosity of pellets. The diameter, volume, and porosity of pellets change slightly when the basicity is greater than 0.83. The increase in roasting temperature gradually decreases the volume and porosity of pellets. With the increase in pellet basicity, the compressive strength of pellets reaches the maximum at the basicity of 0.83. The higher the roasting temperature is, the more the slag phase is produced, thereby accelerating Fe
3+
diffusion and promoting Fe
2
O
3
recrystallization. In addition, the consolidation effect of the slag phase after cooling improves the consolidation strength of fluxed pellets. When the basicity is higher than 0.83, the slag phase decreases with the increase in basicity, and the high-temperature solid solution, such as melilite and spinel, increases, thereby hindering Fe
2
O
3
recrystallization.
2022 Vol. 29 (10): 1526-1534 [
摘要
] (
81
) [
HTML
1KB] [
PDF
0KB] (
147
)
1535
Guang Wang, Hong-qiang Zhang, Jing-song Wang, Qing-guo Xue
Gasification kinetics of char formed from waste polyvinyl chloride for efficient utilization in ironmaking process
In the prevailing incineration processes of municipal solid waste, the presence of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) may cause environmental problems. The energy-intensive ironmaking sector in the iron and steel industry operates at high temperature and under high reduction potential with the function of energy conversion, which can provide a potential path for the collaborative utilization of waste plastics in large quantities and low cost. The gasification of the char formed from PVC when processed in the ironmaking sector is significant for the development of the related technologies. Thus, the gasification experiment of PVC char and traditional carbonaceous materials was performed by thermogravimetric analysis. The results indicated that the gasification ability decreased in the sequence of PVC char [ anthracite coal [ coke [ graphite. Then, kinetics were also analyzed by Coats-Redfern and Doyle approximations. The PVC char showed the best gasification ability with the smallest activation energy, ranging from 87.18 to 117.52 kJ/mol, and the smaller graphitization degree of PVC char compared with other carbonaceous materials should be the main reason for its excellent gasification reactivity.
2022 Vol. 29 (10): 1535-1544 [
摘要
] (
85
) [
HTML
1KB] [
PDF
0KB] (
138
)
1545
Wei Zhang, Kui Li, Jian-hong Dong, Cheng-zhi Li, Ai-hua Liu, Ju-hua Zhang, Zheng-liang Xue
Kinetic triplet from low-temperature carburization and carbon deposition reactions
Carbon deposition reaction is unfavorable for smooth operation of blast furnace, while the product of carburization reaction is a superior iron-bearing raw material in non-blast furnace routes. The kinetic triplet of these two reactions was obtained based on non-isothermal kinetic analysis. According to the Sharp–Wentworth method, the activation energy of the carburization reaction is 397.77 kJ/mol, and the activation energies of the carbon depositions on hematite and magnetite are 188.92 and 100.89 kJ/mol, respectively. The carburization reaction is controlled by the Jander mechanism, and the carbon depositions on hematite and magnetite are both controlled by the mechanism of Zhuravlev–Lesokhin–Tempelman. Based on Coats–Redfern method, the activation energies of the above three reactions are 360.65, 149.29, and 102.36 kJ/mol, respectively. The carburization reaction is a first-order reaction, while the carbon depositions on hematite and magnetite are both third-order reaction. In particular, the negative activation energy is obtained if considering the anti-Arrhenius circumstance in the Sharp-Wentworth method. Based on above results, it is feasible to adopt non-isothermal kinetic method to study the kinetic triplet of a reaction. According to the obtained activation energies and reaction mechanism functions, the simulated kinetic data are in good agreement with the experimental values even using the negative activation energy.
2022 Vol. 29 (10): 1545-1558 [
摘要
] (
95
) [
HTML
1KB] [
PDF
0KB] (
154
)
1559
Ding-zheng Wang, De-qing Zhu, Jian Pan, Zheng-qi Guo, Hong-yu Tian, Yu-xiao Xue
A high-efficiency separation process of Fe and Zn from zinc-bearing dust by direct reduction
It is urgent to dispose of zinc-bearing dust from steel plants, and direct reduction process is an effective method to remove hazardous metals and recycle iron from the dust. The reduction behavior of carbon-containing pellets which were made from three kinds of zinc-bearing dust was investigated. When the pellets were reduced at 1200 °C for 50 min, the reduced pellets with cold compressive strength of 1164 N pellet
-1
and Zn content\0.1 wt.% could be directly used as burden for improving the blast furnace operation without further agglomeration. The results of isothermal kinetic study showed that the iron oxide reduction rate was controlled by the chemical reactions. The strengthening mechanism of reduced pellets and iron oxide reduction mechanism was investigated by thermodynamic calculation besides X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive spectrometry, and optical microscopy analyses. It was found that higher temperatures are required for the reduction of spinel phase (zinc ferrite) and olivine phase (hedenbergite). The generation and growth of metallic iron bridges could significantly increase the compressive strength of reduced pellets. The iron oxide reduction in the carbon-containing pellets followed the uniform internal reduction model and possessed a high apparent reaction rate, which can improve energy utilization rate and production efficiency.
2022 Vol. 29 (10): 1559-1572 [
摘要
] (
89
) [
HTML
1KB] [
PDF
0KB] (
149
)
1573
Shuang-ping Yang, Jiang-han Li, Wen-bing Gao, Hai-jin Liu
Optimization of manganese-rich slag extraction from low-manganese ore smelting by response surface methodology
Manganese-rich slag is a raw material for smelting silicon–manganese alloys using an electric furnace. The blast furnace method is the main method for smelting manganese-rich slag. This method has the problems of a long process, large coke consumption, and easy volatilization of metals such as lead and zinc, which affects smelting safety. A new technology for smelting manganese-rich slag with low-manganese high-iron ore by smelting reduction optimization was proposed. This technology has the advantages of a short process, low energy consumption, low carbon emissions, and comprehensive recycling of lead, zinc, and other metals. According to the chemical composition, X-ray diffraction analysis, and particle size analysis of Cote d’Ivoire low-manganese ore, an experiment was carried out on manganese-rich slag by reduction– smelting separation. Combined with the design scheme of the Box–Behnken principle, three experimental factors (temperature, basicity, and carbon content) were selected as the influences to study. The influence that each factor has on the recovery rate of manganese was studied by response surface methodology, and the experimental factors were optimized. The results show that under the conditions of a reduction-smelting temperature of 1402 °C, basicity of
R
= 0.10, and carbon content of 10 mass%, the recovery rate of manganese is 97%. A verification experiment was carried out under the optimal conditions, and the error was only 1.24%; this proves that the response surface method prediction model is reliable and accurate. This is of great significance for the comprehensive utilization of lean-manganese ore resources.
2022 Vol. 29 (10): 1573-1582 [
摘要
] (
86
) [
HTML
1KB] [
PDF
0KB] (
131
)
1583
D. Fuchs, T. Tobie, K. Stahl
Challenges in determination of microscopic degree of cleanliness in ultra-clean gear steels
Shot-peened, case-hardened gears can fail in the tooth root due to crack initiation below the surface of the steel matrix. Here, the crack is initiated at a non-metallic inclusion in the center of a so-called fisheye. This failure type can lead to a reduced endurance fatigue limit of the gears. It is for this reason that, over the last decade, much effort has been invested by steel manufacturers to reduce the non-metallic inclusion content of gear steels so as to mitigate or even completely prevent such crack initiation. These ultra-clean gear steels were achieved by various measures in the steel production process. However, as a result, the remaining non-metallic inclusions are inhomogeneously distributed in the steel volume in terms of both size and location. However, due to the inhomogeneity of ultra-clean steels, the question arose if the values derived according to the standards are still representative of ultra-clean steel batches. The results show that the standards can still be applied, but more effort must be applied. To determine the degree of cleanliness, six microsections are currently evaluated according to steel test specification (SEP) 1571, method K. It is shown that an examination of 24 microsections starting from size class 0 seems beneficial to get more reliable and comparable results of the degree of cleanliness of these ultra-clean gear steels. In addition, it is shown that a high degree of cleanliness has been achieved for all steel batches investigated with the measures taken in the steel production process.
2022 Vol. 29 (10): 1583-1600 [
摘要
] (
69
) [
HTML
1KB] [
PDF
0KB] (
149
)
1601
Jia-rui Xu, Xiao-hui Zhang, Shan Qing, Hao Zhang, Hua Wang
Instantaneous deformation characteristics of a single bubble in immiscible fluids
The passage of a rising bubble through immiscible fluids is encountered in bath smelting. In order to investigate characteristics of bubble deformation in immiscible fluids, the bubble shape change at the interface and the relationship between the bubble aspect ratio (
E
) and dimensionless number of forces were obtained. A three-dimensional model was established, and the free-floating behavior of a single bubble in immiscible fluids was numerically simulated by phase-field method. The simulation results are in good agreement with experimental results. The results indicate that when the bubble passes through the interface, the bubble shape is divided into four types in turn: ‘‘pear’’, inverted ‘‘pear’’, "convex’’ and ‘‘droplet’’ shape. In the lower liquid, the relationship of E to Weber number (
We
), Tadaki number (
Ta
), and Reynolds number (
Re
) is distributed between two intersecting lines. The relationship of
E
to Eotvos number (
E
o), a dimensionless group, and Galilei number (
Ga
) is distributed near the lines with slopes of - 3.325×10
–5
, - 0.0855, and - 8.73 ×10
–4
, respectively. In the upper liquid, the relationship of
E
to
We
,
Ta,
and
Re
is distributed between two parallel lines. Compared with gravity, the inertial force plays a leading role in the bubble shape in the lower and upper liquid. Compared with the viscous force, the surface tension dominates the bubble shape in the lower liquid.
2022 Vol. 29 (10): 1601-1612 [
摘要
] (
83
) [
HTML
1KB] [
PDF
0KB] (
159
)
1613
Jian-jun Zhang, Bing-yu Zhai, Lei Zhang, Wan-lin Wang
A comparison study on interfacial properties of fluorine-bearing and fluorine-free mold flux for casting advanced high-strength steels
A comparison study on interfacial properties of a traditional fluorine-bearing (F-bearing) mold flux and a newly designed fluorine-free (F-free) mold flux to produce advanced high-strength steels (AHSSs) by compact strip production technology was conducted. The results showed that these two kinds of mold fluxes gradually spread out on the typical AHSS substrate when slags began to melt with the increase in heating temperature, and they had a good interfacial ability between the two mold fluxes and the AHSS substrate, and there was no other interfacial reaction except the oxidization of steel substrate by the mold fluxes. In comparison, the wettability of the designed F-free mold flux with the AHSS substrate was better than that of the F-bearing mold flux. The reason could be explained as the addition of B
2
O
3
would increase the complexity and polymerization degree of the melt structure and weaken the attractive force between the ions and ionic groups, then leading to a better wettability. Besides, B
2
O
3
is an effective flux, which can reduce the melting temperature obviously, and the surface tension of the liquid F-free mold flux would get reduced with the addition of B
2
O
3
.
2022 Vol. 29 (10): 1613-1618 [
摘要
] (
98
) [
HTML
1KB] [
PDF
0KB] (
168
)
1619
Hui Li, Guan-yu Zhou, An-rui He, Zhi-hong Zhang, Chi-huan Yao, Chao Liu, Jian-wei Zhao, Wei-gang Li, Jian Shao
Generation mechanism of quarter buckle in hot-rolled temper rolling
To reveal the generation mechanism of the quarter buckle in the process of hot-rolled temper rolling, the elastic–plastic finite element method is used to calculate the deformation of the roll and the strip during the temper rolling. The change of the cross section of the strip and the distribution of the longitudinal stress are analysed under different bending forces to obtain the boundary conditions of the quarter buckle. The generation of the quarter buckle is further analysed from the bending and contact flattening of the roll system and the elastic recovery of the strip after rolling. We found that the quarter buckle is closely related to the high-order distribution of the contact flattening between the work roll and the strip and is less affected by the bending deformation of the roll and the contact flattening between the rolls. Finally, a new work roll contour of the locally variable crown is proposed to change the distribution of contact flattening between the work roll and the strip. It is verified through theoretical calculations and industrial applications that the new contour can effectively improve the quarter buckle.
2022 Vol. 29 (10): 1619-1632 [
摘要
] (
104
) [
HTML
1KB] [
PDF
0KB] (
139
)
1633
Fei Li, Li-wen Zhang, Chi Zhang, Kang-jie Song, Pei-gang Mao
Numerical simulation on recrystallization behavior and microstructure evolution during hot continuous rolling process of 38CrMoAl steel rod
The control of microstructure during hot rolling process of steel is of great importance and will affect the properties of the steel products. According to the production line, a three-dimensional multi-field coupled finite element model of 24-pass continuous hot rolling process of 38CrMoAl steel rod is established using the finite element software MSC.Marc. Based on the recrystallization kinetics model and the grain growth model, a subroutine written in Fortran is introduced to calculate the recrystallization behavior and microstructure evolution of 38CrMoAl steel during the entire rolling process. The distribution and evolution of variables such as strain, temperature and recrystallization fractions during the rolling process are analyzed. The temperature variations and grain sizes at both the center and surface of the tested steel are compared with the experimental results. And it is found that the simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental ones, confirming the reliability of the established model.
2022 Vol. 29 (10): 1633-1645 [
摘要
] (
96
) [
HTML
1KB] [
PDF
0KB] (
148
)
1646
Qi-bin Ye, Cheng Zhou, Jun Hu, Xiao-lan Gong, Yong Tian, Xiu-hua Gao, Zhao-dong Wang
Roles of nanoscale precipitates and metastable austenite in determining strength and toughness of high-strength Nb-bearing steel
The effects of tempering temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of high-strength structural steel containing niobium were investigated to examine the roles of nanoscale precipitates and metastable austenite in determining the yield strength and toughness. After hot-rolling and quenching, three experimental steels were tempered at 590, 630, and 670 °C. During tempering, nanoscale Nb(C, N) precipitates were formed with the recovery of quenched martensite. The average diameters of Nb(C, N) precipitates increased from 5.4 to 8.2 nm as the tempering temperature was increased. Notably, reversed austenite with a volume fraction of 9% was formed at tempering temperatures up to 670 °C. The yield strengths of steel containing tempered martensite tempered at 590 and 630 °C were 965 and 831 MPa, and the tensile strengths were 998 and 879 MPa, respectively. However, the steel comprising reversed austenite and tempered martensite tempered at 670 C showed continuous yielding behavior, affording yield and tensile strengths of 610 and 889 MPa, respectively. The impact energy increased from 105 to 260 J at - 60 °C with increasing tempering temperature. Reversed austenite improves low-temperature toughness by significantly increasing the crack propagation energy.
2022 Vol. 29 (10): 1646-1658 [
摘要
] (
77
) [
HTML
1KB] [
PDF
0KB] (
159
)
1659
Ru-ming Geng, Jing Li, Cheng-bin Shi
Influence of cerium treatment on inclusion modification and as-cast microstructure of high-strength low-alloy steel
The influence of cerium treatment on the inclusion evolution and as-cast microstructure of high-strength low-alloy steel was investigated. Properties including the inclusions characteristics, element distribution, and the in situ solidification were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and high-temperature confocal laser scanning microscopy, respectively. The results indicated that, after the addition of Ce, the Al
2
O
3
inclusions evolved to form Ce
2
O
2
S and CeAlO
3
inclusions, which exhibited a decrease in size alongside corresponding increase in their number density. The equiaxed grain ratio exhibited by the as-cast microstructure increased significantly upon the addition of Ce, while a reduction in the segregation and a corresponding increase in the homogeneity of the carbon distribution within the as-cast microstructure were also achieved. The results of the in situ observation of the solidification suggested that the addition of Ce significantly reduced the solidification temperature range, thus reducing the carbon segregation. The nucleation effect imparted by Al
2
O
3
, Ce
2
O
2
S, and CeAlO
3
on the δ-Fe formation was discussed in the context of the disregistry theory, which revealed that the formation of a large number of fine Ce
2
O
2
S inclusions promoted δ-Fe formation via heterogeneous nucleation.
2022 Vol. 29 (10): 1659-1668 [
摘要
] (
99
) [
HTML
1KB] [
PDF
0KB] (
135
)
1669
Yi Luo, Wei Li, Peng-wei Zhou, Yuan-tao Xu, Hui-yong Pang, Ning Zhong, Hui-sheng Jiao, Xue-jun Jin
Effect of tempering on carbides and hydrogen embrittlement in E690 high strength marine structural steel
The effect of tempering on carbides and hydrogen embrittlement in E690 high strength marine structural steel has been investigated. The steel was tempered at 600 C for 1–3 h. Detailed characterization was carried out to characterize the microstructure, especially the dislocation density and grain size. The hydrogen permeation test and thermal desorption spectroscopy test were also implemented. The dislocation density decreases, the amount of carbide increases, and carbides (M23C6 and MX) coarsen with the tempering time increasing. After tempered at 600 °C for 3 h, the diffusible hydrogen trapped by lattice and dislocation decreases while the non-diffusible hydrogen trapped by carbides increases, leading to the best hydrogen embrittlement resistance, although hydrogen diffuses rapidly due to the reduction of dislocation density. And the fracture mode changes from a combination of brittle cleavage and ductile dimpled fracture to fully ductile dimple fracture under hydrogen charging condition. Moreover, a phenomenon that hydrogen accelerates the dislocations movement of the steel during deformation was observed, which is related to the fact that hydrogen enhanced localized plasticity mechanism.
2022 Vol. 29 (10): 1669-1682 [
摘要
] (
108
) [
HTML
1KB] [
PDF
0KB] (
148
)
1683
Ming-ming Wang, Xiu-hua Gao, Li-ying Song, Cheng-lin Zhu, Lin-xiu Du, Raja Devesh Kumar Misra
Hydrogen trapping and electrochemical corrosion behavior of V–N microalloyed X80 pipeline steels consisting of acicular ferrite and polygonal ferrite
Hydrogen trapping behavior of V–N microalloyed X80 pipeline steels was studied by means of hydrogen permeation and hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) tests. In addition, the electrochemical performance of the steels in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution was investigated. Results indicated that the microstructure of experimental steels mainly consisted of acicular ferrite and polygonal ferrite (PF). When the fraction of PF was 9.1% and 30.4%, hydrogen effective diffusion coefficient was 1.624×10
-6
and 3.121×10
-6
cm
2
/s, respectively. The pipeline steels were not susceptible to HIC. Numerous potential hydrogen traps distributed in homogeneous dispersion were conducive to high HIC resistance. With increasing the fraction of PF from 9.1% to 30.4%, the corrosion current density increased from 5.39×10
-6
to 9.49×10
-6
A cm
-2
, the corrosion potential decreased from - 0.48 to - 0.57 V, and the charge transfer resistance decreased from 2301 to 2068 Ω cm
2
, respectively. Increased fraction of PF was disadvantageous for corrosion resistance because of galvanic corrosion.
2022 Vol. 29 (10): 1683-1693 [
摘要
] (
80
) [
HTML
1KB] [
PDF
0KB] (
146
)
1694
Shao-zheng Ma, Li-juan Sun, Hu-yuan Sun, Hong-bin Sun, Jin-feng Jiang, Yi-xin Yin, Shu-feng Qu, Zhen-hua Liu, Shao-xia Xu
Stabilization technology and corrosion mechanism of rust layer on Q370 weathering steel surface
A newly developed rust layer on Q370qENH weathering steel (sample C) was studied under dry–wet cycle test of 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution and salt spray test, compared with the bare weathering steel (sample A) and the weathering steel with additive contents (CuSO
4
0.2, FeSO
4
0.1, NaHSO
3
0.02, NaCl 0.02, Na
2
HPO
4
0.01, and water balance, in mass%, termed as sample B). Corrosion mechanism of Q370qENH weathering steel after different surface treatments was investigated by means of surface potential scanning, mass change, polarization curve, and X-ray diffraction. The results of X-ray diffraction indicate that rust of bare weathering steel has rare Fe
3
O
4
, and a dense oxide layer mainly composed of Fe
3
O
4
is formed on rust of both sample B and sample C. The surface potential of sample A gradually increases to - 0.2 V in the dry–wet cycle test, while the surface potential of sample A maintains at about - 0.6 V in the salt spray test. The surface potential of sample B and sample C is higher than that of sample A in the early stage and remains stable during the shortterm accelerated corrosion test. Moreover, the mass change of sample C gradually stabilizes with time in the dry–wet cycle and salt spray test. The corrosion current of the sample A is lower than that of sample C in the initial stage of short-term accelerated corrosion test. However, the corrosion current of sample C is smaller than that of the sample A in the experiment. The main components of the deep rust of sample A are γ-FeOOH and α-FeOOH, while those of the deep rust of sample B and sample C are Fe
3
O
4
.
2022 Vol. 29 (10): 1694-1709 [
摘要
] (
88
) [
HTML
1KB] [
PDF
0KB] (
152
)
钢铁研究学报(英文版)
编辑部公告
·
《钢铁研究学报》第二届青年编委招募
·
《钢铁研究学报》英文版“极端环境下材料的腐蚀和磨损”专刊征稿启事
·
《钢铁研究学报》英文版“钢铁冶金固废资源化利用”专刊征稿启事
·
《钢铁研究学报》英文版“多相多尺度冶金过程数值仿真”专刊征稿启事
·
《钢铁研究学报》英文版“人工智能在钢铁冶金及材料中的应用”专刊征稿启事
更多
作者指南
投稿须知
论文模板
标准规范
版权协议
读者会员登录
友 情 链 接
更多
版权所有 © 《钢铁研究学报(英文版)》编辑部
地址：北京市海淀区学院南路76号 邮政编码：100081
