Abstract:Fine bubbles produced in tundish have excellent abilities to help inclusion float and remove. The tundish fine bubble refining technologies were summarized and the literature related to the argon injection into ladle shroud technology was analyzed in detail. The results show that utilizing the molten steel with large turbulent energy in tundish to split bubbles into smaller ones can form a kind of high efficiency inclusion removal technology. Some new technologies are being developed, and the argon injection into ladle shroud technology has a good prospect. The industrial trial of "cold steel sheet sampling method " shows that fine dispersed argon bubbles can be formed in molten steel by the argon injection into ladle shroud technology, most of which are less than 2 mm in diameter. There are two stages during the formation process of fine bubbles in ladle shroud, bubble detachment in wall orifice and detached bubble being split into smaller ones in turbulent steel. The latter has an obvious effect on the shear fracture of argon bubble.There exist many reports on water model of the argon injection into ladle shroud technology, but few on numerical simulation, and the industrial experimental research is just beginning. We need to do more in-depth works.
张硕, 刘建华, 苏晓峰, 李巍. 中间包微气泡冶金技术发展[J]. 连铸, 2021, 40(5): 34-42.
ZHANG Shuo, LIU Jian-hua, SU Xiao-feng, LI Wei. Development of fine bubble metallurgy in tundish. CONTINUOUS CASTING, 2021, 40(5): 34-42.
Schulze H J. Hydrodynamics of bubble-mineral particle collisions[J]. Mineral Procesing and Extractive Metallurgy Review, 1989, 5(1-4): 43.
[2]
Nguyen A V, Schulze H J, Ralston J. Elementary steps in particle—bubble attachment[J]. International Journal of Mineral Processing, 1997, 51(1-4): 183.
[3]
Wang L, Lee H G, Hayes P. Prediction of the optimum bubble size for inclusion removal from molten steel by flotation[J]. ISIJ International, 1996, 36(1): 7.
[4]
Zhang L, Taniguchi S. Fundamentals of inclusion removal from liquid steel by bubble flotation[J]. International Materials Reviews, 2000, 45(2): 59.
[5]
Söder M, Jönsson P, Jonsson L. Inclusion growth and removal in gas-stirred ladles[J]. Steel Research International, 2004, 75(2): 128.
[6]
Zhang L, Aoki J, Thomas B G. Inclusion removal by bubble flotation in a continuous casting mold[J]. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, 2006, 37(3): 361.
Souza G M, Mendonça A F G, Tavares R P. Physical and mathematical modeling of inclusion behavior in a tundish with gas curtain[J]. REM-International Engineering Journal, 2020, 73(4): 531.
[13]
SHENG D. Mathematical modelling of multiphase flow and inclusion behavior in a single-strand tundish[J]. Metals, 2020, 10(9): 1213.
[14]
Holzinger G, Thumfart M. Flow interaction in continuous casting tundish due to bubble curtain operation[J]. Steel Research International, 2019, 90(6): 1800642.
[15]
Neves L, Tavares R P. Analysis of the mathematical model of the gas bubbling curtain injection on the bottom and the walls of a continuous casting tundish[J]. Ironmaking and Steelmaking, 2017, 44(8): 559.
Mazumdar D, Singh P K, Tiwari R K. Shrouded transfer of molten steel from ladle to tundish: current understanding, mathematical modelling and new insight[J]. ISIJ International, 2018, 58(8): 1545.
[18]
Wang L, Lee H G, Hayes P. A new approach to molten steel refining using fine gas bubbles[J]. ISIJ International, 1996, 36(1): 17.
[19]
Cho J, Lee H. Cold model study on inclusion removal from liquid steel using fine gas bubbles[J]. ISIJ International, 2001, 41(2): 151.
[20]
BAO Y, LIU J, XU B. Behaviors of fine bubbles in the shroud nozzle of ladle and tundish[J]. Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing(English Edition), 2003, 10(4): 20.
[21]
ZHANG Q, WANG L, XU Z. A new method of removing inclusions in molten steel by injecting gas from the shroud[J]. ISIJ International, 2006, 46(8): 1177.
[22]
CHANG S, ZOU Z, LIU J, et al. Study on the slag-metal interfacial behavior under the impact of bubbles in different sizes[J]. Powder Technology, 2021, 387: 125.
LAI Q, LUO Z, HOU Q, et al. Numerical study of inclusion removal in steel continuous casting mold considering interactions between bubbles and inclusions[J]. ISIJ International, 2018, 58(11):2062.
CHANG S, LIU Z, ZOU Z, et al. Bubble formation by short plunging jet in a continuous casting tundish[J]. Metals, 2020, 10(12): 1590.
[31]
CHANG S, CAO X, ZOU Z, et al. Microbubble swarms in a full-scale water model tundish[J]. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, 2016, 47(5): 2732.
[32]
Sutherland K L. Physical chemistry of flotation. XI. Kinetics of the flotation process[J]. The Journal of Physical Chemistry, 1948, 52(2): 394.
[33]
WANG L, ZHANG Q, DENG C. Mathematical model for removal of inclusion in molten steel by injecting gas at ladle shroud[J]. ISIJ International, 2005, 45(8): 1138.
LI J, WEN G, ZHU M, et al. A new application of turbulator in removing inclusions by injecting gas from the shroud[J]. Metalurgia International, 2012, 17(7): 57.
[37]
Evans G M, Jameson G J, Atkinson B W. Prediction of the bubble size generated by a plunging liquid jet bubble column[J]. Chemical Engineering Science, 1992, 47(13/14):3265.
[38]
CHANG S, CAO X, ZOU Z, et al. Micro-bubble formation under non-wetting conditions in a full-scale water model of a ladle shroud/tundish system[J]. ISIJ International, 2018, 58(1): 60.
[39]
Bai H, Thomas B G. Bubble formation during horizontal gas injection into downward-flowing liquid[J]. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, 2001, 32(6): 1143.
[40]
CHANG S, CAO X, ZOU Z. Regimes of micro-bubble formation using gas injection into ladle shroud[J]. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, 2018, 49(3): 953.
[41]
Marshall S H, Chudacek M W, Bagster D F. A model for bubble formation from an orifice with liquid cross-flow[J]. Chemical Engineering Science, 1993, 48(11): 2049.
[42]
Zheng X, Hayes P C, Lee H G. Particle removal from liquid phase using fine gas bubbles[J]. ISIJ International, 1997, 37(11): 1091.
[43]
CHANG S, GE S, ZOU Z, et al. Modeling slag behavior when using micro-bubble swarms for the deep cleaning of liquid steel in tundishes[J]. Steel Research International, 2017, 88(6): 1600328.
[44]
Chang S, Cao X, Hsin C H, et al. Removal of inclusions using micro-bubble swarms in a four-strand, full-scale, water model tundish[J]. ISIJ International, 2016, 56(7): 1188.
[45]
Singh P K, Mazumdar D. A physical model study of two-phase gas-liquid flows in a ladle shroud[J]. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, 2018, 49(4): 1945.
[46]
CHANG S, HUANG W, ZOU Z, et al. Motion behavior of micro-bubbles in a delta shape tundish using impact pad[J]. Powder Technology, 2020, 367: 296.
[47]
Chattopadhyay K, Isac M, Guthrie R I L. Physical and mathematical modelling of inert gas shrouding in a tundish[J]. ISIJ International, 2011, 51(4): 573.
[48]
Chatterjee S, Chattopadhyay K. Physical modeling of slag 'eye' in an inert gas-shrouded tundish using dimensional analysis[J]. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, 2016, 47(1): 508.
[49]
Chatterjee S, Chattopadhyay K. Formation of slag 'eye' in an inert gas shrouded Tundish[J]. ISIJ International, 2015, 55(7): 1416.