在304不锈钢精密带光亮退火生产环节，钢带表面易出现金属粉的现象，导致产品表面质量存在不稳定性。针对304不锈钢精密钢带表面出现的“炉灰”缺陷，利用扫描电子显微镜观察其形貌，并用能谱仪对缺陷处局部成分进行了点扫描和面扫描检测。结果表明，304精密钢带“炉灰”缺陷微观形貌为白色微颗粒。结合能谱微区分析结果和相关研究分析，推测“炉灰”缺陷主要是由于304不锈钢基体组织中硼元素质量分数过高，钢带在光亮退火过程中硼原子易与保护气氛中分解的活性较高的氮原子结合，生成氮化硼析出而形成的。通过控制不锈钢基体中硼元素质量分数不大于0.001 5%，从而达到有效降低304不锈钢精密钢带“炉灰”缺陷的目的。

 In the bright annealing process of 304 stainless steel precision strip，metal powder is easy to appear on the surface of the strip，which leads to the instability of the surface quality of the product. The morphology of the "ash" defect on the surface of 304 stainless steel precision strip was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM)，and the point analysis and surface distribution of local components were also detected using an energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). The results show that micro morphology of the 304 stainless steel "ash" defect of the precision steel strip is white micro particles. Based on the results of energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and related studies，it is inferred that the defect is mainly due to the high content of boron in the matrix of 304 stainless steel. During the bright annealing process，the B atom is easy to combine with the N atom which is decomposed in protective atmosphere to form boron nitride. By controlling the content of B element in the stainless steel matrix less than 0.001 5%，the "ash" defect of 304 stainless steel precision strip can be effectively reduced.