超高强度不锈钢因强度高、韧性好及耐腐蚀性能优异而被广泛需求。沉淀强化是这类钢获得高强度的重要强化方式，但其析出过程复杂，作用机制尚不明确，成为制约新型超高强度不锈钢开发的关键因素。介绍了超高强度不锈钢的分类、牌号、成分及力学性能，重点阐述了马氏体型超高强度不锈钢沉淀强化相的演变过程及强化机理研究，提出材料计算科学、强化机理理论和资源节约技术等是超高强度不锈钢发展的重要方向。

Ultra high strength（UHS） stainless steels have been widely demanded because of high strength，good toughness and excellent corrosion resistant. Precipitation hardening plays an important role in possessing high strength of the steels，but the complex precipitation process and unclear mechanism are the key factors to limit the exploitation of new UHS stainless steels. The classifications，marks，compositions and mechanical properties of UHS stainless steels were introduced. The evolution of precipitations and reinforcement mechanism research of martensitic UHS stainless steels were summarized. The significant directions of development of UHS stainless steels as computational materials science，strengthening theory and resource saving technology were pointed out.