“碳达峰”和“碳中和”目标的提出,使得绿色钢铁的概念受到广泛关注。绿色钢铁不仅是指钢铁企业的排放指标优良、环境优美,更是要打造工艺优化、设备优化、流程优化的铁素流、能量流和信息流“三流归集”的低碳、低成本的生产线,实现企业从设计、建造、生产到淘汰的全寿命成本最低的目标。当前以降低生产排放,合理循环利用为主要目的的长流程生产工艺,以副枪+动态控制的自动炼钢,集成废钢预热、一罐到底、钢包加盖、合金烘烤、下渣检测、滑板挡渣、余热回收利用、干式一次除尘+二、三次除尘+散点除尘、钢渣综合利用等设备和技术,在已投产的项目取得了良好的效果,且仍在持续改进和提高。此外,在进行平面设计和工艺设计时,应充分利用场地天然地势高差,重视降低生产运行成本。同时,生产企业还应培养建立绿色钢铁生产的专业化人才队伍,注重从生产管理入手,规范信息管理,优化生产调度和工序衔接,提高全流程的物质转化与能量转换效率。建立着眼于从原料到成品的全流程的物质流、能量流和信息流的管理,实现以产品质量定原料的“定制化”生产模式。以打造全寿命成本最低的钢铁企业为目标,开发涵盖工厂设计、建造和生产运行的全寿命智能管理软件,管控全寿命周期内的各阶段成本,从而实现真正意义上的绿色钢铁生产。
Abstract
The proposal of "carbon peak" and "carbon neutrality" has made the concept of green steel attract widespread attention. Green steel not only refers to the excellent emission indicators and beautiful environment of iron and steel enterprises, but also means to build a low carbon and cost production line that integrates process optimization, equipment optimization, and process optimization of "three-flow collection" which ferrite flow, energy flow and information flow, achieved the goal of the lowest life-cycle cost of the enterprise from design, construction, production to elimination. The current long-process production process with the main purpose of reducing production emissions and rational recycling, through automatic steelmaking with sublance and dynamic control, integrated equipment and technologies such as scrap preheating, one tank to the end, ladle capping, alloy baking, slag detection, sliding plate slag blocking, waste heat recycling, dry primary dedusting, secondary, tertiary and scattered dedusting, and comprehensive utilization of steel slag, good results have been achieved in the projects that have been put into production, and they are still improving. In addition, when carrying out layout and process design, the natural terrain height difference of the site should be fully utilized, and attention should be paid to reducing production and operation. At the same time, production enterprises should also cultivate and establish a professional talent team for green steel production, focus on standardizing information management from production management, optimize production scheduling and process connection, and improve the efficiency of material conversion and energy conversion in the whole process. Enterprise should establish the management of material flow, energy flow and information flow focusing on the whole process from raw materials to finished products, and realize the "customized" production mode that determines raw material based on product quality. Design enterprise should aiming to build an iron and steel enterprise with the lowest life-cycle cost, develop life-cycle intelligent management software covering plant design, construction and production operation, and manage and control the cost of each stage in the life-cycle, so as to realize green steel production in the true sense.
关键词
绿色钢铁 /
转炉炼钢工艺 /
工艺设计 /
平面设计 /
生产管理
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Key words
green steel /
converter steelmaking process /
process design /
layout design /
production management
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脚注
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基金
国家自然科学基金青年基金资助项目(52004094); 河北省自然科学基金资助项目(E2021209037)
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