钢铁行业作为中国的支柱产业之一,它提供了其他行业发展的基础原材料。高炉是中国钢铁生产的主要设备,随着其技术水平的提升,中国高炉正朝着大型化、智能化和长寿方向不断推进,但是在此过程中,高炉也面临着许多问题,其中炉体上涨就是一个高炉大型化过程中普遍存在的现象。引起炉体上涨原因有多种,而炉缸炉底热应力是未有明确结论且颇为重要的一种。为了研究炉缸炉底热应力对高炉炉体上涨的影响,以某钢厂3号3 200 m3高炉为研究对象,建立三维炉缸炉底计算模型,运用OpenFOAM进行数值仿真计算,得到其稳态温度场分布,之后将该分布与实际热电偶所测数据进行对比,选择两者最为相近的温度场结果设定为瞬态模拟的温度初始条件,并在此基础上求解得到瞬态模拟的温度场和热应力场分布。计算结果表明,1 423 K和1 143 K等温线均处于陶瓷杯砌体内,这说明在该区域易形成渣铁保护层且避免了炭砖脆化的发生;炉缸炉底的等效热应力值为1.354×106~7.104×108 Pa,尤其炉壳部分等效热应力值最大,在炉缸与炉底的交界处、不同材质的交界处和炉缸侧壁几何结构的转角处,均存在应力集中现象,在生产过程中,这些区域会首先被破坏,从而加剧整个炉衬的进一步侵蚀;由热应力造成的炉体上涨量为49.684 mm。
Abstract
As one of the pillar industries in China, the steel industry provides the basic raw materials for the development of other industries. Blast furnaces (BFs) are the main equipment for steel production in China. With the improvement of their technological level, blast furnaces in China are constantly advancing towards large-scale, intelligent, and long service life. However, in this process, BFs also face many problems, among which the rise of BF is a common phenomenon in the process of large-scale BFs. There are various reasons for the rise of the BF, and the thermal stress at the hearth and bottom of the BF is an important and unclear one. In order to study the impact of thermal stress on the rise of the BF body, a three-dimensional calculation model of the hearth and bottom was established with Laigang No.3 3 200 m3 BF as the research object, and uses OpenFOAM for numerical simulation to obtain its steady-state temperature field distribution. Then, the distribution is compared with the data measured by actual thermocouples, and the temperature field result that is closest to the two is selected as the initial temperature condition for transient simulation, and on this basis, the temperature field and thermal stress field distribution of the transient simulation are solved. The calculation results show that the 1 423 K and 1 143 K isotherms are both located inside the ceramic cup masonry, indicating that a slag iron protective layer is easily formed in this area and the occurrence of carbon brick embrittlement is avoided. The equivalent thermal stress value of the furnace hearth and bottom ranges from 1.354×106 Pa to 7.104×108 Pa, especially in the furnace shell part, where the maximum equivalent thermal stress value occurs. Stress concentration occurs at the interface between the furnace hearth and bottom, at the interface of different materials, and the corner of the geometric structure of the furnace hearth sidewall. During the production process, these areas will be first damaged, thereby exacerbating further erosion of the entire furnace lining; The rise of BF caused by thermal stress is 49.684 mm.
关键词
炉体上涨 /
炉缸炉底 /
OpenFOAM /
数值仿真 /
温度场 /
热应力场
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Key words
furnace body rise /
hearth and bottom /
OpenFOAM /
numerical simulation /
temperature field /
thermal stress field
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脚注
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基金
上海高校特聘教授(东方学者)资助项目(TP2015039)
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