钢铁冶金尘泥提锌工艺的研究进展

吕为建; 王龙; 张浩; 李宗续; 王玲; 李富平

doi:10.13228/j.boyuan.issn0449-749x.20230233

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钢铁 ›› 2024, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (1) : 157-167. DOI: 10.13228/j.boyuan.issn0449-749x.20230233

环保与能源

钢铁冶金尘泥提锌工艺的研究进展

吕为建¹, 王龙^1,2,3,4, 张浩¹, 李宗续¹, 王玲¹, 李富平^1,3,4

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Research on progress of zinc extraction process from iron and steel metallurgical sludge

吕为建¹, 王龙^1,2,3,4, 张浩¹, 李宗续¹, 王玲¹, 李富平^1,3,4

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摘要

钢铁冶金尘泥是钢铁冶炼环节的副产物,其中含有一定量的金属锌资源,采取合理工艺提取钢铁尘泥中的锌,不仅可以降低环境污染,减少锌对冶炼环节的不利影响,促进钢铁企业绿色生产,也可以增加锌资源量。在总结钢铁冶金尘泥的来源、化学成分和物相组成基础上,总结了钢铁冶金尘泥中锌资源的利用现状及处理技术,详细阐述了物理法、火法、湿法、低共熔溶剂浸出法、超声法、微波法、生物法等提锌工艺原理及优缺点。物理法处理具有工艺操作简单、投资和运行成本较低等优点,但处理效率普遍不高,一般只作为火法和湿法工艺的预处理工艺;火法工艺虽然可以大量处理冶金尘泥,但得到的产物纯度不高,存在着高污染和高能耗等问题;与火法工艺相比,湿法工艺需要的资金较少,环境效益更高,具有更高的选择性,更低的能耗和更少的有害气体排放等优点,但也存在着浸出剂浓度高、反应速度慢、设备腐蚀严重等不足。低共熔溶剂浸出法、超声法,生物法等新兴工艺较传统工艺在提锌方面具有一定的优势,但在实际应用中,同样存在一些问题需要完善,有待进一步推广应用。实现新兴提锌工艺与传统处理工艺的有效结合,研发更清洁、更环保的高效提锌工艺是未来钢铁冶金尘泥资源化利用的重要发展方向。

Abstract

Iron and steel metallurgical dust sludge is a by-product of iron and steel smelting processes,which contains a certain amount of metalic zinc resources. Adopting reasonable technology to extract zinc from iron and steel dust sludge can not only reduce environmental pollution,reduce the adverse effects of zinc on smelting processes,promote green production in iron and steel enterprises,but also increase zinc resources. On the basis of summarizing of the source,chemical composition and phase composition of iron and steel metallurgical sludge,the utilization status and treatment technology of zinc resources in iron and steel metallurgical dust were summarized. The principles,advantages and disadvantages of zinc extraction processes such as physical method,fire method,wet method,deep eutectic solvent leaching method,ultrasonic method,microwave method and biological method were described in detail. The physical treatment process has the advantages of simple operation,low investment and operation cost,but the treatment efficiency is generally not high,and it is generally only used as a pretreatment process for fire and wet processes. Although pyrometallurgical methods can handle large amounts of metallurgical sludge,the purity of the products obtained is not high. Meanwhile,there are problems such as high pollution and high energy consumption. Compared with pyrometallurgical methods,wet process requires less capital,has higher environmental benefits and higher selectivity,lower energy consumption and less harmful gas emission. However,it also has some disadvantages such as high concentration of leaching agent,slow reaction speed and serious corrosion to equipment. The emerging processes such as deep eutectic solvent leaching,ultrasonic method and biological method have certain advantages over traditional processes in zinc extraction. However,in practical applications,there are also some problems that need to be improved and further promoted. The effective combination of emerging zinc extraction technologies with traditional processing methods and the development of cleaner and more environmentally friendly and efficient zinc extraction processes are important directions for the future resource utilization of steel and iron metallurgical sludge.

关键词

钢铁冶金尘泥 / 提锌 / 处理工艺 / 综合利用 / 进展

Key words

iron and steel metallurgical sludge / zinc extraction / treatment process / comprehensive utilization / progress

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吕为建, 王龙, 张浩, 等. 钢铁冶金尘泥提锌工艺的研究进展[J]. 钢铁, 2024, 59(1): 157-167 https://doi.org/10.13228/j.boyuan.issn0449-749x.20230233

LÜ Weijian, WANG Long, ZHANG Hao, et al. Research on progress of zinc extraction process from iron and steel metallurgical sludge[J]. Iron and Steel, 2024, 59(1): 157-167 https://doi.org/10.13228/j.boyuan.issn0449-749x.20230233

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