HIsmelt熔融还原工艺处理赤泥的可行性分析与探讨

郄亚娜; 李娜; 张淑会; 魏召强; 李艳军; 王新东

doi:10.13228/j.boyuan.issn0449-749x.20230530

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钢铁 ›› 2024, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (3) : 175-182. DOI: 10.13228/j.boyuan.issn0449-749x.20230530

环保与能源

HIsmelt熔融还原工艺处理赤泥的可行性分析与探讨

郄亚娜¹, 李娜¹, 张淑会¹, 魏召强², 李艳军³, 王新东⁴

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Feasibility analysis and discussion on treating red mud by HIsmelt reduction process

郄亚娜¹, 李娜¹, 张淑会¹, 魏召强², 李艳军³, 王新东⁴

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摘要

赤泥作为冶炼铝土矿产生的固体废弃物,产量大、利用率低,中国赤泥的利用率在10%以下,目前大部分赤泥仍堆放处理,不仅占用大量土地资源,而且会对环境造成严重污染,实现多渠道、大规模的赤泥回收利用已成为中国乃至全世界亟待解决的课题。通过物质能量守恒定律并结合FactSage热力学计算及试验验证,分析HIsmelt熔融还原高铁赤泥炉渣的物相析出过程及黏度变化规律,得到了HIsmelt熔融还原处理赤泥的添加比例,并通过炉渣熔融改制处理探究了HIsmelt熔融还原处理赤泥生产微晶石的可行性。研究结果表明,在HIsmelt正常冶炼PB矿粉工艺条件下配加30%（质量分数）以下的赤泥对炉渣黏度和物相组成的影响不大;通过改变炉渣碱度、MgO/Al₂O₃质量比、添加稀释剂对炉渣进行熔融改质,得到在炉渣碱度为1.2时,MgO/Al₂O₃质量比为0.6左右时的炉渣黏度最低,但同时炉渣中w（SiO₂）较低,这表明单纯调整炉渣成分虽可改善炉渣流动性,但无法满足生产微晶石的w（SiO₂）要求。在保证炉渣流动性的基础上,通过添加CaF₂可增加炉渣中w（SiO₂）,当CaF₂添加量为3%~5%时,炉渣中w（SiO₂）达到40%以上,可考虑作为生产微晶石的原料。

Abstract

Red mud, as a solid waste produced by smelting bauxite, has a large production and low utilization rate, and the utilization rate of red mud in China is less than 10%. At present, most of the red mud is disposed of by piling, which not only occupies a large amount of land resources, but also causes serious pollution to the environment, and the realization of multi-channel and large-scale recycling of red mud has become an urgent issue in China and even in the whole world. Through the law of conservation of matter and energy and combined with FactSage thermodynamic calculations and experimental verification, we analyzed the physical phase precipitation process and viscosity change rule of HIsmelt melt-reduced high iron red mud slag, obtained the addition ratio of HIsmelt melt-reduced treated red mud, and explored the feasibility of producing microcrystalline stone from HIsmelt melt-reduced treated red mud through the slag melting and reforming treatment. The results show that the addition of 30% （mass percent） or less of red mud under the normal smelting PB ore powder process conditions of HIsmelt has little effect on the slag viscosity and physical phase composition; melt reforming of slag by changing the slag alkalinity, the mass ratio of MgO/Al₂O₃, and the addition of diluent was obtained to obtain the decrease of viscosity with the increase of the slag alkalinity; at the time when the slag alkalinity is 1.2,and the MgO/Al₂O₃ mass ratio of about 0.6 slag viscosity lowest, but at the same time the slag w（SiO₂） decrease, which shows that purely adjust the slag composition can improve the slag mobility, but can not meet the production of microcrystalline stone w（SiO₂） content requirements. On the basis of ensuring slag fluidity, w（SiO₂） content in slag can be increased by adding CaF₂. When CaF₂ is added at 3%-5%, the slag reaches more than 40%, which can be considered as the raw material for the production of microcrystalline stone.

关键词

HIsmelt工艺 / 赤泥 / 微晶石 / 炉渣改制 / 物相演变

Key words

HIsmelt technology / red mud / microcrystalline stone / slag restructuring / phase evolution

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郄亚娜, 李娜, 张淑会, 等. HIsmelt熔融还原工艺处理赤泥的可行性分析与探讨[J]. 钢铁, 2024, 59(3): 175-182 https://doi.org/10.13228/j.boyuan.issn0449-749x.20230530

QIE Yana, LI Na, ZHANG Shuhui, et al. Feasibility analysis and discussion on treating red mud by HIsmelt reduction process[J]. Iron and Steel, 2024, 59(3): 175-182 https://doi.org/10.13228/j.boyuan.issn0449-749x.20230530

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