在“碳达峰”“碳中和”背景下,高炉炼铁是钢铁产业实现双碳目标的重要环节。复合铁焦是能够实现高炉低碳冶炼的新炉料,铁焦对综合炉料熔滴性能以及高炉应用铁焦低碳冶炼至关重要。系统研究了不同铁焦添加量和装料方式条件下,高炉综合炉料熔滴性能的演变。此外,通过快速冷却试验对综合炉料不同冶炼阶段还原、软熔、渣铁滴落和料层结构演变行为进行了探讨和分析,揭示了铁焦对高炉综合炉料熔滴性能的影响机制。结果表明,含铁炉料中掺入铁焦对综合炉料熔滴性能的改善效果明显。高炉使用铁焦适宜的添加量为20%~30%,混合装料是铁焦适宜的装料方式。与未添加铁焦情况相比,此铁焦添加条件下的综合炉料软化温度区间由136 ℃增加至197 ℃,熔化温度区间由171 ℃降低至152 ℃,软熔带位置降低;渣铁滴落率由59.1%提高至78.7%;料层最大压差由39.5 kPa降低至3.6 kPa,S值（高炉综合炉料软熔过程的特征值）由3 616.1 kPa·℃降低至276.6 kPa·℃。通过分析和讨论,添加铁焦能够提高综合炉料熔滴性能的机理,铁焦添加量的增加以及铁焦与含铁炉料采取混合装料方式,均能增加铁焦在含铁炉料中的弥散分布程度,加强铁焦与含铁炉料的紧密接触,从而加强铁焦对含铁炉料的还原促进作用、调整优化炉渣成分而降低炉渣黏度的作用、促进金属铁渗碳以及支撑和间隔炉料作用,进而显著改善综合炉料的软熔、滴落和透气性能。
Abstract
In the context of "carbon peaking and carbon neutrality", blast furnace （BF） ironmaking is an important link in achieving the "carbon peaking and carbon neutrality" goal in the steel industry. Iron coke is a new material that can achieve low-carbon smelting in BF. The impact of iron coke on the softening-melting-dropping performance of the BF mixed burdens is crucial for the application of iron coke in low-carbon BF smelting. The softening-melting-dropping properties evolution of BF mixed burdens under different iron coke addition amounts and charging methods have been systematically studied. Furthermore, the rapid cooling experiment has been conducted to explore and analyze the reduction, softening-melting, slag-iron dripping and material layer structure evolution behavior of BF mixed burdens at different smelting stages, and the influence mechanism of iron coke on the softening-melting-dropping performance of BF mixed burdens has been revealed. The results indicate that the addition of iron coke among iron-bearing burdens has a significant improvement effect on the softening-melting-dropping properties of BF mixed burdens. 20%-30% is the appropriate addition amount of iron coke used for BF smelting, and mixed charging is the appropriate charging method for iron coke. Compared with the situation that without adding iron coke, the softening interval of mixed burdens under the above optimization condition is increased from 136 ℃ to 197 ℃, the melting temperature interval is decreased from 171 ℃ to 152 ℃, the position of cohesive zone is relatively low; the dripping rate of slag and iron is improved from 59.1% to 78.7%; the maximum pressure drop of burden bed is decreased from 39.5 kPa to 3.6 kPa, and the S value is reduced from 3 616.1 kPa·℃ to 276.6 kPa·℃. Through analysis and discussion, the mechanism of adding iron coke to improve the softening-melting-dropping properties of BF mixed burdens is obtained. The increase in the addition amount of iron coke and the adoption of a mixed charging method between iron coke and iron-bearing burdens both can increase the dispersion distribution of iron coke among iron-bearing burdens and strengthen the close contact between iron coke and iron-bearing burdens. The above effects will strengthen the reduction promotion effect of iron coke on iron-bearing burdens, adjust and optimize the slag composition to reduce the viscosity of slag, promote metallic iron carburization, and support and interval the iron-bearing burdens. This can significantly improve the softening-melting-dropping properties of BF mixed burdens.
关键词
铁焦 /
添加量 /
装料方式 /
高炉 /
综合炉料 /
熔滴性能
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Key words
iron coke /
addition amount /
charging method /
blast furnace /
mixed burdens /
softening-melting-dropping properties
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脚注
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基金
国家自然科学基金-NSFC-辽宁联合基金资助项目（U1808212）; 辽宁省“兴辽英才计划”资助项目（XLYC1902118）
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