电弧炉炼钢具有流程短、能耗和碳排放低的特点,是世界钢铁工业实现可持续发展的重要驱动力。中冶赛迪在电炉工艺理论、核心装备、智能控制等方面进行了一系列研究,通过技术研发和中试试验,开发了多项聚焦高效、低碳、低能耗、环境友好的绿色高效电炉炼钢技术,其中,高效废钢输送技术废钢平均输送速度可达7 m/min以上;阶梯翻滚废钢预热技术可提高废钢预热温度70~100 ℃;IGBT（insulated gate bipolar transistor,绝缘栅双极晶体管）柔性直流供电电炉功率因数可达到0.97以上;短网设计优化系统使三相阻抗不平衡度控制在3%以内;智能电极调节技术穿井期和熔清期电流波动率分别小于33%和14%;二噁英治理技术电弧炉烟气二噁英排放浓度能控制到0.1 ng/m3以内;高效余热回收系统吨钢蒸汽回收量达到160 kg以上。自主设计了出钢口自动填砂、炉门自动清理和自动测温取样机器人等智能辅助装备,提升了企业本质安全水平。工程实践证明,采用中冶赛迪绿色电炉技术,电弧炉冶炼周期为30 min,顿钢水电耗为300 kW·h,可助力钢铁工业的绿色化发展。同时,对未来电弧炉炼钢技术的发展进行了展望,将低品位DRI消纳作为未来电炉炼钢发展的最主要工艺路线,将高品质钢生产作为电炉炼钢发展最重要的研究方向,将数智化冶炼作为电炉炼钢生产最有效的手段,为钢铁工业的低碳转型贡献出应有的力量。
Abstract
Electric Arc Furnace（EAF） steelmaking has the characteristics of short process,low energy consumption and carbon emissions,and is an important driving force for the world's steel industry to achieve sustainable development. CISDI has conducted a series of research on electric furnace process theory,core equipment,intelligent control,and other aspects. Through technical research and development and pilot experiments, multiple green and efficient electric furnace steelmaking technologies have been developed, which focus on high efficiency,low-carbon,low energy consumption,and environmental friendliness. Among them,the high-efficiency scrap steel transportation technology can achieve an average scrap steel transportation speed of over 7 m/min;step rolling scrap preheating technology,increasing the preheating temperature of scrap by 70-100 ℃;IGBT flexible DC power supply,the power factor of the electric furnace can reach 0.97 or above;short network design optimization system to control three-phase impedance imbalance within 3%;intelligent electrode adjustment technology,with current fluctuations of less than 33% and 14% during the drilling and melting periods,respectively;the dioxin treatment technology can control the concentration of dioxin emissions from arc furnace flue gas to within 0.1 ng/m3; Efficient waste heat recovery system,with a steam recovery capacity of over 160 kg per ton of steel. Intelligent auxiliary equipments have been independently designed,such as automatic sand filling at the tapping hole,automatic cleaning of the furnace door,and automatic temperature measurement and sampling robots,which improved the intrinsic safety level of the enterprise. Engineering practice has proven that using CISDI's green EAF technology,the tap to tap time is 30 minutes and the power consumption is 300 kW·h per liquid steel,which helps to promote the green development of the steel industry. At the same time,the future development of electric arc furnace steelmaking technology is discussed,with the consumption of low-grade DRI as the main process route for the future development of electric arc furnace steelmaking,the production of high-quality steel as the most important research direction for the development of electric arc furnace steelmaking,and the use of digital smelting as the most effective means of electric arc furnace steelmaking production,contributing to the low-carbon transformation of the steel industry.
关键词
电弧炉 /
废钢连续加料 /
IGBT柔性直流电源 /
电极调节 /
数智冶炼
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Key words
electric arc furnace /
continuous scrap charging /
IGBT flexible DC power supply /
electrode adjustment /
digital intelligence smelting
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脚注
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基金
重庆市自然科学基金博士直通车资助项目（CSTB2023NSCQ-BSX0024）
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