转炉提钒吹炼各阶段冶炼任务不同,且熔池成分和温度不断变化,使得冶炼不同阶段下的供氧枪位、流量等工况条件发生变化,导致吹炼不同阶段熔池的搅拌特性有所差异。建立了转炉熔池搅拌能模型,研究了不同吹炼阶段温度、供氧流量及底吹变化对熔池搅拌能的影响。发现转炉提钒过程各阶段顶吹搅拌能量密度均明显小于底吹搅拌,化学反应产生的CO气泡搅拌能仅占熔池搅拌能的0.41%~1.74%。随着冶炼的进行,顶吹搅拌能密度由165.30 W/t先降低至144.63 W/t,后逐渐升高至192.84 W/t;CO气泡产生的搅拌能密度最高为15.21 W/t;底吹氮气产生的搅拌能密度由786.92 W/t逐步升高至865.57 W/t。冶炼过程中,通过改变不同阶段顶吹枪位与底吹流量,合理增大了熔池搅拌能,并可有效降低碳损失。在此基础上,利用1∶3水模型试验研究了不同马赫数、供氧流量、枪位及底吹强度对熔池冲击特性和混匀时间的影响。随着吹炼的进行,马赫数为1.97时熔池冲击深度为61~90 mm,占熔池深度的19.93%~29.41%,冲击直径变化为37.41%~42.54%,混匀时间最长为54 s,最短为39 s,优化了转炉提钒工艺制度。此外,当底吹强度大于0.09 m3/（min·t）后,熔池混匀时间显著降低,底吹供气强度达到0.12 m3/（min·t）时,熔池搅拌强度增幅降低,当底吹流量增加至0.15 m3/（min·t）时,熔池混匀时间达到最小值27 s。为了减少熔池混匀时间,可适当增大底吹强度,提高提钒效率。通过调整提钒吹炼不同阶段枪位与供气强度,合理控制熔池的搅拌特性,有利于实现转炉提钒保碳。
Abstract
The smelting tasks at blowing stage in converter vanadium extraction process are different,and the composition and temperature of the molten pool are constantly changing,which makes the working conditions such as oxygen supply lance position and flow rate change at different stages of smelting,resulting in different stirring characteristics of the molten pool at different stages of blowing. The stirring energy model of converter molten pool was established,and the effects of temperature,oxygen supply flow and bottom blowing on the stirring energy of molten pool in different blowing stages were studied. It is found that the energy density of top blowing stirring in each stage of converter vanadium extraction process is significantly smaller than that of bottom blowing stirring,and the CO bubble stirring energy generated by chemical reaction only accounts for 0.41%-1.74%. With the smelting process,the top blowing stirring energy density decreases from 165.30 W/t to 144.63 W/t,and then gradually increases to 192.84 W/t. The stirring energy density produces by CO bubbles is up to 15.21 W/t. The stirring energy density produced by bottom blowing nitrogen gradually increases from 786.92 W/t to 865.57 W/t. In the smelting process,the stirring energy of the molten pool is reasonably increased by changing the top blowing lance position and bottom blowing flow rate at different stages,and the carbon loss can be effectively reduced. On this basis,the effects of different Mach number,oxygen flow rate,lance position and bottom blowing intensity on the impact characteristics and mixing time of molten pool were studied by 1∶3 water model experiment. With the progress of blowing,the impact depth of the molten pool is 61-90 mm under the condition of Mach number of 1.97,and the impact range of the molten pool is 19.93%-29.41%. The change degree of impact diameter is 37.41%-42.54%. The longest mixing time is 54 s and the shortest is 39 s. The process system of vanadium extraction from converter is optimized. In addition,when the bottom blowing intensity is greater than 0.09 m3/（min·t）,the mixing time of the molten pool is significantly reduced. When the bottom blowing intensity reaches 0.12 m3/（min·t）,the stirring intensity of the molten pool decreases. When the bottom blowing flow rate increases to 0.15 m3/（min·t）,the mixing time of the molten pool reaches a minimum of 27 s. In order to reduce the mixing time of the molten pool,the bottom blowing intensity can be appropriately increased to improve the efficiency of vanadium extraction. It is beneficial to achieve vanadium extraction and carbon conservation in the converter by adjusting the lance position and gas supply intensity at different stages of vanadium extraction and blowing,and reasonably controlling the stirring characteristics of the molten pool.
关键词
转炉提钒 /
顶底复吹 /
熔池搅拌 /
搅拌特性 /
冲击特性 /
搅拌能密度 /
物理模拟 /
混匀时间
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Key words
vanadium extraction in converter /
top and bottom combined blown /
molten bath stirring /
stirring characteristics /
impact characteristics /
stirring energy density /
physical simulation /
mixing time
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脚注
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基金
国家自然科学基金面上基金资助项目(52374346); 陕西省创新能力支撑计划资助项目(2023-CX-TD-53); 陕西省重点研发计划资助项目(2024QY2-GJHX-34)
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