The smelting process of GCr15 bearing steel has a significant effect on the fatigue properties. Distribution of oxygen，nitrogen，sulfur and nonmetallic inclusions in steel as well as influence rule of fatigue performance were made on smelting process of LF＋VD，electroslag remelting （ESR） and induction melting/consumable in vacuum （VIM＋VAR） to produce GCr15 Bearing steel. The results show that oxygen and nitrogen mass percent of VIM＋VAR smelting process is respectively 0.000 5% and 0.001 6%，The total number of inclusions is only 1.54 per mm2；Oxygen and nitrogen mass percent of ESR smelting process is respectively 0.001 8% and 0.011 0%. The total number of inclusions is 17.78 per mm2. Inclusion is no larger than the 13 μm；Sulfur mass percent of LF＋VD smelting process is 0.002 6%. The mass ratio of sulfur to oxygen in the steel is 3.7.The total number of inclusions is 20.73 per mm2. The ratio of CaS and complex inclusion of CaS and oxide in steel is higher. Rotational bending fatigue test results show that the safety fatigue limits of LF＋VD，ESR and VIM＋VAR are respectively 980，1 164 and 1 158 MPa. The type of inclusions that cause fatigue damage is related to the preparation process. Inclusion type of LF＋VD are CaS，CaS（Oxide） and CaO·Al2O3. Inclusion type of ESR are Al2O3 and CaO·Al2O3. Inclusion type of VIM＋VAR are TiN，MgO·Al2O3 and CaS（Oxide）. According to the real stress factors and fatigue life，the degree of damage to the inclusions in steel from large to small are TiN，CaO·Al2O3，MgO·Al2O3，Al2O3，CaS（Oxide） and CaS. The difference of the type and size of the fatigue source leads to the difference in the safety fatigue limit of the GCr15 bearing steel.