2025年, 第32卷, 第1期　刊出日期：2025-01-25

  

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REVIEW
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  Understanding and probing progression of localized corrosion on inner walls of steel pipelines: an overview

  Ming-yu Wang, Hai-yuan Yao, Yong-fei Liu, Ye-sen Zhu, Wan-bin Chen, Yun-ze Xu, Yi Huang

  钢铁研究学报（英文版）. 2025, 32(1): 1-18.
  https://doi.org/10.1007/s42243-024-01213-6

  摘要 ( ) PDF全文 ( )   可视化   收藏

  Corrosion poses a major threat to the safety of transportation pipelines. Therefore, it is crucial to have an in-depth understanding of corrosion mechanisms in pipeline steels for the effective management of pipeline integrity. Conducting research on corrosion mechanisms relies on the use of efficient and reliable corrosion monitoring and analysis techniques. The advancements in corrosion monitoring techniques specifically designed for the localized corrosion monitoring were aimed to be introduced, and a comprehensive overview of recent progress in understanding the localized corrosion mechanisms in pipeline steels was provided. Based on the different corrosive environments encountered, the localized corrosion issues inside pipelines are classified into two categories: localized corrosion primarily influenced by electrochemical processes and localized corrosion controlled by both electrochemical and mechanical factors. Additionally, a thorough analysis of the synergistic effects between micro-cell and macro-cell currents, as well as the interplay of mechanics and electrochemistry is presented. Finally, recommendations for future research on the mechanisms of internal localized corrosion in pipelines are provided.
SHORT COMMUNICATION
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  Gradient age-precipitation behavior induced by gradient nano-grain in Mg-Gd-Ag-Zr alloy

  Bang-jun Li, Jia-peng Sun, Jing Han, Guo-song Wu

  钢铁研究学报（英文版）. 2025, 32(1): 19-24.
  https://doi.org/10.1007/s42243-024-01370-8

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  Gradient nano-grained structure is frequently engineered into metallic materials, including Mg alloys, to achieve superior combination of strength and ductility. Nevertheless, the influence of this microstructural feature on aging precipitation behavior remains inadequately understood. In this study, the age-precipitation behavior of a gradient nano-grained Mg- Gd-Ag-Zr alloy prepared via ultrasonic severe surface rolling was investigated. The result indicates that the aging precipitation behavior exhibits a depth-dependent variation within this alloy. In the nano-grained surface layer, hierarchical β nano-precipitates are predominant, while at greater depths, the precipitates consist of β nanoparticles located at grain boundaries, along with intragranular $\beta^{\prime}$ and $\gamma^{\prime \prime}$ nano-plates. The formation of β nano-precipitates deviates from the conventional precipitation behavior observed in Mg-Gd-Ag alloys, and is attributed to the high density of defects induced by the surface nano-grained structure. This finding advances our understanding of the precipitation behavior in the alloys with heterogeneous microstructure.
ORIGINAL PAPERS
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  Use of forestry waste as an alternative raw material for generating metallurgical coke

  Lin-bo Qin, Wei Qin, An-yi Wang, Ling Shi, Jun Han

  钢铁研究学报（英文版）. 2025, 32(1): 25-39.
  https://doi.org/10.1007/s42243-024-01360-w

  摘要 ( ) PDF全文 ( )   可视化   收藏

  Forestry waste (FW) is a significant renewable energy source in China. The substitution of coal blends (BC) with forestry waste to produce metallurgical coke was investigated aiming at expanding alternative resources and reducing CO₂ emissions in ironmaking process. The BC with different ratios of FW were carbonized in a fixed bed reactor, and the physicochemical structure of the coke derived from FW/BC co-carbonization was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, solid-state ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance, optical microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The results reveal that the suitable incorporation of FW in BC is 10 wt.%, and the index of coke quality exhibits a good correlation with the optical anisotropy index and the aromaticity of the as-obtained cokes. The partial substitution of BC with FW exhibits potential benefits for colloid formation, owing to the higher hydrogen in FW. However, as the substitution ratio of BC with FW increases, it inhibits coke agglomeration due to more tortuous stacked structures formation during volatile releasing process. Moreover, it was identified that the substitution of higher BC ratios with FW results in the partial replacement of aromatic carbons by oxygenlinked carbons and aliphatic carbons. This substitution leads to a reduction in the aromaticity of the as-obtained coke.
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  Super-high bed sintering for iron ores: variation and optimization of bed resistance

  Liang-ping Xu, Lin Xiong, Hui-bo Liu, Xi-duan Yang, Ai-xiang Mao, Pei-dun Chen, Guang-hui Li

  钢铁研究学报（英文版）. 2025, 32(1): 40-51.
  https://doi.org/10.1007/s42243-024-01345-9

  摘要 ( ) PDF全文 ( )   可视化   收藏

  As the bed depth increases, sintering yield increases, but the productivity decreases. To reveal the reasons for the decrease in productivity and explore targeted solutions, the bed resistance of mixtures, wet zone, and combustion zone was analyzed in the laboratory. The results showed that the decreased porosity of mixture resulted in the increased bed resistance by 160.56% when the bed depth increased from 600 to 1000 mm. After improving porosity of 1% by adding loosening bars with optimized size and distribution, the bed resistance decreased, and the productivity increased by 5%. The increase in bed depth increased the thickness of the wet zone from 120 to 680 mm and the resistance from 1.56 to 8.83 kPa. By using a three-stage intensive mixer and pre-adding water for granulation, the moisture of mixture was reduced by 0.6%, and the sintering productivity increased by 4%. Besides, the high bed resistance is mainly caused by the increase in the thickness of the combustion zone from 31.9 to 132.7 mm, and the bed resistance increased from 0.70 to 5.62 kPa. The bed resistance of the combustion zone at 900 mm was increased by 90.51% compared to 700 mm. After optimization of the distribution of coke breeze, the thickness of combustion zone at the lower layer decreased from 132.7 to 106.84 mm and permeability improved significantly.
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  Development and application of an intelligent thermal state monitoring system for sintering machine tails based on CNN-LSTM hybrid neural networks

  Da-lin Xiong, Xin-yu Zhang, Zheng-wei Yu, Xue-feng Zhang, Hong-ming Long, Liang-jun Chen

  钢铁研究学报（英文版）. 2025, 32(1): 52-63.
  https://doi.org/10.1007/s42243-024-01331-1

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  Real-time prediction and precise control of sinter quality are pivotal for energy saving, cost reduction, quality improvement and efficiency enhancement in the ironmaking process. To advance, the accuracy and comprehensiveness of sinter quality prediction, an intelligent flare monitoring system for sintering machine tails that combines hybrid neural networks integrating convolutional neural network with long short-term memory(CNN-LSTM) networks was proposed. The system utilized a high-temperature thermal imager for image acquisition at the sintering machine tail and employed a zone-triggered method to accurately capture dynamic feature images under challenging conditions of high-temperature, high dust, and occlusion. The feature images were then segmented through a triple-iteration multi-thresholding approach based on the maximum between- class variance method to minimize detail loss during the segmentation process. Leveraging the advantages of CNN and LSTM networks in capturing temporal and spatial information, a comprehensive model for sinter quality prediction was constructed, with inputs including the proportion of combustion layer, porosity rate, temperature distribution, and image features obtained from the convolutional neural network, and outputs comprising quality indicators such as underburning index, uniformity index, and FeO content of the sinter. The accuracy is notably increased, achieving a 95.8% hit rate within an error margin of ±1.0. After the systemis applied, the average qualified rate of FeO content increases from 87.24% to 89.99%, representing an improvement of 2.75%. The average monthly solid fuel consumption is reduced from 49.75 to 46.44 kg/t, leading to a 6.65% reduction and underscoring significant energy saving and cost reduction effects.
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  Isothermal reduction kinetics and reduction prediction for iron ore pellets

  Fei Meng, Hao Liu, Yue-lin Qin, Huang-jie Hua, Yin Deng, Ze-zheng Sun, Long-hai Liu

  钢铁研究学报（英文版）. 2025, 32(1): 64-72.
  https://doi.org/10.1007/s42243-024-01294-3

  摘要 ( ) PDF全文 ( )   可视化   收藏

  Iron ore pellets, as one of the main charges of blast furnaces, have a greater impact on the CO₂ emission reduction and stable operation of blast furnaces. The isothermal reduction behavior of the pellets obtained from a Chinese steel plant was studied in the gas mixtures of CO and N₂ . The results showed the reduction process is divided into two stages. The reduction in the initial stage (time t ≤ 40 min) is cooperatively controlled by internal diffusion and interface chemical reactions with the activation energy of 30.19 and 16.67 kJ/mol, respectively. The controlling step of the reduction in the final stage (t>40 min) is internal diffusion with the activation energy of 34.60 kJ/mol. The reduction process can be described by two equations obtained from kinetic calculations. The reduction degree can be predicted under different temperatures and time, and the predicted results showed an excellent correlation with the experimental results. The reduction mechanisms were confirmed by the analysis of the scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive spectrometer and optical microscope.
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  Mechanism analysis of effect of MgO on reduction swelling behaviour of iron pellets in CO/H₂ atmosphere based on first-principles calculations

  Hong-ming Long, Jing-shu An, Xing-wang Li, Ting Wu, Sheng-ping He, Jie Lei

  钢铁研究学报（英文版）. 2025, 32(1): 73-84.
  https://doi.org/10.1007/s42243-024-01364-6

  摘要 ( ) PDF全文 ( )   可视化   收藏

  To explain the influence mechanism of MgO on the consolidation and reduction characteristics of roasted iron pellets, the properties and structure of pellets were investigated from multi-dimensions. It indicated that the MgO addition decreased the reduction swelling index (RSI) and reduction degree of pellets in both CO and H₂ atmospheres. During the stepwise reduction process of Fe₂O₃→Fe₃O₄→FeO, the reduction behaviour of pellets in CO and H₂ was similar, while the reduction rate of pellets in H₂ atmosphere was almost twice as high as that in CO atmosphere. During the stepwise reduction process of FeO→Fe, the RSI of pellets showed a logarithmic increase in CO atmosphere and a linear decrease in H₂ atmosphere. As investigated by first-principles calculations, C and Fe mainly formed chemical bonds, and the CO reduction process released energy, promoting the formation of iron whiskers. However, H and Fe produced weak physical adsorption, and the H₂ reduction process was endothermic, inhibiting the generation of iron whiskers. With Mg²⁺ doping in Fe_xO, the nucleation region of iron whiskers expanded in CO reduction process, and the morphology of iron whiskers transformed from “slender” to “stocky, ” reducing RSI of the pellets.
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  Optimizing cooling approach of spiral coil for an electromagnetic steel teeming system of ladle in continuous casting production

  Ming He, Qing-wei Wang, Li-jia Zhao, Wang-zhong Mu, Xing-an Liu, Qiang Wang

  钢铁研究学报（英文版）. 2025, 32(1): 85-94.
  https://doi.org/10.1007/s42243-024-01260-z

  摘要 ( ) PDF全文 ( )   可视化   收藏

  To address the current issues with the conventional slide gate system utilized in the steel teeming process, a unique electromagnetic induction controlled automated steel teeming (EICAST) technology has been developed. Cooling means of spiral coil in this technology is directly related to its service life. Firstly, heat transfer processes of air cooling and spray cooling were compared and analyzed. Secondly, the impacts of water temperature, water flow rate and air flow rate were examined in order to maximize the spray cooling effect. To maintain coil temperature at a low value consistently throughout the entire thermal cycle process of the ladle, a combined cooling mode was finally employed. Numerical simulation was applied to examine the coil temperature variation with different cooling systems and characteristics. Before coil operation, spray cooling is said to be more effective. By controlling the water flow rate and air flow rate, the spray cooling effect is enhanced. However, water temperature has little or no impact when using spray cooling. Air cooling during the secondary refining process and spray cooling prior to coil operation are combined to further lower coil temperature. When the direction of the spray cooling is from bottom to top, the coil temperature is lowered below 165℃. A practical induction coil cooling plan was provided for the EICAST technology's production process.
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  Phase equilibria of Fe₃O₄ -Cr₂O₃ -CaO system: experimental measurements and thermodynamic calculations

  Ao Zhu, Chen-ying Shi, Pei-yuan Ni, Teng-fei Deng

  钢铁研究学报（英文版）. 2025, 32(1): 95-104.
  https://doi.org/10.1007/s42243-024-01225-2

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  Understanding the phase equilibria of the Fe₃O₄ -Cr₂O₃ -CaO system is essential for the efficient recycling of stainless steel pickling sludge. The isothermal section of this system at 1473 K under oxygen partial pressure of 0.15 Pa was investigated. Key experiments on the relevant binary systems were conducted using a combination of equilibrium-quenching techniques, X-ray diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscope, and electron probe microanalysis. These systems were rigorously assessed using the CALPHAD (CALculation of Phase Diagram) method, incorporating the present experimental data. The liquid phase was modeled using the ionic two-sublattice model, represented as (Ca²⁺ , Cr³⁺ , Fe²⁺)_P(O^2-, Va, FeO_1.5)_Q , where Va represents vacancy, and P and Q denote the number of sites on the cation and anion sublattices, respectively. To ensure electroneutrality, the values of P and Q adjust according to the composition of the mixture. From this, the isothermal section of the Fe₃O₄ -Cr₂O₃ -CaO system at 1473 K under the specified oxygen partial pressure was obtained based on the thermodynamic parameters of the binary systems. The present experimental data and calculation results hold significant implications for the comprehensive recycling of stainless steel pickling sludge.
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  Fabrication of Ni-Zn spinel ferrite with superior magnetic performance from electric arc furnace dust and iron scale

  Yang Li, Wei-zhe Jie, Chang Chen, Yi Su, Wu Zhou, Hua Zhang, Hong-wei Ni

  钢铁研究学报（英文版）. 2025, 32(1): 105-114.
  https://doi.org/10.1007/s42243-024-01270-x

  摘要 ( ) PDF全文 ( )   可视化   收藏

  The Ni-ZnFe₂O₄ (Ni_xZn_1-xFe₂O₄, x= 0.4-0.7) spinel was synthesized using Zn²⁺ extracted from electric arc furnace dust (EAFD), nickel chloride hexahydrate, and Fe³⁺ extracted from iron scale as raw materials. The zinc was selectively extracted from EAFD using CaO roasting followed by NH₄Cl solution leaching. The ferric ion was leached from iron scale using HCl solution as acid lixiviant. The experimental results demonstrate a high level of efficiency in the extraction of zinc, with a rate of 97.5%, and the leaching rate of ferric ion is 96.89%. The composition of the leaching solution is primary zinc and iron with low calcium, which is beneficial to the preparation of spinel ferrite. The influence of Ni content (x) and calcination temperature on the synthesis and magnetic properties of Ni_xZn_1-xFe₂O₄ compounds was investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometry. The results revealed that both Ni content and calcination temperature significantly affect the synthesis and magnetic properties of spinel Ni_xZn_1-xFe₂O₄. Under the conditions of Ni content set at x= 0.6, calcination temperature of 1100℃, and a duration of 2 h, a spinel Ni_xZn_1-xFe₂O₄ with high saturation magnetization (M_s=65.7 A m² kg ^-1 ) and low coercivity (H_c = 0.056 A m ^-1 ) was obtained.
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  Effect of h-BN rods on high-temperature properties of alumina-carbon refractory

  Ya-ge Li, Shuai-bing Wu, Feng Liang, Zhong Huang, Tu Long, Long Dong, Jun-yi Lv, Hong-juan Duan, Biao Wen, Yong Liu, Hai-jun Zhang

  钢铁研究学报（英文版）. 2025, 32(1): 115-128.
  https://doi.org/10.1007/s42243-024-01284-5

  摘要 ( ) PDF全文 ( )   可视化   收藏

  h-BN rods modified low-carbon alumina-carbon (Al₂O₃-C) refractories were prepared, and the effect of h-BN rod addition on the high-temperature properties was investigated and compared with commercial h-BN flake, carbon black, and carbon nanotubes additives. The results demonstrated that Al₂O₃-C refractories containing h-BN rods exhibited optimal high- temperature service performances, including 25% higher hot modulus of rupture, 21.3% higher thermal shock strength residual ratio, 20.9% lower in oxidation and 44.3% less in slag corrosion, compared to the counterpart specimens without additives. Moreover, benefiting from the synergistic enhancement of the rod-like h-BN and in-situ generated SiC whiskers, the high-temperature service performances of h-BN rods containing specimens outperformed counterpart specimens containing commercial h-BN flake, carbon black, and carbon nanotubes, respectively.
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  Interfacial behaviors between ZG13Cr9Mo1VNbN stainless steel and chromite sand

  Shi-sen Li, Xi-min Zang, Ji-lin Chen, Jie Yang, Yu-an Jing, Zhi-ying Wang, Ling-zhong Kong

  钢铁研究学报（英文版）. 2025, 32(1): 129-143.
  https://doi.org/10.1007/s42243-024-01218-1

  摘要 ( ) PDF全文 ( )   可视化   收藏

  To elucidate the formation mechanisms of burn-on sand and metal penetration during sand casting, some laboratory experiments were carried out at different temperatures (1813, 1833, 1853, and 1873 K) and holding time (20, 40, 60, and 90 min) to simulate the interaction between ZG13Cr9Mo1VNbN stainless steel and chromite sand. The results demonstrate that the defects primarily consist of a mixture of the liquid phase, chromite, and metal. The main components of the liquid phase are SiO₂, MnO, MgO, Cr₂O₃, FeO, and Al₂O₃, and the formation of Cr₂O₃ through interfacial redox reactions has been discovered. The presence of a liquid phase plays a pivotal role in influencing burn-on sand and metal penetration. Interface reactions are prioritized, with burn-on sand maintaining a predominant influence. As the liquid phase quantity within the sand escalates, there is a corresponding incremental rise in the incidence of metal penetration. Even aminimal presence of the silicon element in steel can impact the liquid phase's formation. Moreover, the decomposition or dissolution of chromite sand is a significant factor in the development of burn-on sand and metal penetration. Thus, a thorough investigation into the conditions and contributing factors of this phenomenon is essential for its effective management and mitigation.
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  Controlling segregation and hardenability of gear steel based on ascast structure

  Hai-jie Wang, Ze Zhang, Peng Lan, Gang Chen, Pu Wang, Chuan-hui Jiang, Jia-quan Zhang

  钢铁研究学报（英文版）. 2025, 32(1): 144-158.
  https://doi.org/10.1007/s42243-024-01416-x

  摘要 ( ) PDF全文 ( )   可视化   收藏

  Hardenability significantly impacts the distortion of gear during heat treatment, correlated to the uniformity of solute distribution in steel matrix. The experimental analysis was conducted on the macrostructure, solute distribution, dendrite structure, and rod hardenability of 20CrMnTiH gear steel in continuously cast blooms and hot roller rods. The evaluation approach by the standards for the hardenability of gear steel rods and the corresponding blooms was analyzed, and the inheritance mechanism from solidification segregation to hardenability fluctuation of gear steel was revealed. The results indicate that semi-macroscopic spot segregation located in the equiaxed zone exhibits larger size, higher solute enrichment, and worse solute homogeneity, leading to significant solute fluctuations in the blooms and hardenability fluctuation in the rods. By increasing the liquid steel superheat from 35 to 40℃, reducing the mold electromagnetic stirring from 300 to 100 A, and implementing the soft reduction (SR) of 7 mm at the solidification end, the equiaxed ratio of the strand decreased from 26.42% to 6.69%. Consequently, the solute fluctuation range and standard deviation decrease significantly in the transverse section, while the maximum segregation ratio, average fluctuation range, and average standard deviation of solutes C, Cr, and Mn in the spot segregation decrease at the same time. At the meanwhile, the equiaxed ratio of the rod decreased from 24.89% to 4.09%, and the structure of the hardenability detection zone was transformed from equiaxed crystals to columnar crystals. Furthermore, the solute fluctuation range and standard deviation in the transverse section decreased, while the homogeneity in spot segregation was also improved. The hardness difference of A and B surfaces at J9 and J15 positions was smaller than 2 HRC, meeting the qualification standard for hardenability.
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  Subsection cooling system of hot rolling silicon steel and its industrial application

  Qiu-na Wang, Ji-quan Sun, Li-po Yang, Hai-shen Wang, Li-jie Dong, Jie-ming Li, Zhen-yang Zhi, Yan-wen Bi

  钢铁研究学报（英文版）. 2025, 32(1): 159-170.
  https://doi.org/10.1007/s42243-024-01231-4

  摘要 ( ) PDF全文 ( )   可视化   收藏

  An online subsection cooling method for hot rolling silicon steel was designed to achieve local adjustment of transverse roll gap. Particularly, it was able to meet the requirements of edge drop of the strip by using the features of online thermal crown. First, after the new subsection spray beam was installed at the exit of mill, the special local cooling rules were analyzed for altering the thermal crown of roll according to rolling process parameters. Meanwhile, the dynamic impact of subsection cooling on the local thermal crown could just be obtained according to the measured data. Obviously, the heat transfer coefficient was determined by different subsection cooling curves under varied rolling conditions. Secondly, the rolling rhythm and variable conditions were important dynamic factors of transient roll temperature in practical rolling process. Therefore, real-time calculation and presetting of the thermal crown were carried out to maximize special requirements of load roll gap on local strip crown. By this new method, the transient temperature and the thermal crown of roll could be quantitatively controlled online. And the practical results showed that the predicted temperature was able to match the measured value by more than 95%. Meanwhile, the adjustable range of thermal crown increased by more than 2.5 times. Finally, the qualification rate of strip edge crown has increased from the original 30% to over 70%.
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  Comparisons of {100} texture improvement and formability in hotrolled non-oriented electrical steel by austenite-ferrite phase transformation and shear deformation

  Chi-hao Yu, Hong-jiang Pan, Yan-ping Zhao, De-ting Tang, Hai-jun Wang

  钢铁研究学报（英文版）. 2025, 32(1): 171-185.
  https://doi.org/10.1007/s42243-024-01277-4

  摘要 ( ) PDF全文 ( )   可视化   收藏

  Over the years, the high magnetic induction of industrial Mn-added electrical steel is assumed to be the enhancement of {100} texture derived from its austenite-ferrite phase transformation during hot rolling (phase transformation (PT) method). However, it is still undetermined without straightforward experimental evidence. The reason for {100} texture improvement of Mn-added electrical steel is experimentally confirmed due to the recrystallization induced by the austenite-ferrite phase transformation during hot rolling. Moreover, a more promising methodology to further improve {100} texture and formability of hot-rolled electrical steel is promoted by the control of hot rolling deformation condition (shear deformation (SD) method). The results show that the nucleation mechanisms of {100} oriented recrystallized grains are different in the samples by SD and PT methods, which are in-depth shear deformation and austenite-ferrite phase transformation, respectively. In this case, coarse {100} oriented recrystallized grains and low residual stress are obtained in the sample by SD method, which is responsible for its superior {100} texture and formability. In contrast, the sample by PT method forms fine recrystallized grains with random orientations and accumulates severe residual stress.
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  Effect of two-pass rolling of textured roll and polished roll on surface topography and mechanical properties of 316L stainless steel ultrathin strip

  Zeng-qiang Zhang, Xi Liao, Zhong-kai Ren, Zhen-hua Wang, Ya-xing Liu, Tao Wang, Qing-xue Huang

  钢铁研究学报（英文版）. 2025, 32(1): 186-197.
  https://doi.org/10.1007/s42243-024-01219-0

  摘要 ( ) PDF全文 ( )   可视化   收藏

  The textured roll and polished roll were applied instead of the ground roll in a 20-high mill to conduct two-pass rolling of 316L stainless steel strip with thickness of 0.027 mm. After the two-pass rolling with the textured roll and polished roll (TPR), the surface roughness of the strip is dramatically reduced, and the surface topographical anisotropy index is diminished to 30.9% of the initial strip. Comparing with the strip rolled using the ground roll in both passes (GGR), the elongation of TPR rolled strip is obviously improved, and the mechanical property anisotropy is greatly weakened. The anisotropy index of tensile strength and elongation are 42.58% and 52.59% of that of GGR rolled strip, which is mainly attributed to the significant decrease of the texture intensity of the strip by TPR process. The results indicate that TPR process can obtain the stainless steel ultra-thin strip with smooth and uniform surface topography and good mechanical properties.
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  Effect of rolling schedules on ridging resistance of ultra-thin ferritic stainless steel foil

  Jing-wei Zhao, Qing-zhong Xie, Li-nan Ma, Cun-long Zhou, Zheng-yi Jiang, Xi Liao, Xiao-guang Ma

  钢铁研究学报（英文版）. 2025, 32(1): 198-214.
  https://doi.org/10.1007/s42243-024-01258-7

  摘要 ( ) PDF全文 ( )   可视化   收藏

  The effect of rolling schedules on the ridging resistance of ultra-thin ferritic stainless steel (FSS) 430 foil was evaluated by studying the microstructure and texture. The results show that specimens processed with three-pass cold rolling under the reductions of 40%, 40% and 31%, respectively, exhibit improved ridging resistance owing to the microstructural refinement and the texture structure optimization. A nearly 40% reduction of ridging height can be achieved using the proposed rolling schedule compared to the other two rolling schedules. In addition, the effect of annealing temperature after cold rolling on the ridging resistance of FSS 430 foil is also found to be crucial, and an optimal annealing temperature of 900℃ is obtained for FSS 430 foil with high ridging resistance. Overall, the improvement in the ridging resistance of FSS 430 foil can be attributed to the reduction in the fraction of {001}<110> and {114}<110> components by optimization of the rolling and annealing processes.
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  Accelerating homogenization kinetics and enhancing hot-workability of as-cast nickel-based superalloy via prior hot-deformation

  Jia-jun Chen, Yang Zhou, Hao-ran Han, Xian-guang Zhang, Goro Miyamoto, Ping-mei Tang, Dong-ping Xiao, Jian-hui Fu, Peng Shi, Yi-wu Pei, Jian Zhang

  钢铁研究学报（英文版）. 2025, 32(1): 215-226.
  https://doi.org/10.1007/s42243-024-01408-x

  摘要 ( ) PDF全文 ( )   可视化   收藏

  Enhancing homogenization efficiency and hot-workability is the key issue for wrought superalloys in the industry. A novel approach for simultaneous accelerating the homogenization kinetics and improving hot-workability via a simple way of prior hot-deformation was proposed, which was not widely accepted for wrought superalloys. The homogenization efficiency is increased by 40%-70% via performing 10%-20% prior hot-deformation. Both theoretical and experimental analyses revealed that the increment in homogenization efficiency is mainly attributed to the decrease in interdendriticsegregation spacing, and thus the necessary diffusion distance, rather than that of dislocations. In addition, dynamic and static recrystallizations occurred during the prior hot-deformation and diffusion-annealing processes, and the grains were significantly refined even after the homogenization. Furthermore, the size of the precipitates was refined as well. These enhanced the hot-workability of the homogenized ingot for the subsequent cogging process.
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  Effect of graphene addition on activation and kinetic properties of La-Mg-Ni-based hydrogen storage alloys

  Dian-chen Feng, Chun-ling Zheng, Zhi-yuan Zhao, Dong-sheng Zhou, Hui-ping Ren, Yang-huan Zhang

  钢铁研究学报（英文版）. 2025, 32(1): 227-238.
  https://doi.org/10.1007/s42243-024-01262-x

  摘要 ( ) PDF全文 ( )   可视化   收藏

  The La_1.7Pr_0.3Mg₁₆Ni hydrogen storage alloy was prepared by medium-frequency induction melting, and then the composite hydrogen storage alloy powder of La_1.7Pr_0.3Mg₁₆Ni + x wt.% (x = 0, 2, 4, and 6) graphene was prepared by ball milling for 10 h. The effect of the addition of graphene on the activation and hydrogen de/absorption properties of La_1.7Pr_0.3Mg₁₆Ni alloy was studied. The result demonstrated that these composite alloys were composed of La₂Mg₁₇, La₂Ni₃, and Mg₂Ni phases. After saturated hydrogen absorption, it was composed of LaH₃, Mg₂NiH₄, and MgH₂ phases, while during the dehydrogenation process, it was composed of LaH₃, Mg, and Mg₂Ni phases. The addition of graphene can help get a more homogeneous granule after ball milling and accelerate the first activation of dehydrogenation/hydrogen absorption. The hydrogen release activation energy of the alloys first decreases and then increases as the graphene content increases from x = 0 wt.% to x = 6 wt.%. The minimum activation energy of the composite hydrogen storage alloy is 51.22 kJ mol^-1 when x = 4 wt.%.
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  Influence of heat treatment on microstructure of a new β-solidifying γ-TiAl alloy

  Li Quan, Xiao-bing Li, Peng Xue, Jun-jie Hao, Kun Qian, Bo Chen, Jian-zhong Li, Kui Liu

  钢铁研究学报（英文版）. 2025, 32(1): 239-248.
  https://doi.org/10.1007/s42243-024-01202-9

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  The high strength and stability of the full-lamellar structure guarantee the industrial application of the β-solidifying γ-TiAl alloys. However, it is a huge challenge to design an alloy with good hot-deformability as well as the full-lamellar structure. The low-cost Ti-42.5Al-2Mn-0.4Mo-0.1B-0.1C (at.%) alloy was designed, which undergoes both β and α single-phase region during the solidification. It is found that the full-lamellar structure can be obtained by the solution heat treatment at 1230℃ for 20 min and then aging treatment at 800℃ for 3 h. Interestingly, a new microstructure, namely, the pearliticlike microstructure (PM) induced by the α₂/γ→β_o+γ cellular reaction was observed when the aging temperature is increased to above 800℃. The volume fraction of the PM is gradually increased from 0% to 25.5%, 65%, and 94% according to elevated aging temperature from 800 to 900, 1000, and 1050℃, respectively. The mechanism of the reduced α₂/γ lamellae and PM formation was discussed regarding the heterogeneous distribution of β stabilizing elements and the interface energy stored in α₂/γ lamellae.
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  Impacts of near-Ms austempering treatment on microstructure evolution and bainitic transformation kinetics of a medium Mn steel

  Yong-gang Yang, Xin-yue Liu, Rui-zhi Li, Yu-lai Chen, Hong-xiang Wu, Guo-min Sun, Zhen-li Mi

  钢铁研究学报（英文版）. 2025, 32(1): 249-259.
  https://doi.org/10.1007/s42243-024-01285-4

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  The microstructure evolution and bainitic transformation of an Fe-0.19C-4.03Mn-1.48Si steel subjected to near-M_s austempering treatment were systematically investigated by combining dilatometer, X-ray diffraction, and electron microscopy. Three additional austempering treatments with isothermal temperatures above M_s were used as benchmarks. Results show that the incubation period for the bainitic transformation occurs when the medium Mn steel is treated with the austempering temperature above M_s. However, when subjected to near-M_s isothermal treatment, the medium Mn steel does not show an incubation period and has the fastest bainitic transformation rate. Moreover, the largest volume fraction of bainite with a value of 74.7% is obtained on the condition of near-M_s austempering treatment after cooling to room temperature. Dilatometer and microstructure evolution analysis indicates that the elimination of the incubation period and the fastest rate of bainitic transformation are related to the preformed martensite. The advent of preformed martensite allows the specimen to generate more bainite in a limited time. Considering bainitic ferrite nucleation at austenite grain boundaries and through autocatalysis at ferrite/austenite interfaces, a model is established to understand the kinetics of bainite formation and it can describe the nucleation rate of bainitic transformation well when compared to the experimental results.
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  Effect of initial microstructure on microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of 0.12C martensitic steels during quenching and tempering

  Ya-ru Wang, Zi-yong Hou, He Yang, Jun Zhao, Zhi-yuan Chang, Fan-mao Meng, Ling Zhang, Gui-lin Wu, Xiao-xu Huang

  钢铁研究学报（英文版）. 2025, 32(1): 260-269.
  https://doi.org/10.1007/s42243-024-01226-1

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  The microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of a Fe-0.12C-0.2Si-1.6Mn-0.3Cr-0.0025B (wt.%) steel with different initial microstructures, i.e., hot rolled (HR) and cold rolled-annealed (CRA), were studied through optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, electron channeling contrast imaging, microhardness and room temperature uniaxial tensile tests. After water quenching from 930℃ to room temperature, a fully martensitic microstructure was obtained in both as-quenched HR and CRA specimens, which shows a microhardness of 480 ± 5 HV, and no significant difference in microstructure and microhardness was observed. Tensile test results show that the product of tensile strength and total elongation (UTS × TE) of the as-quenched HR specimen, i.e., 24.1 GPa%, is higher than that of the asquenched CRA specimen, i.e., 18.9 GPa%. While, after being tempered at 300℃, the martensitic microstructures and mechanical properties of the two as-quenched specimens change significantly due to the synergy role of the matrix phase softening and the precipitation strengthening. Concerning the maximum UTS × TE, it is 18.9 GPa% obtained in the asquenched CRA one, while that is 24.4 GPa% obtained in the HR specimen after tempered at 300℃ for 5 min.
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  Microstructural evolution during tempering process and mechanical properties of Cr-Ni-Mo-V;Nb high strength steel

  Zi-wei Lv, Jing Fan, Rui Wang, Zhi-qiang Yu, Yan Kang, Yong Hu, Lei-feng Tuo, Jürgen Eckert, Zhi-jie Yan

  钢铁研究学报（英文版）. 2025, 32(1): 270-281.
  https://doi.org/10.1007/s42243-024-01234-1

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  High strength steels exhibit superior mechanical properties due to the unique microstructure, which successfully solves the drawback of the inevitable strength-toughness trade-off that occurs in traditional alloys. Here we investigated the effect of matrix and precipitates on mechanical properties of Cr-Ni-Mo-V/Nb steel after water quenching and tempering (150-500℃). The results showed that the microstructure of the present steel is noticeably tuned by changing the tempering temperature. An excellent combination of strength (a yield strength of 1308 MPa with a total elongation of 8.2%) and toughness (Charpy V-notch impact toughness of 40.5 J/cm²) is obtained upon tempering at 200℃. This is attributed to the lath martensite containing high dislocation density, the martensite-twin substructure, and the strengthening effects of the precipitated needle-like Ɛ-carbides and spherical VC particles. The acicular Ɛ-carbides are replaced by the rod-shaped Fe₃C at the tempering temperature of 350℃, resulting in the remarkable deterioration in strength, hardness, and elongation. Spheroidized carbides formed at a tempering temperature of 500℃ are beneficial to the enhancement of the elongation and toughness, but the strength decreases due to the matrix softening caused by the recovery of dislocation.
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  Correlation between grain size, mechanical properties and deformed microstructure of Fe-20Mn-6Al-0.6C-0.15Si low-density steel

  Qi Zhang, Guang-hui Chen, Zheng-liang Xue, Zheng-kun Chen, Guang Xu

  钢铁研究学报（英文版）. 2025, 32(1): 282-292.
  https://doi.org/10.1007/s42243-024-01276-5

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  The effects of austenite grain size on the deformed microstructure and mechanical properties of an Fe-20Mn-6Al-0.6C- 0.15Si (wt.%) low-density steel were investigated. The microstructure of the experimental steel after solution treatment was single austenitic phase. The austenite grain size increased with solution temperature and time. A model was established to show the relationship between temperature, time and austenite grain size for the experimental steel. In addition, as the solution temperature increased, the strength decreased, while the elongation first increased and then decreased. This decrease in elongation after solution treatment at 1100℃ for 90 min is contributed to the over-coarse austenite grains. However, after solution treatment at 900℃ for 90 min, the strength-elongation product reached the highest value of 44.4 GPa%. As the austenite grain size increased, the intensity of<111>//tensile direction fiber decreased. This was accompanied by a decrease in dislocation density, resulting in a lower fraction of low-angle grain boundaries and a lower work hardening rate. Therefore, the austenite grain size has a critical influence on the mechanical properties of the lowdensity steels. Coarser grains lead to a lower yield strength due to the Hall-Petch effect and a lower tensile strength because of lower dislocation strengthening.
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  Crevice corrosion of reinforcing steel in carbonated simulated concrete pore solutions contaminated by chloride

  Peng-peng Wu, Yuan-pei Gong, Shao-hua Zhang, Yue-zhong Zhang, Bao-sheng Liu, Guang-ling Song

  钢铁研究学报（英文版）. 2025, 32(1): 293-311.
  https://doi.org/10.1007/s42243-024-01221-6

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  The crevice corrosion of the reinforcing steel in the carbonated simulated concrete pore solutions (SCPSs) containing 0.04 mol/L chloride was investigated. In comparison, the steel without crevice covered on its surface was also studied. Results showed that the crevice corrosion in the uncarbonated SCPS was not triggered and the steel remained passivity by suppressing the anodic dissolution in the crevice interior. As SCPS was carbonated to have pH values of 10.5 and 11.5, the crevice corrosion was easier to be activated than the widely reported pitting corrosion owing to the rapid oxygen depletion within the crevice, but the crevice corrosion damage might be alleviated to a certain extent due to the relative compact surface film formed inside the crevice. The further carbonation led to the activation dissolution of both the crevice interior and exterior, causing the more serious corrosion damage. Corrosion process of the crevice corrosion was systematically analyzed by combining the electrochemical measurement results and Evens polarization diagram.