Abstract: Aluminum-lithium alloys are lightweight and high-strength structural materials with aluminum as the base and lithium as the main alloying element. With characteristics such as low density, high specific strength, high elastic modulus, and good corrosion resistance, it has significant application value in aerospace and other fields. However, theinherent defects, such as low room-temperature plasticity and poor fracture toughness, limit theengineering applications. Element doping is a key technical approach forprecisely controlling the microstructure and overcoming performance bottlenecks. Based on a brief description of basic propalloys and aluminum-lithium alloys, this paper focuses on reviewing the microscopic action mechanisms of elements such as Cu, Li, Mg, Ag, Zn, Zr, and rare earths on the mechanical and corrosion resistance properties of aluminum-lithium alloys, and systematically expounds the synergistic effects of single and compound doping. In addition, a brief outlook on how element doping affects the processing performance of alloys is also provided. It is hoped that this can provide theoretical references for the development of aluminum-lithium alloy materials with high performance.