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高锰TWIP钢的粉末冶金强韧化

Strengthening and toughening of high-manganese TWIP steel by powder metallurgy

  • 摘要: 孪生诱发塑性钢通过控制合金元素的含量,来调控材料层错能,可以产生大量的孪晶组织,从而提高材料的延展性和强度。由于其优异的力学性能,TWIP钢在汽车、航空航天、能源等领域得到了广泛应用。目前的研究主要集中在熔炼方式制造的TWIP钢上,对于粉末冶金制备的TWIP钢的研究还较为有限,且目前制备的粉末冶金TWIP钢尚未充分发挥其巨大的应用潜力。采用气雾化Fe-21Mn-0.7C合金粉末和快速热压技术相结合的方法在不同温度、时间下制备了材料。研究了烧结温度和烧结时间对材料组织演变和力学性能的影响,采用热轧热处理进一步优化综合力学性能。结果表明,温度升高,保温时间增加,小粒径范围粉末充分地熔合在一起,形成更致密的结构,晶界氧化物基本已去钉扎。在烧结温度930 ℃,烧结压力40 MPa,保温12 min时,Fe-21Mn-0.7C合金的致密度为98.86%、抗拉强度为955 MPa、伸长率为32.8%,热轧后抗拉强度可达到1 690 MPa,随后进行退火,获得了抗拉强度和伸长率分别为998 MPa和46.2%的优异综合力学性能的高强高韧钢,热处理后的试样断口韧窝的平均尺寸显著降低,分布更加均匀,沿晶脆断是Fe-21Mn-0.7C块体在拉伸断裂过程中的主要模式。

     

    Abstract: TWIP steel controls stacking-fault energy to create twinned crystal organizations, enhancing ductility and strength. Although extensive research has been conducted on TWIP steels fabricated by melting, limited attention has been given to TWIP steels prepared through powder metallurgy. Furthermore, the current powder metallurgy TWIP steel samples have not fully realized their vast application potential. The materials were prepared at different temperatures and times using a combination of gas-atomized Fe-21Mn-0.7C alloy powder and fast hot pressing technology. The effects of sintering temperature and sintering time on the tissue evolution and mechanical properties of the materials and subsequent hot rolling and heat treatment to further optimize the comprehensive mechanical properties were investigated. The results show that the temperature increases, the holding time increases, the small particle size range powders are fully fused together to form a denser structure, and the grain boundary oxides have basically been depinned. At 930 °C, 40 MPa, and 12 minutes, the alloy achieves a density of 98.86%, tensile strength of 955 MPa, and extensibility of 32.8%. After hot rolling, the tensile strength can reach 1 690 MPa. After annealing, a high-strength and high-toughness steel with excellent comprehensive mechanical properties is obtained, with the tensile strength and elongation being 998 MPa and 46.2% respectively. The annealed material exhibited excellent comprehensive mechanical properties.

     

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