Abstract: The quality control issues associated with the reuse of titanium alloy powders in the Selective Laser Melting (SLM) technology for implantable medical devices was discussed. To address this issue, the concept of powder "circulation coefficient" is introduced, and a quantitative management method for the cyclic use of powders is established. Based on this, the physical properties, chemical composition, and mechanical properties of TC4 powders with circulation coefficients of 0, 7, and 14, and their specimens, were studied respectively. The results show that as the powder circulation coefficient increases, the performance of the powder and its prepared specimens changes in a significant, linear, and predictable manner. This verifies the feasibility and effectiveness of using the powder circulation coefficient as a quality control parameter during the recycling process of TC4 powders. Furthermore, the performance of the powder and its specimens gradually decreases during the recycling process of TC4 powders, which is related to an increase in the proportion of defective particles with excessive oxygen and nitrogen content.