Abstract: To address the poor particle size characteristics of grinding products produced by steel cylpeb in the Yuanjiacun hematite grinding circuit, batch grinding experiments combined with numerical simulations were conducted to investigate the particle size distribution behavior and energy transfer characteristics during the fine grinding of hematite under binary media conditions. The optimal conditions for binary media grinding were determined. These conditions include grinding concentration of 70%, media filling rate of 35% （with 25 mm steel balls accounting for 4% of the filling rate）, and ceramic ball size ratio of ϕ30 mm∶ϕ25 mm∶ϕ20 mm = 50%∶30%∶20%（mass fraction）. Under the optimal conditions, the yield of the fraction finer than 0.045 mm was increased by 5.05 percentage points compared with that of steel cylpeb grinding, whereas the yield of the fraction finer than 0.023 mm was decreased by 3.03 percentage points. Comparative analysis of grinding kinetics indicates that the fine grinding process of hematite follows a first-order kinetic model. The specific breakage rate of the first size fraction in binary media grinding is 2.03 times that of steel cylpeb grinding. Discrete element method （DEM） simulations reveal that steel cylpeb grinding is dominated by a small number of high-energy collisions, resulting in localized impacts and uneven energy distribution. In contrast, grinding dominated by ceramic balls achieves continuous breakage through a large number of medium- and low-energy collisions. The collision frequency of the binary media grinding system is 2.24 times higher than that of steel cylpeb grinding, while the energy per collision is reduced by 61.57%. Continuous grinding experiments further demonstrate that the high-frequency and low-energy collision characteristics increase the yield of the easily separable size fraction （0.019-0.045 mm） by 6.61 percentage points and reduce the circulating load ratio by 72 percentage points. These characteristics effectively alleviate the problems of low grinding efficiency and high circulating load in steel cylpeb grinding, demonstrating the advantages of the binary media grinding system in hematite fine grinding operations.