临界退火温度对中锰钢组织及性能影响
Effect of intercritical annealing temperature on microstructure and properties of medium Mn steel
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摘要: 为探究基于临界区退火工艺制备高强塑性中锰钢的可行性,以0.3C-6Mn-1.2Si-0.5Cr(质量分数,%)中锰钢为研究对象,结合扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、电子探针X射线显微分析仪(EPMA)等表征手段、DICTRA扩散动力学计算及力学性能测试,系统研究了临界退火温度对热轧后缓冷中锰钢组织与性能的影响规律。结果表明,临界退火后显微组织由马氏体、铁素体及残余奥氏体组成。退火温度为600 ℃时,残余奥氏体以膜状形态为主;650 ℃时转变为块状;625 ℃时残余奥氏体含量最高,且其中碳的质量分数达峰值,约为1.3%。DICTRA计算表明,在临界区预先进行Mn配分处理后,可获得明显的Mn元素梯度分布,且随退火温度升高,Mn分布趋于均匀化,与EPMA表征结果一致。退火温度对力学性能影响显著:随温度升高,抗拉强度提高,断后伸长率下降。625 ℃退火时屈服强度最高(955 MPa),强塑积最大(32.54 GPa·%);600 ℃退火时伸长率最大(32.31%);650 ℃退火时抗拉强度最高(1 281 MPa)。拉伸断口呈韧性断裂特征并伴有分层现象,断口由光滑层与韧窝层组成。随着退火温度升高,光滑层厚度减小,分层特征减弱。625 ℃退火时,光滑层的平坦断面上出现细密韧窝,且韧窝密度及尺寸随温度升高而增大。Abstract: To explore the feasibility of preparing medium Mn steel with high strength and ductility via intercritical annealing, a 0.3C-6Mn-1.2Si-0.5Cr (mass fraction,%)medium Mn steel was investigated. Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, electron probe X-ray microanalysis, DICTRA diffusion kinetics calculations, and mechanical property tests were combined to systematically study the influence of intercritical annealing temperature on the microstructure and properties of the medium-Mn steel subjected to slow cooling after hot rolling. The results show that the intercritically annealed microstructure consists of martensite, ferrite, and retained austenite. At 600 ℃, retained austenite exhibits a film-like morphology; at 650 ℃, it transforms into a blocky shape; and at 625 ℃, the retained austenite content reaches its maximum, with the mass fraction of carbon peaking at approximately 1.3%. DICTRA calculations indicate that pre-partitioning of Mn in the intercritical region yields a pronounced Mn concentration gradient, which gradually homogenizes with increasing annealing temperature, consistent with EPMA observations. The annealing temperature significantly affects the mechanical properties: tensile strength increases while elongation decreases with rising temperature. At 625 ℃, the yield strength reaches 955 MPa and the product of strength and elongation attains a maximum of 32.54 GPa·%; at 600 ℃, the maximum elongation is 32.31%; and at 650 ℃, the highest tensile strength is 1 281 MPa. The tensile fracture surfaces exhibit ductile features with delamination, comprising both smooth layers and dimple-rich layers; as the annealing temperature increases, the thickness of the smooth layers decreases and the delamination tendency weakens. At 625 ℃, fine and dense dimples appear on the flat smooth fracture surface, with both dimple density and size increasing with temperature.
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