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两点法速度测量应用分析

Application analysis of two-point velocity measurement

  • 摘要: 文章系统研究了两点法速度测量技术在低速小范围运动物体测量中的应用。通过设计固定间距为100 mm的双光电传感器测速系统,配合高精度时钟信号采集模块,实现了1~5 m/s速度范围内、移动区间不超过200 mm的精确测量。研究详细分析了距离测量和时间测量的误差来源,采用方和根法进行误差合成,最终系统测量误差控制在0.6%以内,显著优于±1%的设计指标。通过自由落体实验验证,在0.25、0.5 m和0.85 m三个高度下的测量误差分别为-0.2%、-0.5%和-0.5%,重复测量数据离散性小,完全满足预期测量需求。本研究为工业生产和科研实验中的低速精确测速提供了可靠的技术方案。

     

    Abstract: This paper systematically investigates the application of the two-point velocity measurement technique for low-speed, small-range moving objects. The velocity measurement system consists of dual photoelectric sensors with fixed spacing of 100 mm and a high-precision clock signal acquisition module, which achieves precise measurements within the velocity range of(1–5) m/s and the movement interval of 200 mm. The measurement error from both distance measurement and time measurement was analyzed in detail, and the resultant system measurement error was calculated by root-sum-square(RSS) method, indicating the relatively small error with the value less than 0.6%, which could meet the design specification of ±1%. Free-fall experiments with the heights of 0.25 m, 0.5 m, and 0.85 m were conducted to verify the the performance of the as-designed velocity measurement system, the measurement errors corresponding to different falling heights were-0.2%,-0.5%, and-0.5%, and the measurement for repetitive experiments showed small dispersion, which could fully meet the expected requirements. This work provides a reliable technical solution for low-speed, high-precision velocity measurement in industrial production and scientific experimentation.

     

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