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传统铁钢界面升级为“一罐到底”的技术

The upgrade from traditional iron-steel interface to "tapping to ladle" technology

  • 摘要: 传统铁钢界面升级为“一罐到底”技术是实现钢铁生产流程高效化、绿色化的重要路径。本文基于国内钢铁行业技术升级需求,系统剖析了传统铁钢界面存在的作业环节冗余、能耗高、污染大等问题,聚焦老旧钢铁厂升级为“一罐到底”技术面临的复杂挑战。研究指出,核心技术难点涵盖铁水运输组织模式的革新、非标车辆与建筑限界的科学适配、炼钢车间铁水接受系统的功能性重构、铸铁作业模式的适应性调整以及精准计量技术的集成应用。在运输组织优化方面,提出采用Flexsim动态仿真与排队论模型,结合炼铁-炼钢工序的产能匹配与生产节奏协同,设计高效运输路径与设备配置方案,显著提升铁水罐周转率并减少温降损失。针对非标限界问题,通过分析炼钢铁水罐的静态尺寸与动态运行特征,结合国家标准限界参数,提出兼顾安全性与经济性的非标限界设计方法,为既有铁路线路与车间布局的适应性改造提供理论依据。炼钢车间重构方面,提出取消传统铁水跨,整合铁水预处理、脱硫扒渣及转炉兑铁功能于加料跨内,并探索通过增设重载过跨车或改造外部运输线路实现铁水罐直送目标工位,从而消除倒罐环节,降低铁损与烟尘排放。铸铁作业创新则强调利用炼钢车间既有天车系统实现大容量铁水罐的吊运与倾翻,减少独立铸铁车间的建设成本。研究结果表明,通过系统性改造,传统铁钢界面可突破原有技术瓶颈,显著降低能耗、铁损与污染,提升经济效益与生态效益,为钢铁企业技术升级提供重要参考。

     

    Abstract: The upgrade from traditional iron-steel interface to "tapping-to-ladle" technology is a critical pathway to achieve high efficiency and sustainability in steel production. Based on the technological upgrade demands of China's steel industry, this study systematically analyzes the inherent issues of traditional iron-steel interfaces, including redundant operational steps, high energy consumption and significant pollution, with a focus on the complex challenges faced by aging steel plants in adopting the "tapping-to-ladle" technology. The research highlights core technical difficulties such as the innovation of hot metal transportation logistics, scientific adaptation of non-standard vehicle and infrastructure clearances, functional reconfiguration of hot metal reception systems in steelmaking workshops, adaptive adjustments to casting processes, and integration of precise measurement technologies. For transportation optimization, Flexsim dynamic simulation and queuing theory models are proposed to synchronize production capacity and operational rhythms between ironmaking and steelmaking processes, thereby designing efficient transport routes and equipment configurations that significantly improve ladle turnover rates and reduce temperature losses. To address non-standard clearance challenges, a design methodology balancing safety and economy is developed by analyzing the static dimensions and dynamic operational characteristics of steelmaking ladles, combined with national standard clearance parameters, providing theoretical support for retrofitting existing railway lines and workshop layouts. In reconstructing steelmaking workshops, the elimination of traditional hot metal transfer zones is proposed, integrating functions such as pretreatment, desulfurization, and converter charging into the charging bay. Solutions like adding heavy-duty transfer cars or modifying external transport routes enable direct ladle delivery to target stations, eliminating intermediate pouring processes and reducing iron loss and dust emissions. Innovations in casting operations emphasize leveraging existing crane systems in steelmaking workshops to handle and tilt large-capacity ladles, thereby reducing the construction costs of dedicated casting facilities. The results demonstrate that systematic upgrades can overcome inherent technical bottlenecks in traditional iron-steel interfaces, significantly lowering energy consumption, iron loss, and pollution while enhancing economic and ecological benefits. This study provides critical insights for steel enterprises pursuing technological modernization.

     

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