Abstract: China is a major steel producer with a long process, with a converter production capacity ratio of about 90%, and the environmental protection challenges of long-process steelmaking are arduous: the converter production process will emit a large amount of CO₂ and smoke and cause pollution, and there are defects such as high iron loss of slag. The results show that CO₂ has unique weak oxidation characteristics under high-temperature smelting conditions, which can effectively optimize the kinetic conditions and thermodynamic state of the molten pool. Converter CO₂ injection has the dual synergistic benefits of energy saving, emission reduction and production efficiency improvement, and provides a new path for the resource utilization of CO₂. Although there has been a lot of basic research, there are still many key problems to be broken through in the current CO₂ injection technology in industrial applications. There are still some deficiencies in the field of converter CO₂ injection in the existing research, including the dynamic influence of CO₂ injection ratio on the change law of molten pool elements and removal rate, and the influence on slag alkalinity, and other basic problems need to be explored, and there are problems of equipment synergy and industrial application universality that need to be improved.