Abstract: Wastewater has complex components containing numerous impurities and toxic substances, so catalysts are prone to contamination and poisoning during long-term operation, resulting in decreased activity. Carbon-based metal-supported catalysts integrate metal catalysts with carbon-based carriers and can be used to treat heavy metals in wastewater. To explore the performance of such catalysts in heavy metal treatment of wastewater, four types of carbon-based metal-supported catalysts (Fe-NCNTs-700, Fe-NCNTs-800, Co-NCNTs-700, Co-NCNTs-800) were prepared with cobalt (Co) and iron (Fe) at 700 and 800 ℃ respectively, based on electro-Fenton theory. Experimental results show that at the same temperature, materials prepared with metallic cobalt have stronger H₂O₂ generation capacity than those prepared with metallic iron; Co-NCNTs materials have smoother surfaces than Fe-NCNTs materials with observable carbon nanotube structures, and Fe-NCNTs-800 presents flaky structures on the surface at 800 ℃, which is identified as Fe(OH)₃(iron hydroxide) via XRD analysis. In wastewater heavy metal treatment experiments, Fe-NCNTs-800 exhibits equivalent treatment capacity for common wastewater heavy metals to Co-NCNTs-800, because Fe(OH)₃in it can generate more hydroxyl radicals to react with heavy metals and reduce heavy metal content in wastewater. In cyclic continuous experiments, Fe-NCNTs-800 shows slightly lower recycling efficiency, but comprehensively considering the cost and dosage of cobalt, and balancing the treatment effect and cost, Fe-NCNTs-800 carbon-based metal-supported catalyst has better practical application prospects.